模板剂对介孔碳孔道结构及有序性的影响

分别以三嵌段聚合物F127、P123以及P123/F127作为模板剂,酚醛树脂为有机碳源,采用溶剂挥发自组装法制备有序介孔碳材料。采用XRD,TEM和N2吸/脱附等手段对有序介孔碳进行表征,研究F127、P123及P123/F127复合模板剂对介孔碳孔道结构及有序性的影响。结果表明,使用单一模板剂时,F127较P123更易产生有序六方介孔结构;使用P123/F127复合模板剂,介孔碳有较好的二维六方有序性,介孔孔容和比表面积较单独使用F127作模板分别提高了50%与31%;当m(P123)/m(F127)=1/3时,所得介孔碳BET比表面积为498.5 m2/g,介孔孔容和比表面积分别为0.173 cm3/g和167m2/g,平均孔径为3.41 nm。     

一步法制备体心立方结构的介孔碳／氧化硅纳米复合材料

以酚醛树脂预聚体（Res01）为碳源前驱体,嵌段共聚物聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯（PEO-PPO-PEO,F127）和聚二甲基硅氧烷-聚氧乙烯（PDMS-PEO）为混合模板剂,采用溶剂挥发诱导自组装（EISA）方法制备了有序介孔碳-氧化硅纳米复合材料,并进一步采用小角X射线散射（SAXS）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和氮气吸脱附分析对所制备样品的结构和组成进行表征．结果表明,所制备的介孔碳／氧化硅纳米复合材料具有体心立方Im3m结构,其BET比表面积、总孔容和孔径分别为l410m^2／g,1．12cm^3／g和5．4nm．     

孔道结构对有序介孔炭电化学性能的影响

以三嵌段共聚物（F127）为模板剂,间苯二酚（R）和甲醛（F）为碳前驱体,在外加的酸性条件下通过自组装的方法制得了F127/RF复合材料,然后经碳化处理得到具有高度有序孔道结构的介孔炭材料（OMCs）,通过XRD、TEM、N₂吸/脱附手段(77K低温下)对其进行结构表征。测试结果表明有序介孔炭材料的BET比表面积和总孔体积分别为770m²/g和0.65cm³/g。以有序介孔炭材料为电极制备超级电容器,对其进行直流恒流充放电测试、循环伏安测试和交流阻抗测试,结果显示在电流密度为0.02A/g时OMC-3比容量为130F/g,100次充放电循环后电容量保持率在99%以上。     

玉米面衍生的三维孔碳电极材料的绿色合成与超级电容器性能

为了获得性能优异的超级电容器电极材料,选择廉价的玉米面作为碳前驱体,利用简单的硬模板方法,以容易水洗去除的碳酸钠为大孔模板、氢氧化钾为活化试剂,制备了兼具大孔、介孔和微孔的三维分级孔碳材料.分别采用扫描电镜、氮气吸附脱附、恒流充放电、循环伏安及交流阻抗等测试方法,对材料的形貌、孔结构和电化学储能性能进行表征.结果表明:所得孔碳材料具有良好的分级孔结构特点,其比表面积高达1 365.2 m2/g.电流密度为0.5 A/g时,比电容高达245 F/g;电流密度为20 A/g时,电容量保持率为93.5%.在5 A/g的电流密度下,循环10 000圈后,电容量仍能保持在97.3%.组装所得对称超级电容器的能量密度和功率密度分别达到29.2 W·h/kg和500.6 W/kg,说明该孔碳材料在超级电容器方面具有很好的应用前景,合成方法成本低、绿色环保,预计能够在大规模制备三维孔碳基纳米材料方面得到广泛应用.     

氮掺杂层次孔碳纳米材料的合成及其电化学储能

为了制备性能优良的电化学储能电极材料,利用分子自组装技术,将甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯腈聚合后的产物进行碳化和活化,得到具有大孔、介孔和微孔的氮杂层次孔碳纳米材料.分别采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、氮气吸附脱附、X线光电子能谱、恒流充放电、循环伏安及交流阻抗等测试方法和手段对材料的形貌、结构及电容性能进行表征.实验结果表明:所得氮杂孔碳纳米材料比表面积为698 m~2/g,孔容为0.42 cm~3/g.在电流密度为0.2 A/g时,该材料比电容量为241.9 F/g,且具有较好的循环稳定性,在2 A/g下循环5 000圈后,比电容值仍能保持在初始容量的93.6%.将其组装为对称超级电容器,能量密度和功率密度分别达到19.6 W·h/kg和200 W/kg,高于目前一些商业化的电容器数值,说明该氮杂层次孔碳纳米材料在超级电容器方面展示出很好的应用前景.     

