Zn,Pb,Cd,Cu在淮南新庄孜煤矿矸石山附近土壤和作物中分布特征

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)对淮南新庄孜煤矿矸石山周边土壤、黄豆、水稻中Zn,Pb,Cd,Cu进行了测试,分析了其含量分布特征.结果表明:矿区土壤呈碱性,土壤中Zn,Pb含量在深度为20～40 cm最高,分别为43.08,15.61 mg.kg-1,但均低于淮南市土壤背景值,表层土壤(0～20 cm)中Cd含量(0.124 mg.kg-1)最高,深部土壤(20～40 cm)中Cu含量(24.27 mg.kg-1)最高,分别超淮南市土壤背景值106.76%,0.46%;土壤中Zn,Pb,Cd,Cu含量随土壤深度变化不显著,表层土壤中Zn,Pb含量均在距矸石山一定距离后达峰值,推测可能由煤矸石山产生的粉尘颗粒物随大气迁移造成.通过土壤中重金属含量对土壤中理化性质的逐步回归分析表明:总磷对土壤Zn,Cd含量影响较大,有机质对土壤Pb,Cu含量影响较大.Cd主要分布在黄豆和水稻的根部,Zn较易向黄豆和水稻地上部分迁移.黄豆和水稻地上部Zn富集系数较高,其叶、壳、籽中重金属富集能力大小为Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb.Pb在水稻籽实中达0.52 mg.kg-1(干重),超国家食品中铅限量卫生标准1.3倍,水稻籽实中较高的Pb含量可能对食用此稻米人群产生一定膳食风险.     

双穗雀稗对5种重金属单-胁迫的生长响应和吸收性研究

以现行土壤环境质量标准为浓度设置依据,结合实际土壤污染状况,研究了不同浓度的Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn和Cr 5种重金属单一处理对双穗雀稗生长特性的影响及双穗雀稗对其吸收性.结果表明:(1)在双穗雀稗正常生长下,Cd、Pb土壤临界值分别达到80 mg kg-1和500 mg kg-1水平以上;Cr临界值在100-120 mg kg-1之间;Zn临界值为400 mg kg-1;Cu临界值在100 mg kg-1以下.(2)双穗雀稗地上部Cd、Zn和Cr含量都随着处理浓度的增加而升高;地上部Pb和Cu含量随着处理浓度的增加先升高后降低.双穗雀稗富集系数大于1的有Cd、Cu和Zn处理,其中Cd在10mg kg-1和Zn在200 mg kg-1处理时富集系数最大,分别为1.87和2.74;Cu在200 mg kg-1处理时富集系数最大,达到7.66,此时双穗雀稗具备了超积累Cu的特征.双穗雀稗对土壤中Zn、Cu、Cd有较强的富集效率,而对Cr和Pb的富集能力较小.     

对11种热带滨海植物Cd富集能力的初步评价

采用盆栽试验的方法,评价了11种热带滨海植物对重金属Cd的富集能力.结果表明:白凤菜、有芒鸭嘴草、海马齿、海雀稗对Cd的耐性较强,于Cd处理后其根系生长、株高、生物量没有发生明显下降(p0.05);海马齿、海雀稗的根对Cd具有较强的富集能力,其根中的Cd含量分别为839.55 mg·kg-1、1 144.64 mg·kg-1;白凤菜、有芒鸭嘴草的根和其地上部都能大量富集Cd,且地上部分对Cd的富集能力大于根部的富集能力,地上部分的Cd含量分别达709.45 mg·kg-1、164.20 mg·kg-1,超过Cd超富集植物应达到的临界含量(100 mg·kg-1).由此得出以下结论:白凤菜、有芒鸭嘴草、海马齿、海雀稗对Cd的富集能力较强,可将其作为修复Cd污染土壤的候选植物.     

六安市蔬菜地土壤及蔬菜重金属污染评价

对六安市5个主要蔬菜产区土壤和蔬菜中的重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni、Cd)含量进行调查和分析测定,结果表明:蔬菜地土壤重金属的平均含量分别为Cu 15.86 mg.kg-1,Zn 43.61 mg.kg-1,Pb 56.37 mg.kg-1,Ni 54.17 mg.kg-1,Cd 0.355mg.kg-1。Ni和Cd分别超过国家环境二级标准的35.43%和18.33%,多数土壤已经受到了重金属Ni和Cd的轻度污染。蔬菜总体评价尚好,仅有部分出现超标现象,表现为叶菜类>根茎类>瓜果类。土壤和蔬菜中的Cd含量相关性显著。     

龙葵修复不同浓度土壤镉污染研究

通过温室试验，设置不同浓度镉(Cd)处理(0、20、40、80 mg/kg和160 mg/kg),研究龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)对不同浓度Cd的富集特征和修复性能.结果表明：龙葵对Cd具有较强的耐受性，株高随Cd浓度的增加先升高后降低，生物量无明显变化；龙葵对Cd的富集量随Cd胁迫浓度增大而增加，且主要分布在地上部；不同处理龙葵的富集系数、转运系数和Cd去除率均随处理浓度的提高呈先上升后下降的趋势，在土壤总Cd含量为20 mg/kg时均达到最大.可知，龙葵对土壤Cd污染具有良好的耐受性和吸收、富集能力，对低浓度的Cd污染土壤修复效果较好.     

