HCl在氯化镉水溶液中的热力学性质

在HCl—CdCl2—H2O体系中,恒定溶总离子强度为I=0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0、1.5mol·kg-1,Cd Cl2在溶液中的离子强度分数恒定为yB=0.00、0.10、0.20、0.30、0.50和0.70条件下,应用经典的电动势方法测定无液体接界电池在278.15～318.15K温度范围内的电动势:Pt,H2(101.325kPa)|HCl(mA),CdCl2(mB),H2O|AgCl-AgAgCl—Ag电极的标准电极电势应用Bates方法测定,根据测得上述电池的电动势数据,计算了混合溶液中HCl的活度系数γA.在溶液中总离子强度保持恒定时,混合溶液中HCl的活度系数服从Harned规则,以HCl的活度系数logγA对热力学温度T作图是一条直线,拟合偏差均在10-3～10-4数量级,进一步讨论了混合溶液中HCl的相对偏摩尔焓..     

硫酸钴水溶液热力学

在HCl-CoCO4-H2O体系中，恒定溶液总离子强度为I=0．2、0．4、0．6、0．8、1．0、1.5mol.kg^-1,CoSO4在溶液中的离子强度分数恒定为yB=0．00、0．10、0．20、0．30．0.50和0．70条件下，应用经典的电动势方法测定无液体接界电池(A)在278．15～323．15K温度范围内的电动势：Pt，H2(101．325kPa)|HCl(mA)，CoS04(mB)，H20|AgCl-Ag (A)根据测得电池(A)的电动势数据，计算了混合溶液中HCl的活度系数γA,在溶液中总离子强度保持恒定时(yB=常数)，混合溶液中HCl的活度系数logγA．对热力学温度的倒数l／T作图是一条直线，拟合偏差均在10^-3～10^-4数量级。     

葡萄糖-水混合溶液中多组分电解质热力学

在HCl-MgSO4-C6H12O6-H2O四元混合溶液体系中,恒定总离子强度I=0.5、1.0、1.5 mol.kg-1,硫酸镁在溶液中离子强度分数yB=0.000 0、0.200 0、0.400 0、0.600 0和0.800 0条件下,用电动势法测定无液体接界电池(A)在278.15～323.15 K温度内的电动势:Pt,H2(101.325kPa)│HCl(mA),MgSO4(mB),C6H12O6(w),H2O(1-w)│AgCl-Ag(A)通过测得电池(A)的电动势数据,确定盐酸在该混合溶液中的活度系数γA,当溶液中总离子强度保持恒定量,以HCl的活度系数logγA与热力学温度的倒数1/T作图是一条直线,它的拟合标准偏差Sf均在10-3～10-4数量级.     

HCl在硫酸铟水溶液中表观热力学性质的研究

在HCl一In2(S04)3一H2O体系中，恒定溶液总离子强度和In2(S04)3在溶液中的离子强度分数，应用经典的电动势方法测定无液体接界电池(A)在278．15—318．15K温度范围内的电动势：Pt，H2(101．325kPa)|HCl(mA)，In2(S04)3(m2)，H2O|AgCl—Ag(A)根据电池(A)的电动势数据，计算了混合溶液中HCl的活度系数γA，当指定温度和保持溶液中总离子强度恒定时，进一步讨论了HCl的活度系数与溶液中In2(S04)3的离子强度分数的关系，结果表明，在溶液总离子强度较低时，HCl的活度系数服从Harned规则．     

甘油-水混合溶剂中盐酸热力学性质

在恒定溶液总离子强度I＝1.000mol.kg^-1，改变甘油在混合溶剂中的质量分数x=5、15和20的条件下，应用经典的电动势方法测定无液体接界电池的电动势：Pt,H2(101,325kPa)|HCl(m),C3H8O3(x),H2O(1-x)|AgCl-Ag (A)根据测得电池（A）的电动势，确定混合溶剂中AgCl-Ag是极的标准 电极电势，计算了HCl在甘油－水混合溶剂中的活度系数，进一步讨论了HCl的迁移自由能，迁移熵和迁移焓。     

