纳米Y2O3/TiO2羧甲基纤维素(CMC)负载膜光降解偶氮染料的研究

以钛酸丁酯和硝酸钇为原料,采用Sol-Gel法制备Y3 掺杂TiO2纳米粒子.通过XRD、TEM等手段对纳米粒子的结构进行表征,用PL研究粒子光电性能,并用SEM方法测得羧甲基纤维素膜的形貌和厚度.以水相亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化降解反应为实验模型,考察纳米粒子CMC复合膜的光催化活性.结果表明,复合膜明显提高了染料的降解,达到90%以上,其光降解反应属于表观一级反应动力学.     

Er_(1-x)(Gd,y)_xAl_3(BO_3)_4晶体生长及其光谱特性

采用 Li_2B_4O_7、 K_2M为_3O_(10) 两种助熔剂生长了新型 Er_(1-x)(Gd,y)_xAl_3·(BO_3) _4激光晶体。研究了助熔剂的蒸发特性,测量了它们的蒸发活化能。用x 射线衍射法测量了晶体的结晶温度。详细地测量了该晶体的光谱并给出了Er~(3+)在该晶体中的能级结构图。     

低温强磁场下Er3Ga5O12中Er3+离子基态的理论研究

用量子理论计算了单晶Er3 Ga5 O12（简写为ErGaG）石榴石的Er^3＋离子基态^4I 15／2的基本特性。在晶场作用下，Er^3＋离子的能级是二重简并的，劈裂的能级与晶场系数有关。在外加磁场的作用下，简并态消除，并且随着外磁场的增大，劈裂能级间距也增大。能级与能级之间出现了相互作用。当外磁场为零时，磁化强度为零，体现了ErGaG是顺磁材料。     

光化学沉积法制备掺杂TiO2薄膜

采用光化学沉积法在玻璃上制备了锐钛矿型TiO2和金属铁、铬离子掺杂TiO2薄膜,并采用XRD,SEM,XPS表征了所合成的薄膜.结果表明,掺杂铁离子的TiO2薄膜表面呈现出颗粒状纹路,掺杂铬离子的TiO2薄膜表面呈现网格状纹路.TiO2薄膜的亲水性能随着金属离子的加入而增加.铁离子的加入对TiO2薄膜催化降解甲基橙的能力有所促进,而铬离子的加入对TiO2薄膜催化降解甲基橙的能力没有显著提高.     

Microwave absorption properties of SiC@SiO_2@Fe_3O_4 hybrids in the 2–18 GHz range

To enhance the microwave absorption performance of silicon carbide nanowires(SiCNWs), SiO_2 nanoshells with a thickness of approximately 2 nm and Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles were grown on the surface of SiCNWs to form SiC@SiO_2@Fe_3O_4 hybrids. The microwave absorption performance of the SiC@SiO_2@Fe_3O_4 hybrids with different thicknesses was investigated in the frequency range from 2 to 18 GHz using a free-space antenna-based system. The results indicate that SiC@SiO_2@Fe_3O_4 hybrids exhibit improved microwave absorption. In particular, in the case of an SiC@SiO_2 to iron(III) acetylacetonate mass ratio of 1:3, the microwave absorption with an absorber of 2-mm thickness exhibited a minimum reflection loss of-39.58 d B at 12.24 GHz. With respect to the enhanced microwave absorption mechanism, the Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles coated on SiC@SiO_2 nanowires are proposed to balance the permeability and permittivity of the materials, contributing to the microwave attenuation.     

