熔体静电纺丝制备聚乳酸纤维的吸油性能研究

利用熔体静电纺丝制备聚乳酸（PLA）超细纤维,并添加蔗糖脂肪酸酯（SE）细化电纺纤维减少降解率。对纤维进行扫描电子显微镜、接触角、吸油倍率和油水选择性等表征测试,结果表明,PLA/SE纤维平均直径最细达到173μm,对水接触角在135°~140°;纯PLA纤维对机油、原油、柴油、花生油的吸附倍率分别为99、72、56和66g/g,而PLA/SE纤维对这些油品的吸油倍率分别为129、98、63和87g/g,明显高于纯PLA纤维;PLA/SE纤维的油水吸附选择性高达1000倍,同时具有良好的浮力和一定的可重复使用性;另外,温度对纤维的吸油倍率也有一定影响。     

PLA／ATBC增塑改性体系结晶热性能及耐老化性能的研究

采用熔融共混法,以乙酰柠檬酸三正丁酯（ATBC）作为增塑剂,对聚乳酸（PLA）进行增塑改性,讨论了增塑剂用量对改性PLA结晶热性能及耐老化性能的影响．研究发现：当增塑剂ATBC含量增加时,改性PLA中存在β晶型向α晶型的转变,增塑剂的加入可以使改性PLA的熔点（Tm）、玻璃化转变温度（Tg）降低,结晶度增加;起始热分解温度（Te）和最大热分解温度（Ti）增加,热稳定性变好;增塑剂ATBC的加入可以很好的改善PLA的柔韧性,且当ω（ATBC）为20份时,改性PLA的拉伸屈服强度、直角撕裂强度分别为30．16MPa和119．29kN／m,断裂伸长率增加至380．65%,增塑改性效果最好,即使是在自然条件下老化一年后,其综合力学性能仍可以满足一般产品的要求．     

PP/PLA盆底复合补片的制备与性能

以医用聚乳酸(PLA)切片为原料,采用静电纺丝技术制备PLA纤维膜,然后将其作为隔离层直接喷到两种不同的聚丙烯(PP)经编网眼结构网片上,制备PP/PLA盆底复合补片.对PP/PLA复合补片的表观形态、纤维直径、孔径、亲水性、断裂强力,以及PLA纤维膜与PP补片间的剥离强度进行试验研究.试验结果表明:复合补片中PLA纤维的直径较均匀,PP网片的结构对静电纺纤维膜的形态有很大影响,纤维膜趋于模仿接收网片的形态结构;两种结构的PP/PLA复合补片的水接触角均大于90°,即亲水性较差;PP补片和PLA纤维膜之间的剥离强度主要依靠物理吸附作用;PLA纤维膜的断裂强度较大、而断裂伸长率较小.     

熔融电纺制备PE/PP共混纤维

针对聚乙烯（PE）与聚丙烯（PP）共混体系熔融电纺，研究了PE／PP的质量比和接收距离对熔融电纺纤维形貌和直径的影响．结果表明，稀释剂的作用使电纺PE／PP纤维的表面较为粗糙，提高接收速度有助于减少粗糙程度，也可使纤维直径下降．差示扫描量热测试结果表明，电纺PE／PP纤维中PE和PP的结晶程度随PE／PP质量比的不同而变化较大．由于不使用溶剂，熔融电纺可望成为超细纤维形成的实用方法．     

双组分纤维混纺纱强伸性能的研究

从双组分纤维纯纺纱的拉伸性能和断裂过程出发，对双组分纤维的混纺纱的断裂特性进行了分析，建立了双组分纤维混纺纱的伸长率与各组分纤维本身的拉伸性能，混纺比之间的理论关系式，并用几种双组分纤维及其混纺纱的实验拉伸结果与所推出的理论关系式做了验证对比，证明所建立的理论关系式是可靠的。该式对于预测混纺纱的拉伸性能，从而正确选择混纺纤维及其混纺比有理论指导意义。     

涤纶纤维结晶度测试方法的比较研究

利用差示扫描量热（DSC）法，X射线衍射法和密度梯度法等3种常用的结晶度测试方法，测量了涤纶多异混纤丝和异形截面丝经不同热处理工艺处理后所得试样的结晶度．测试结果表明，随着热处理温度的提高，不同方法所测得的两种涤纶长丝纱的结晶度均呈上升趋势；不同方法所得同一样品的结晶度明显不同，甚至对于X衍射法而言，经验法和计算机分峰处理结果也不同．同一样品的计算机分峰法结晶度小于密度梯度法结晶度．     

链状纤维增强热塑性聚合物复合材料的界面特性研究

设计制备了一种呈链条链节规则分布的“链状”异形聚酰胺纤维,以聚丙烯为基体,通过单丝拔出实验来研究链状异形纤维的形态对纤维与基体界面性能的影响。与普通的平直纤维相比,埋入不同长度链状纤维的试样的单丝拔出过程出现了一些有趣的现象,其应力-位移曲线上出现了多个峰,而且峰的数目与所埋入纤维的链节数目相对应。通过对单丝拔出实验和拔出功的比较,初步证明了链状纤维可以同时提高弱界面结合的纤维增强树脂基复合材料的强度和韧性。     

