不同排水体制下城市降雨径流污染负荷核定方法

针对目前我国现存的主要3种排水体制,合流制、截流式合流制和分流制,讨论了不同排水体制下,城市降雨径流污染负荷核定的不同方法.常用的方法基本是针对完全合流制和分流制而建立的,而截流式合流制是现在大多数城市都在使用的排水体制,在计算该体制下降雨径流污染负荷时应将截流部分和直接排放的部分分别计算,其计算方法应与适用于合流制的降雨径流污染负荷核定方法区分开,有利于更准确地核定城市降雨径流污染负荷,对城市规划和建设有一定的指导意义.     

水泵强制排水系统合流制溢流的污染源解析

在对上海市某截流式合流制系统服务范围内的地表径流、生活污水、雨天截流、溢流的水质与水量进行同步监测的基础上,根据排水管网水力模型确定系统储存的生活污水量,采用输入输出质量平衡法初步分析了该系统雨天总出流（溢流加截流）与溢流过程的SS、NH4+-N来源,结合降雨特性比较分析了雨天总出流、溢流的污染源解析结果的差异：与雨天总出流的污染负荷构成相比,2012年6场降雨溢流事件的溢流SS、 NH4+-N负荷中,地表径流的贡献率分别下降了10.2%～25.1%、4.5%～11.0%,生活污水贡献率分别降低了0.3%～1.5%、6.0%～30.7%,管道沉积物贡献率则分别增长了11.2%～25.4%、6.8%～37.2%。研究成果直接确定了对水体造成危害的溢流污染的来源,为CSO污染控制、城市水环境保护策略的制定提供了依据。     

特殊情况下溢流井的设计

我国地域辽阔,各地经济发展不平衡,截流式合流制排水系统在一些城市老城区改造中仍然被广泛采用.污水溢流井是截流式合流制排水系统中关键性构筑物,通过它能将旱季污水和初期雨污水截流排走,以避免水体受到污染,同时也能保证超出截流水量的合流污水顺利地排入水体.     

合流制排水管渠系统的改造

本文介绍了旧合流制排水管渠系统改造的三种措施，首先将合流制改为分流制；其次将部分合流管保留，实行截流式合流制管渠；第三在截流式合流制的基础上，对溢流混合污水进行一级处理。并对实施截流式合流制中应注意的问题进行了分析，倡导因地制宜的对旧合流制排水管渠系统进行合理的改造。     

深圳河湾流域溢流污染规律及其对海湾水质的影响

以深圳河湾流域为研究对象,基于流域降雨径流污染-沿河截排系统溢流-海湾水动力水质联合模型,分析研究区溢流污染输出的时空变化规律及其对海湾水质的影响.结果表明,全年流域主要污染源为污水处理厂尾水污染和溢流污染;溢流污染占入河湾总污染负荷的30％左右,雨季升至50％左右,成为深圳河湾流域雨季最主要的污染源;溢流污染负荷季节...     

城市混合截污管网溢流污水防控技术进展

在分析城市合流制排水系统污水溢流污染特点的基础上,系统介绍了合流制排水系统污水溢流污染处理处置过程中带有共性的关键防控技术,并综述了国内外对于该项技术的研究进展,分析了我国目前控制合流制管道溢流污染存在的问题和不足,旨在为我国城市合流制溢流污染控制提供技术借鉴.     

广州城区雨水径流非点源污染特性及污染负荷

以广州市新河浦社区部分排水区为研究对象,将研究区域划分为居住区、马路、草地3种典型下垫面,在各典型下垫面分别进行若干场雨水径流水质监测,主要分析雨水径流中的化学需氧量(COD)、生物需氧量(BOD5),以及总悬浮物固体(TSS)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮等污染物的浓度,探讨TSS和COD的相关性,揭示污染物的时空变化规律和径流的初期冲刷效应。基于暴雨径流管理模型(SWMM)建立了研究区域降雨径流非点源污染的模型,根据研究区域的水质监测资料率定模型参数,结果表明:水样中TSS和COD的相关性不明显;居住区、马路存在较为明显的初期冲刷效应,草地的初期冲刷效应不如居住区和马路明显;所建立的非点源污染模型具有较高的精度,利用该模型分别模拟不同重现期、不同降雨类型及不同下垫面类型的非点源污染负荷,所得负荷量结果较为合理,可以为城市雨水径流非点源污染的控制提供参考依据.     

苏州河沿岸合流制系统雨天溢流频率及其启示

合流系统雨天溢流污染问题在全世界受到广泛关注．上海市苏州河沿岸合流系统在截流倍数仅1．5～3倍的情况下,溢流频率明显低于设计预期与国外的报道．为此,借助排水系统水力模型对上海市典型合流制排水系统进行分析．结果表明：上海市排水系统相互连通,管道坡度平坦,管网存储能力大,加上大面积流域的降雨时空分布差异性,赋予了合流系统巨大的调节能力,导致实际年溢流次数少于设计估算值及类似条件下日本合流系统的相应值．上海市合流系统的溢流污染负荷并不比分流制系统溢流污染负荷大,在控制雨天面源污染上具有更大优势．研究结果可为今后同类地区排水体制的选择提供参考．     

一种液控弯管虹吸溢流式截流井的设计

分析国内常用的污水截流井类型及其优缺点,提出一种液控弯管虹吸溢流的新型截流井。在现有污水处理厂处理、储存能力和截流井、管网储存能力不变的情况下,减少污染物含量较高的初期雨水的排放,而让污染物较低的后期雨水溢流,实现污染物截流的最大化。     

环保型雨水口的分类模拟与效果评价

环保型雨水口是控制道路雨水径流面源的有效措施,特别是对初期雨水污染有突出的减控效果,在海绵城市建设中得到了广泛应用.由于环保型雨水口复杂的径流污染调控过程,目前尚缺乏合理和系统的模型概化手段,因而难以有效评估其径流污染调控效果.在全面梳理常见的环保型雨水口技术方案的基础上,将环保型雨水口概化分为弃流型、截流入渗型和人工填料型3类,考虑不同类型环保型雨水口复杂的径流调控与污染物削减环节,针对性地开展水量水质耦合模型构建,并利用设计降雨数据进行模型试算与效果评估.模型试算结果表明,该模型能够较好模拟均匀降雨、单峰降雨、双峰降雨和间歇降雨条件下的雨水口外排过程,满足水量平衡与污染物守恒.利用模型模拟能定量分离环保型雨水口不同环节的贡献,在此基础上评估了3类环保型雨水口径流调控与污染物削减的效果.相关成果能为环保型雨水口的规划设计与效果评估提供有效的模拟技术支撑,进而促进海绵型道路的推广应用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that