基于油润滑条件下的纳米单元表面优化作用机理

依据摩擦化学反应和作用模型的建立，研究了油润滑介质中纳米单元表面优化作用机制，认为纳米粒子油润滑表面优化行为是以下途径共同作用的结果：摩擦副表面短程作用力导致摩擦副近表面纳米粒子在表面富集，使表面润滑层(膜)的厚度增加、强度增大；表面富集的部分纳米粒子在摩擦条件下发生摩擦化学反应，生成新的化学转移膜；纳米粒子在摩擦过程中填平、抛光表面等。     

Effect of Al_2O_(3sf) addition on the friction and wear properties of(SiC_p+Al_2O_(3sf))/Al2024 composites fabricated by pressure infiltration

Aluminum(Al) 2024 matrix composites reinforced with alumina short fibers(Al_2O_(3sf)) and silicon carbide particles(SiC_p) as wear-resistant materials were prepared by pressure infiltration in this study. Further, the effect of Al_2O_(3sf) on the friction and wear properties of the as-synthesized composites was systematically investigated, and the relationship between volume fraction and wear mechanism was discussed. The results showed that the addition of Al_2O_(3sf), characterized by the ratio of Al_2O_(3sf) to SiC_p, significantly affected the properties of the composites and resulted in changes in wear mechanisms. When the volume ratio of Al_2O_(3sf) to SiC_p was increased from 0 to 1, the rate of wear mass loss(K_m) and coefficients of friction(COFs) of the composites decreased, and the wear mechanisms were abrasive wear and furrow wear. When the volume ratio was increased from 1 to 3, the COF decreased continuously; however, the K_m increased rapidly and the wear mechanism became adhesive wear.     

Preparation and characterization of PZT thick film enhanced by ZnO nanowhiskers for MEMS piezoelectric generators

A hybrid sol-gel route which was used to fabricate PZT thick film for MEMS piezoelectric generators was investigated. (100)-oriented Pb(Zr_(0.52)Ti_(0.48))O_3 thick films enhanced by ZnO nanowhiskers(ZnO_w) were successfully prepared on Pt/Cr/SiO_2/Si substrates via spin-coating ZnO_w suspension and PZT sol.The influences of film thickness on the microstructure and electrical properties of composite thick film were investigated.XRD results show that PZT composite thick films have(100)-oriented perovskite...     

纳米CeO2的表面改性及其在水介质中的分散性能

采用阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠对纳米CeO₂进行表面修饰,考察了表面改性工艺条件对纳米CeO₂在水介质中粒度分布及Zeta电位的影响,确定了适宜的表面改性工艺条件：改性剂质量浓度60g/L、改性温度25℃、改性时间4h、搅拌速率150r/min,pH 9~11。采用TEM、FT-IR、XRD对改性前后的纳米CeO₂颗粒进行了表征,结果表明改性后纳米CeO₂表面包裹了一层改性剂分子,颗粒在水介质中分散性良好,达到了单分散。此外,采用溶液共混法制备聚乙烯醇（PVA）/ CeO₂纳米复合膜材料,利用UV-Vis分光光度计表征了复合膜材料的光学性能,发现纳米复合膜具有良好的紫外屏蔽性能以及高的可见光透过率,在300~400nm的近紫外光区,复合膜的紫外屏蔽率可达97%,添加5%纳米粒子的复合膜在650nm处的可见光透过率比纯PVA膜降低了3%,保证了复合膜的透明度。     

纳米SiO2-Al2O3聚酰亚胺杂化薄膜的制备及表征

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了二氧化硅及三氧化二铝溶胶,将其掺入聚酰胺酸基体中,得到SiO2-Al2O3聚酰亚胺杂化薄膜,对膜的结构性能进行了研究和表征.结果表明,薄膜材料中SiO2和Al2O3粒子分散均匀,与有机相存在键合,材料热分解温度有所提高.     