水热晶化法合成介孔氧化铝分子筛研究

有序介孔氧化铝是一类比表面大、结构严整、孔径分布狭窄的介孔材料,广泛地应用于化工领域．采用仲丁醇铝为铝源,硬脂酸为模板剂通过水热晶化法制备了介孔氧化铝分子筛,并对其制备条件进行了优化,其最佳条件为晶化温度为110℃,晶化时间为2d．通XRD、低温吸附一脱附、SEM等分析发现所得样品的比表面积高达408m2／g,孔容为0．65cm3／g,孔径分布在3～6nm范围内,平均孔径为3．4nm,证明其是一种典型的介孔分子筛．     

聚苯胺/活性炭复合材料电容性能研究

以商品化活性炭为原料，在1mol／L盐酸环境下采用原位聚合法制备了聚苯胺／活性炭复合材料（PANI／C），复合材料中聚苯胺的质量分数为46．4％．用循环伏安、交流阻抗、恒流充放电测试等方法考察比较了新材料与原活性炭在1mol／L H2SO4溶液中的电容性能．结果表明，新材料的比容量和大电流充放电性能均优于碳材料．3．0mA／cm^2电流密度下，复合材料电极比容量高达448．7F／g，比原碳材料提高60％．     

介孔分子筛调制有序介孔碳超级电容器性能研究

为了研究不同孔径的有序介孔碳(OMC)作为超级电容器电极的性能差异,本文采用水热合成法制备三种不同孔径的介孔二氧化硅分子筛(SBA-15),再以SBA-15为模板,乙炔为碳源,利用化学气相沉积法(CVD)反向制备具有不同孔径的OMC。利用扫描电子显微镜、氮气吸附和电化学测试等,分析OMC作为电极材料时,其纳米孔结构与性能之间的关系。结果表明,将孔径调控在3～4 nm的OMC-120作为超级电容器电极,在充放电电流密度为0.10 A/g和0.50 A/g时,比电容为44.50 F/g和54.30 F/g;经1 000次循环后电容保持率达99%,其双电层电容性能和稳定性优于其他孔径结构的样品,这归因于OMC-120中较窄的有序介孔结构加速了电子和离子的转移交换,缩短离子的传输路径。     

磷酸和AlCl3含量对介孔Ti-P-Al材料合成的影响

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为模板剂、通过后处理法合成了介孔结构的Ti—P—Al材料．此类材料无需焙烧即呈现出典型的介孔特征。采用多种表征手段如XRD、FTIR以及氮气物理吸附等方法考察了磷酸浓度和AlCl3量对所得介孔材料的影响。实验表明：磷酸浓度影响TiP介孔结构的长程有序性．但对介孔Ti—P—A1l料的影响很小。AlCl3量对所得介孔结构的影响非常明显,AlCl3量小时得不到介孔材料而AlCl3量大时样品的长程有序性下降。AlCl3量也影响介孔材料中的模板剂含量：在MTP0.25Aly系列样品中．当y=0．7时样品中的模板剂基本没被脱除,因而得到的是无孔材料;当y=7时样品中的绝大部分模板剂已被脱除而得到了介孔材料,所得样品原粉的比表面积为284m^2/g、孔容（u）为0．38cm^3／g、孔径（D）为3．98nm;进一步增加AlCl3量至y=14时,样品原粉的比表面积高达324m^2/g,孔容和孔径分别为0．39cm^2/g和3．68nm。     

介孔氧化铝空心球的制备及表征

以掺氮碳球为硬模板,F127为软模板,廉价的Al(NO3)3·9H2O为铝源,成功制备出具有介孔结构的氧化铝空心球。通过SEM,N2吸附-脱附,XRD,FT-IR表征显示,其粒径大小均一,均在500nm左右;壳层具有蠕虫状的介孔结构,且主要为无定型结构的氧化铝;介孔孔径为17nm,比表面积为153m2/g,孔容为0.67cm3/g。详细讨论了介孔氧化铝空心球的形成机理。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with