通过种植陆地棉修复土壤中重金属污染的实验研究

对华北平原腹地北侧的廊坊市境内土壤陆地棉(G. hirsutum L.)系统调查、采样和分析结果发现:陆地棉能有效地将土壤耕作层中IB族重金属元素(Cu、Ag和Au)吸附并富集于其植株之中,即陆地棉根系、茎杆、果壳、籽粒和纤维对土壤耕作层中Cu的生物吸收系数A在1.53～6.57之间,对Ag的生物吸收系数在2.005～19.834之间,对Au的生物吸收系数在0.882～2.672之间;通过种植陆地棉萃取土壤中IB族元素,解决了当前土壤重金属污染的植物修复技术所面临的生物量少、难以商业化和大面积推广、易使土壤中重金属重新进入区域生态系统食物链等问题,从而形成了具有经济、社会和环境效益的土壤重金属污染修复的实用技术;总结得出了土壤重金属污染修复的一些原则和机制.     

EDTA对Cd及Cd-Mn复合污染处理下藜生长的影响

采用盆栽实验方法,研究了在Cd及Cd-Mn复合污染土壤中添加EDTA对藜生长的影响以及对Cd的转运和富集作用.结果表明:单一Cd污染处理下最佳的EDTA添加水平为2.5mmol.kg-1,Cd-Mn复合污染处理下EDTA的添加水平为5.0mmol.kg-1,这时EDTA可以促进藜地下部分的重金属元素向地上部分迁移,藜地上部分含Cd量分别是对照值的1.8倍、3.7倍,同时对Cd的富集系数也有明显提高.     

潮褐土镉锌复合污染对小白菜生长的影响

采用盆栽的试验方法,运用正交设计,研究了潮褐土区域土壤重金属Cd、Zn复合污染对小白菜生长的影响.结果表明,重金属Cd单因素处理时,Cd的添加浓度在0～5mg·kg-1范围内时小白菜呈增产趋势,大于5mg·kg-1时呈减产趋势,浓度与产量极显著相关,相关系数为0.8804;潮褐土区域小白菜最大生长量时Cd添加浓度为1mg·kg-1.重金属Zn单因素处理时,Zn的添加浓度在0～760mg·kg-1范围内时小白菜呈增产趋势,大于760mg·kg-1时呈减产趋势,浓度与产量极显著相关,相关系数为0.9823;潮褐土区域小白菜最大生长量时Zn添加浓度为380mg·kg-1.随着Cd、Zn添加量的增大,小白菜吸收Cd、Zn的量呈极显著线性增大趋势.重金属Cd、Zn复合污染时,Zn对小白菜的产量影响极显著,Cd的影响不显著.Zn在低水平时与Cd对小白菜表现为协同增产作用;Zn在高水平时与Cd对小白菜表现为拮抗减产作用;添加Zn使小白菜对Cd的吸收和添加Cd使小白菜对Zn的吸收均表现出明显的抑制作用.     

锰矿农作物恢复区土壤重金属污染模糊综合评价

对广西八一、荔浦、平乐、全州、板苏和下雷6个锰矿食用农作物恢复区土壤重金属进行含量测定,结果表明,土壤各元素含量为:Pb 41.63～348.31 mg·kg-1、Cr 48.12～287.29 mg·kg-1、Zn 47.38～269.92mg·kg-1、Cu 12.71～138.03 mg·kg-1、Cd 0.73～46.50 mg·kg-1、Mn 676.7～41 996.4 mg·kg-1.Mn和Cd最高含量分别为广西土壤背景值的243倍和754倍.采用模糊综合评价法对土壤重金属进行评价:从单因素决定模型看,恢复区土壤对环境质量三级标准的平均隶属度为0.434～0.981 ;从加权平均模型看,土壤对三级标准的隶属度为0.366～0.974.除下雷矿区外,其余5个锰矿恢复区土壤对三级标准的平均隶属度>0.7,各采样区重污染率为100%;其中,CA含量对三级标准隶属度>0.8,Cd重污染率达100%,是恢复区土壤的首要污染因子.因此,在锰矿废弃地生态恢复初期,应避免采用种植食用农作物恢复模式.     

不同藜蒿种质对重金属铅、镉富集能力的比较分析

铅（Pb）与镉（Cd）是土壤中常见的有害重金属污染物,其中Cd是毒性最强、污染最为严重的重金属元素之一,在自然界往往与Pb伴随出现。Pb与Cd极易蓄积于土壤,难以彻底清除,并可沿食物链“生物放大”引起健康危害。为评估不同种质藜蒿资源修复Pb与Cd污染土壤的潜力,以江汉大学汉南基地种植的78个藜蒿种质资源为材料,通过石墨消解-石墨炉原子吸收光度法来消解,检测其茎叶和根部中重金属Pb与Cd的含量,并加以对比与分析,筛选黎蒿重金属超富集种质和不富集种质,以期通过植物修复技术降低土壤中Pb与Cd污染。研究结果显示：15号种质的根部中重金属Pb与Cd含量均最高,分别达到了0.508、0.293 mg/kg;而6、7、9、67、75号等5个种质茎叶和根部中Pb含量均≤0.02,其含量仅为蔬菜食用标准的1/10。生物富集系数（biological concentration factor,BCF）与转移系数（biological transfer factor,BTF）的评价结果表明：15号种质根部中Pb与Cd的BCF分别达到了0.047、1.067,说明该种质Pb与Cd的富集能力最强;而28号种质...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has