纳米光学功能材料Gd2O3:Tb3+的反相微乳合成及发光性能

采用反相微乳液法合成Gd2O3：Tb^3 纳米粒子，对其晶体结构、发光性能和最佳发光离子浓度进行了研究，并且与草酸盐共沉淀法制得的Gd2O3：Tb^3 相比，结果表明，其粒径减小，晶体形成温度降低了近100℃．     

α-Fe_2O_3/ZnFe_2O_4复合薄膜光生电荷分离与光电性质研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法分别制备出α-Fe_2O_3和Zn Fe2O_4两种胶体,在ITO透明导电玻璃上制备成不同厚度配比的α-Fe_2O_3/ZnFe_2O_4异质结.XRD检测结果表明,复合薄膜两种组分都达到了良好的结晶状态;而且,各复合薄膜体系都呈现出了异质结复合结构的光吸收特性,但光吸收性质差异不明显.稳态表面光电压谱测试结果表明,两组分的厚度分别在1.3μm(α-Fe_2O_3)和1.8μm(ZnFe_2O_4)时达到最佳光伏响应强度.在正的外电场诱导下,组分厚度分别为1.3μm(α-Fe_2O_3)和1.8μm(Zn Fe_2O_4)的复合薄膜具有更为优越的光伏响应特性.     

纳米Co_3O_4的制备及其在富氢气氛下CO选择氧化反应中的催化性能

过渡金属氧化物四氧化三钴(Co_3O_4)在CO氧化反应中展示了较好的低温活性.Co_3O_4催化剂用于富氢气氛下CO选择氧化反应已引起了人们极大的关注,具有潜在的应用前景.采用液相沉淀-热解氧化方法制备了2种不同形貌的纳米Co_3O_4.用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等技术考察了包括沉淀剂种类、老化时间、焙烧温度等合成条件对生成Co_3O_4形貌、晶粒尺度的影响.制备的Co_3O_4的外形与沉淀前驱物外形直接相关.焙烧温度越高,Co_3O_4的颗粒越大.研究了制得的Co_3O_4在富氢气氛下CO选择氧化反应中的催化性能.对比以上方法制备的Co_3O_4的催化性能发现,催化剂的粒径和比表面积与催化剂的活性存在关联.使用尿素沉淀法并经250～300℃空气热解氧化制得的Co_3O_4具有较好的催化活性.     

Comparison between the surface defects caused by Al_2O_3 and TiN inclusions in interstitial-free steel auto sheets

Al_2O_3 and TiN inclusions in interstitial-free(IF) steel deteriorate the properties of the steel. To decrease the defects of cold-rolled sheet, it is important to clearly distinguish between the degrees of damage caused by these two inclusions on the surface quality of the steel. In this study, a nanoindenter was used to test the mechanical properties of the inclusions, and the distribution and size of the inclusions were obtained by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). It was found that when only mechanical properties are considered, TiN inclusions are more likely to cause defects than Al_2O_3 inclusions of the same size during the rolling process. However, Al_2O_3 inclusions are generally more inclined to cause defects in the rolling process than TiN inclusions because of their distribution characteristic in the thickness direction. The precipitation of Al_2O_3 and TiN was obtained through thermodynamical calculations. The growth laws of inclusions at different cooling rates were calculated by solidification and segregation models. The results show that the precipitation regularity is closely related to the distribution law of the inclusions in IF slabs along the thickness direction.     

Biodegradable starch/poly (vinyl alcohol) film reinforced with titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Biodegradable starch/poly (vinyl alcohol)/nano-titanium dioxide (ST/PVA/nano-TiO₂) nanocomposite films were prepared via a solution casting method. Their biodegradability, mechanical properties, and thermal properties were also studied in this paper. A general full factorial experimental approach was used to determine effective parameters on the mechanical properties of the prepared films. ST/PVA/TiO₂ nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of mechanical analysis show that ST/PVA films with higher contents of PVA have much better mechanical properties. In thermal analysis, it is found that the addition of TiO₂ nanoparticles improves the thermal stability of the films. SEM micrographs, taken from the fracture surface of samples, illustrate that the addition of PVA makes the film softer and more flexible. The results of soil burial biodegradation indicate that the biodegradability of ST/PVA/TiO₂ films strongly depends on the starch proportion in the film matrix. The degradation rate is increased by the addition of starch in the films.     