多组分电解质溶液热力学 Ⅲ.5—45℃ HCl NiCl_2 H_2O体系中HCl的活度系数

本文测量了五个温度下,总离子强度恒定时电池 Pt,H_2(g,latm)|HCl(m_A),NiCl_2(m_B)|AgCl-Ag的电动势。实验结果表明,在HCl NiCl_2 H_2O体系中,温度在5,15,25,35和45℃恒定总离子强度I为0.5,1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0和5.0mol·kg~(-1)时的HCl活度系数γ_A能较好地符合Harned规则 logγ_A=logγ_A~。-α_AI_B 同时发现在混合物组成不变情况下HCl活度系数的对数logγ_A是温度的线性函数logγ_A=a bt,常数a和b与混合物的组成和总离子强度有关。     

多组分电解质溶液活度系数的确定

多组分电解质溶液是非常重要的课题。在大量的化工过程、海水的利用、人体的生理过程和细胞平衡,多组分电解质都起着重要作用。这种混合物的热力学早已做了详细地研究。确定多组分电解质溶液活度系数的实验方法很多,如电动势法,等压法,溶度法,冰点降低法等。其中电动势(e.m.f)法是特别有用的,因为它能直接得到由对于电极是可逆的离子组成的溶质的活度系数。运用电动势法的大多数工作是保持溶液总离子强度不变,或者保持一个组分的浓度不变而另一组分的浓度变化。例如,在保持溶液总离子强度恒定时,由氢电极和银-卤化银电极构成的无液接电池(Pt)H_2(g,latm)| HCl(mA),MCl_n(mB)| AgCl-Ag 溶液的一个组分是盐酸(A),另一组分是卤化物(B)。实验测最的emf校正到氢气压力为latm,就可得到各类离子强度分数yB=[n(n+1)mB/2]/[mA+n(n+1)mB/2]的HCl的活度系数 logγA=- 1/2[(E-E0)/K+logmA(mA十mB)]式中E0为电池标准电动势,k=(RTln10)/nF。对于多组分电解质溶液的活度系数,我们拟用Harned方程式,Scatchard方程式和Pitzer方程式描述。     

多组分电解质溶液热力学 Ⅳ.5-45℃ HCl CoCl_2 H_2O体系中HCl的活度系数

本文测量了电池Pt,H_2(g,latm)|HCl(m_A),CoCl_2(m_B)|AgCl-Ag的电动势。实验结果表明,在恒定总离子强度I=0.5,1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0和5.0mol·kg~(-1)的HCl-CoCl_2-H_2O体系中,在温度5,15,25,35和45℃时,HCl的活度系数γ_A都能较好地服从Harned规则: logγ_A=logγ_A~°-α_AI_B 同时也发现,在混合物组成不变的情况下,该混合物中HCl活度系数的对数logγ_A是温度的线性函数logγ_A=a bt,其中常数a和b都与混合物的组成和总离子强度I有关系。     

多组分电解质溶液热力学 Ⅰ.HCl NiCl_2 H_2O体系的活度系数,298.15K

本文用EMF法测定了25.00±0.02℃、恒定总离子强度下HCl NiCl_2 H_2O体系中HCl活度系数。用Harned和Pitzer方程式处理实验数据,结果表明,一直到总离子强度I=5.0mole·kg~(-1)时,HCl的活度系数仍遵守Harned规则。用三种不同方法求得Pitzer方程式中的混合参数θ和ψ,推算NiCl_2活度系数。计算结果和实验数据在误差范围内吻合得很好。     

5—45℃下氯化氢—氯化镍—正丙醇—水体系中氯化氢活度系数的研究

本文报道了在5～45℃,测定的无液接电池: Pt,H_2(latm)| HCI(I_A),N_i Cl_2(IB),PrOH(X),H_2O(1-X)| AgCl,Ag的电动势,确定了Ag-AgCl电极在该混合溶剂中的标准电极电位。计算出总离子强度I=1.00moleKg~(-1)时HCl的活度系数Y_A。结果表明,HCl在HCl-N_iCl_2-PrOH-H_2O体系中仍遵守Harned规则,在溶液组成不变时,logY_A与绝对温度T呈线性关系。对HCl在混合溶剂混合电解质中的二级介质效应进行了讨论。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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