蛇形移动输送机结构设计与动力学建模

介绍了新型蛇形移动输送机方案设计、结构设计中采用的方法和手段,并且针对结构的特殊性,构建了包括动力系统、张紧系统、机架、转向油缸以及输送机带的纵向动力学耦合模型。     

四轮转向车辆分数阶控制方法研究

四轮转向系统(4WS)可根据前轮转向和车辆的状态通过后轮的转向提高车辆转弯能力, 同样, 利用这一转向系统可以改进车辆的横向稳定性和操纵性能. 当前轮转向相同时四轮转向车辆的转弯半径大于两轮转向, 而且普通的控制方法不考虑前轮转向的动态过程影响. 本文利用分数阶导数理论提出一种新的四轮转向控制方法, 其不仅考虑前轮转角和横摆角速度的大小, 而且也考虑到转向角速度的影响. 同时也给出控制方法的一些设计方法, 数值计算结果验证了该控制方法的有效性. 通过对两轮转向和四轮转向的转弯车辆的侧偏角、车辆绕质心的横摆角速度和转弯半径等动力学和运动学特性的计算结果比较, 本文的控制方法对四轮转向车辆在转向过程中的瞬态响应有所改进, 并减小了转弯半径.     

一种重载全地形机器人履带行走装置转向性能分析

为解决某重载全地形履带式机器人转向系统转向误差大、控制难度高等问题,以三履带转向系统为研究对象,运用理论计算方法对重载全地形履带式机器人转向过程非稳态运动学和动力学进行建模。最后通过对比理论计算和试验测试结果的方法对建立的非稳态转向模型进行验证,证明所建立重载全地形三履带机器人转向机构非稳态转向模型在预测履带行走装置转向性能方面具有一定可行性。     

高速刨煤法刨煤机工况参数的多目标优化

针对普遍应用的高速刨煤法,分析输送机出现多次装载的情况,为更加合理有效地计算输送机装载量不同时的装载断面积,提出一种计算平均装载断面积的方法。并在此基础上以刨煤机单位能耗最低、输送机装载断面积合理利用、刨煤机生产能力最大为目标,采用线性加权和法对刨煤机工况参数进行多目标优化,为刨煤机参数的合理选择和研发应用提供理论依据。     

飞行器轨迹优化数值算法综述

作为计算飞行力学的重要组成部分之一,飞行器轨迹优化数值算法一直是飞行力学工作者研究的热点与难点,较全面地对各种方法进行综合研究的文献非常有限且近期未见公开发表.通过对百余篇的相关文献的研究,从计算飞行力学的应用角度出发,并结合近年来轨迹优化领域的研究进展,系统归纳分析了目前用于飞行器轨迹优化的数值算法.简单综述了常用轨迹优化方法的基本原理、特点及应用,介绍了近几年来出现的一些新方法,新理论;最后重点对众多飞行器协同轨迹优化与高超声速飞行器轨迹优化进行了综述.在本文的结论部分,提出了对飞行器轨迹优化数值算法的研究方向,即众多飞行器协同、多目标、全局、实时在线、高精度、能够考虑各种未知的随机干扰的轨迹优化     

商用车ABS预测控制方法研究

针对商用车制动过程中存在的强烈非线性和模型不确定性问题,建立了整车七自由度转向制动状态空间模型,提出了一种非线性连续预测控制方法,设计了基于滑移率的ABS非线性预测控制器.在控制器设计中,利用泰勒级数展开对系统状态进行适当的截尾处理,获得了系统预测模型,并将ABS路面识别算法引入参考轨迹设计,提出了多路面下的参考轨迹模型.当路况发生变化时,参考轨迹也发生相应的变化,而且在系统中引入了积分反馈,以增强系统的鲁棒性.仿真研究表明,当ABS存在建模误差、载荷变化和干扰时,该非线性预测控制器仍能够获得良好的动态响应和鲁棒性.     