纳米SiC增强铝合金表面阳极氧化膜的组织与性能

以硫酸、草酸、氨基磺酸为基础电解液,分别添加3,8,12,15 g/L的纳米SiC颗粒,利用直流氧化电源在优化的复合共沉积工艺参数下,在2024铝合金表面制备纳米SiC增强的硬质阳极氧化膜.结果表明:纳米SiC颗粒弥散分布在阳极氧化膜中,形成了纳米颗粒增强的硬质Al2O3氧化膜组织结构;随着纳米SiC添加量的增加,膜的厚度由没有添加纳米SiC颗粒的42μm增加到了48μm;当SiC的添加量为12 g/L时,氧化膜的硬度最高而磨耗最低,硬度由没有添加纳米颗粒样品的400 HV左右提高到了440 HV,磨损量由25 mg降到8 mg;纳米SiC在阳极氧化过程中,通过机械夹杂、吸附作用等形式进入膜层...     

磁性Fe3O4明胶复合纳米粒子的制备与表征

用化学共沉淀法制备磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子,然后用异丙醇为凝聚剂采用单凝聚法制备磁性Fe3O4明胶复合纳米粒子。考察了明胶浓度与异丙醇的体积以及Fe3O4含量对粒径分布及性能的关系。采用透射电子显微镜和Zetasizer粒度分析仪测量磁性明胶复合纳米粒子的平均粒径,X射线衍射仪和红外光谱以及热重及差热分析进行结构和热稳定分析。结果表明磁性Fe3O4明胶复合纳米粒子中的Fe3O4纳米粒子被明胶所包覆,而且粒径很小,具有良好的热稳定性。     

Effect of sintering temperature on the physical properties and electrical contact properties of doped AgSnO_2 contact materials

AgSnO_ 2 electrical contact materials doped with Bi_2O_3,La_2O_3,and TiO_2 were successfully fabricated by the powder metallurgy method under different initial sintering temperatures.The electrical conductivity,density,hardness,and contact resistance of the Ag Sn O_2/Bi_2O_3,AgSnO_2/La_2O_3,and AgSnO_2/Ti O_2 contact materials were measured and analyzed.The arc-eroded surface morphologies of the doped AgSnO_2 contact materials were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The effects of the initial sintering temperature on the physical properties and electrical contact properties of the doped AgSnO_2 contact materials were discussed.The results indicate that the physical properties can be improved and the contact resistance of the AgSnO_2 contact materials can be substantially reduced when the materials are sintered under their optimal initial sintering temperatures.     

Co/Al2O3/FeNi隧道结的中间层厚度对其输运特性的影响

制备了不同Al2O3厚度的Co／Al2O3／FeNi隧道结，并在77K温度下测量了其输运特性。发现随着厚度的增加，TMR下降。但是当Al2O3厚度降为2nm时，磁电阻不再出现典型的双峰曲线，而是呈现高阻和低阻两个状态。测量了隧道结的TMR随外加电压的变化、伏安特性曲线、电阻随温度的变化曲线，综合所有因素，在文中制备条件下，Al2O3厚度为4nm时，隧道结性能最好。     

干摩擦条件下金刚石复合膜摩擦学性能

在干摩擦条件下利用 SRV磨损试验机比较了在硬质合金基体上金刚石薄膜、石墨 /金刚石复合膜以及硬质合金 3种试样的摩擦学性能。利用扫描电子显微镜观察了试样和磨痕的表面形貌。利用表面形貌仪测试了磨损体积。研究了振动频率对试样的摩擦学性能影响。结果表明 ,在干摩擦条件下 ,金刚石薄膜与石墨 /金刚石复合膜的摩擦学性能差别不大 ,二者的磨损机理均为微断裂磨损。在干摩擦条件下 ,高频时金刚石薄膜的耐磨性是硬质合金耐磨性的 8～ 10倍 ,其原因是硬质合金的磨损机理存在着从粘着磨损到微断裂磨损的转变