车辆转弯制动ABS模糊控制及稳定性仿真分析

在Matlab／Simlink下建立了八自由度车辆系统的仿真模型。采用模糊控制方法,设计了基于滑移率的ABS控制算法。针对车辆转弯制动工况,对15m／s、20m／s、25m／s三种车速进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明所建立的ABS控制器能有效提高车辆的制动性能以及中低车速下的稳定性,但定性分析表明车辆在高速工况下出现不稳定现象。为此利用稳定性判定式,对车辆转弯制动ABS控制下的稳定性做了定量判定。判定结果表明,高速时车辆仅有ABS控制并不能达到稳定性控制的要求。     

智能车辆弯路换道轨迹规划与横摆率跟踪控制

对自动化公路系统弯路上智能车辆换道控制进行了研究.假设期望的侧向加速度满足正反梯形的约束条件,考虑起始车道和目的车道曲率的差别,提出了一种弯路上车辆换道轨迹规划方法,推导了换道时车辆在惯性坐标系的期望运动状态计算公式;根据车辆期望运动状态计算了车辆换道时的期望横摆角、横摆角速度和横摆角加速度;假定依靠角速度传感器获得横摆角速度信息,基于车辆侧向动力学模型,采用非奇异终端滑模控制方法,设计了横摆角速度跟踪车辆换道滑模控制规律.基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,采用相平面法,对控制系统的有限时间收敛性进行了分析.仿真结果显示,若不考虑内外侧车道曲率差别,规划的期望换道轨迹,在换道结束时与目的车道位置之间总是存在偏离,偏离程度随曲率半径减小而增大;本文考虑内外侧车道曲率的差别,能得到无偏差的期望换道轨迹;设计的横摆率跟踪控制规律能实现对换道轨迹的理想跟踪.     

基于动态规划的多无人机通信连通性保持研究

随着无人机技术的逐渐成熟,制造成本不断降低,无人机在多个领域得到广泛应用,如农业、工业、安全、军事等.而无人机在执行任务时,往往需要与地面基站保持通信的连通性.但在距离较远或有遮挡情况下,信道质量将严重下降,这对通信连通性的保持提出挑战.针对该问题,本文考虑部署多架无人机作为通信中继,以串联方式构建任务无人机与地面基站稳定的通信链路.本文以长期信道容量作为优化指标,基于动态规划理论提出了两种中继无人机的规划方法:CMMP-AT和CMMP-OBO. CMMP-AT方法强调在任务执行初期就部署全部中继无人机,该方法部署较为简便,但计算复杂度较高. CMMP-OBO方法提出按照任务需求逐架部署中继无人机,该方法较为灵活,且计算复杂度低,扩展性好,可节约中继无人机的运动能耗.实验结果表明, CMMP-AT方法针对一个两中继无人机场景,需要40.03 h规划结果,而CMMP-OBO方法只需57.66 s即可规划出结果,并且可节约3.87%的运动能耗.此外,为了精确控制中继无人机遵循规划出的轨迹行进,本文基于模型预测控制方法实现对规划轨迹的追踪,并在V-REP环境中实现了多中继无人机场景的仿真.仿真结果表明,相比PID控制方法,模型预测控制方法能够更精确地追踪规划轨迹.在两种仿真场景下,模型预测控制方法的追踪误差仅为PID控制方法的43.97%和41.42%.     

基于柯西变异鸽群优化的大型民用飞机滚动时域控制

采用先进的控制方法对大型民用飞机的多操纵面进行控制,可以有效提高大型民用飞机飞行的安全性和可靠性.针对大型民用飞机的在线滚动时域控制(receding horizon control,RHC)问题,提出了柯西变异鸽群优化(Cauthy mutation pigeon inspired optimization,CMPIO).柯西变异鸽群优化不但保持了鸽群优化(pigeon inspired optimization,PIO)收敛速度快的优点,而且通过执行加入柯西变异的地图和指南针算子和地标算子,可以有效降低优化结果陷入局部最优的概率,改善滚动时域控制的快速性和稳定性.在协调转弯过程和协调转弯的故障重构两个算例的仿真中,基于柯西变异鸽群优化的滚动时域控制使大型飞机稳定地达到参考状态,控制器同时合理地完成了多操纵面的控制分配和故障重构.     

蛇形移动输送机运动学仿真分析

介绍了一种新型的可以实现水平弯曲和垂直弯曲的多驱动的并且可以自主行走的带式输送机,该系统为典型的非完整、欠驱动系统,文中分析系统的运动学特性,建立了运动学方程,并运用理论分析的运动学模型进行了仿真分析,证明该输送机运动特性与带拖车移动机器人有相似的运动特性和运动规律。     

带式输送机侧向稳定性的建模仿真

针对实际工况中大型带式输送机的跑偏问题，建立了带式输送机侧向动力学模型，其特点是综合考虑了带的粘弹性、带和物料重力的复位力和调心托辊的纠偏力。利用VC＋＋6．0对系统的状态方程编程求近似解，并对实际系统进行仿真，绘出二维图形显示动态参数值，得出了最大跑偏量，使结果直观，也证明了动力学模型的正确性。     

Composite leading indicators of underlying inflation for seven EU countries

This paper presents short‐ and long‐term composite leading indicators (CLIs) of underlying inflation for seven EU countries, namely Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK. CLI and CPI reference series are calculated in terms of both growth rates and in deviations from its trend. The composite leading indicators are based on leading basic series, such as sources of inflation, series containing information on inflation expectations and prices of intermediate goods and services. Neftci's decision rule approach has been applied to transfer movements in the CLIs into a measure of the probability of a cyclical turning point, which enables the screening out of false turning point predictions. Finally, CLIs have been used to analyse the international coherence of price cycles. The forecast performance of CLIs of inflation over the past raises hope that this forecast instrument can be useful in predicting future price movements. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of the US business cycle with a Vector‐Markov‐switching model

This paper identifies turning points for the US ‘business cycle’ using information from different time series. The model, a multivariate Markov‐switching model, assumes that each series is characterized by a mixture of two normal distributions (a high and low mean) with the switching from one to the other determined by a common Markov process. The procedure is applied to the series composing the composite coincident indicator in the USA to obtain business cycle turning points. The business cycle chronology is closer to the NBER reference cycle than the turning points obtained from the individual series using a univariate model. The model is also used to forecast the series with some encouraging results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A classifying procedure for signalling turning points

A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is used to classify an out‐of‐sample observation vector into either of two regimes. This leads to a procedure for making probability forecasts for changes of regimes in a time series, i.e. for turning points. Instead of estimating past turning points using maximum likelihood, the model is estimated with respect to known past regimes. This makes it possible to perform feature extraction and estimation for different forecasting horizons. The inference aspect is emphasized by including a penalty for a wrong decision in the cost function. The method, here called a ‘Markov Bayesian Classifier (MBC)’, is tested by forecasting turning points in the Swedish and US economies, using leading data. Clear and early turning point signals are obtained, contrasting favourably with earlier HMM studies. Some theoretical arguments for this are given. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluation of Regime Switching Models for Real‐Time Business Cycle Analysis of the Euro Area

In this paper, we aim at assessing Markov switching and threshold models in their ability to identify turning points of economic cycles. By using vintage data updated on a monthly basis, we compare their ability to date ex post the occurrence of turning points, evaluate the stability over time of the signal emitted by the models and assess their ability to detect in real‐time recession signals. We show that the competitive use of these models provides a more robust analysis and detection of turning points. To perform the complete analysis, we have built a historical vintage database for the euro area going back to 1970 for two monthly macroeconomic variables of major importance for short‐term economic outlook, namely the industrial production index and the unemployment rate. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Predicting cyclical turning points with leading index in a markov switching model

We have evaluated the Commerce Department's Composite Index of Leading Indicators as a predictor of business cycle turning points using the two-state Markov switching model as the filter. Contrary to some recent studies, we found that the predictive performance of CLI is quite good and, with an exception of the 1973:11 peak, it made very little difference to the prediction of turning points whether real-time data are used instead of the revised series. We found, however, that imposing any degree of autoregression in the errors on the simple regime-shift model caused the filter to signal turning points inappropriately. Also, we found no evidence of duration dependence in post-war U.S. business cycles.     

钢丝绳芯胶带芯绳断裂问题以及计算机模拟

钢丝绳芯胶带是钢丝绳芯带式输送机的主要部件，断带是带式输送机经常出现的重大事故之一。根据复合材料结构力学理论，建立了部分芯绳断裂的张力分配的力学和数学模型，运用微机对此问题做了模拟研究。并得出了相关结论。