废弃PP纤维再生混凝土基本力学性能试验

目的 针对纤维体积掺量、长径比、再生骨料取代率等因素,探究废弃PP纤维对再生混凝土力学性能的影响,提高废弃纤维利用率。方法 以废弃PP打包带制成不同长径比的纤维作为筋材,以不同体积掺量与不同再生骨料取代率的再生混凝土混合制成11组废弃PP纤维再生混凝土试块,对其进行抗压和抗拉试验。结果 立方体抗压、抗拉强度最佳时的废弃PP纤维体积掺量为1.5%,长径比为47.85;废弃PP纤维再生混凝土的立方体抗压、抗拉强度与再生骨料取代率有关,其强度与再生骨料取代率近似呈线性关系。结论 废弃PP纤维的掺入可以提高再生混凝土的立方体抗压强度和抗拉强度。     

纤维及工艺对高膨松性非织造布性能的影响

采用双组分热熔聚酯纤维粘合法制得高膨松性非织造布，讨论了所用纤维性能及加工工艺参数对非织造布力学性能的影响，并探讨了利用双组分热熔纤维粘合法生产非织造的工艺参数的选择，结果表明对于皮层熔点低的双组分纤维其加工温度范围较宽，而对皮层熔点高的双组分纤维最佳加工温度约比其多１５℃。     

几种高性能纤维热收缩性能的对比研究

对芳香族聚酰胺纤维（芳纶），高强聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维，高强聚乙烯（PE）纤维的热收缩性能进行测试研究，从纤维内部结构分析这3种纤维不同的热收缩特性，并讨论这3种纤维作为橡胶骨架材料的适用性。     

Studies on Melt Spinning of Sheath-Core Bicomponent Fibers: Fundamental Equations on the Dynamics of Melt Spinning

An attempt was made to numerically compute the temperature profile within the melt spinning of sheath-core bicomponent fibers by deriving a set of simultaneous partial differential equations. The effects of acceleration, gravity, and air friction on the kinetics of the polymer were included and the upper-convected Maxwell model as the constitutive equation was adopted in this model. The sheath-core bicomponent fibers were partitioned into a serial of circular cross section and it is assumed that each circular cross section has a temperature gradient while conducting the equation of energy balance. A mathematical model was developed to describe the melt spinning of sheath-core bicomponent fibers.     

不同黏度聚丙烯流动性能及其皮芯型纺黏纤维

研究了不同黏度聚丙烯熔体的表观黏度与切变速率、温度之间的关系,并比较了不同黏度聚丙烯熔体制得的皮芯型纺黏纤维的力学性能和结构。结果表明:随着温度的升高,黏度越大的聚丙烯熔体的表观黏度减小速率越快;随着切变速率的加快,熔体的表观黏度不断减小。在相同的纺黏工艺条件下,低黏度的聚丙烯熔体制得的皮芯型纤维更细,断裂强度更小;与机械牵伸工艺相比,聚丙烯复合纤维的解取向程度改变不明显,黏度越小的聚丙烯复合纤维取向度和结晶度越大。采用不同黏度聚丙烯熔体制备的皮芯型纺黏纤维,仅部分纤维截面会呈现皮芯型结构。     

Research on Flax Fiber Reinforced Polylactide Environmental Friendly Composite

Biodegradable polylactide acid （PLA） resin can be combined with flax fibers to produce biodegradable composite materials. In our study, commercial PLA fibers were mixed with flax fibers by a non-woven method so as to make non- woven pre-forms, which can be generated into flax fiber reinforced PLA environmental friendly composites by heat pressing technology. The tensile, flexural and impact properties are tested in order to evaluate the basic physical properties of the composites, and the influenced factors listed as making technology of the pre-forms, weight ratio of flax fibers and heat pressing technology are discussed and optimized, which can be described as weight ratio of flax fibers and PLA fibers is 50/50, heating temperature, time and pressure are respectively 195℃, 20 rain and 12.5 Mpa. Preliminary results show that mechanical properties of the flax/PLA composites are quite promising compared with flax/PP composites in coclrnon commercial automotive use. Scanning electron microscope （SEM） is used to analyze the tensile specimen fracture surfaces, which shows voids and gaps occurring between flax fibers and PLA matrix and sign of fiber pull.out, the strength of flax/PLA interface can be further improved.     

Influence of Fiber Properties and Processing Parameters on Properties of Highloft Nonwoven Bonded by Bicomponent Polyester Fibers

Highloft nonwoven was produced by heat bonding of bicomponent polyester fibers. The effect of fiber properties and processing parameters on the mechanical properties of the nonwoven was investigated. The heat bonding processing parameters for the nonwoven were optimized. The results show that the range of processing temperature is wider while the shell melting point of the bicomponent fibers (Tml) is lower. The best processing temperature is about 15℃ higher than Tml while the shell melting point (Tml) is higher.     

核壳胶粒增韧改性聚丙烯研究Ⅰ.反应共混

以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝改性聚丙烯（ＰＰｇＧＭＡ）作为界面改性剂,采用粒径可控的反应性核壳胶粒与ＰＰ进行反应共混,研究了反应共混物的结构与性质．用化学分离结合光谱表征的方法,对熔融共混时发生的原位反应进行了表征;以共混物平衡扭矩为参数考察了界面改性剂对共混物熔体扭矩的影响;用示差扫描量热法（ＤＳＣ）研究了共混物中ＰＰ的结晶行为．结果表明,红外谱图上１　４９３ ｃｍ － １及２　７００～３　０００ ｃｍ － １处的吸收峰可用于共混反应的鉴定;与非反应共混相比,反应共混使熔体的平衡扭矩升高;ＰＰｇＧＭＡ对ＰＰ结晶有促进作用,反应共混物中ＰＰ结晶温度的升高可归结为ＰＰｇＧＭＡ与核壳胶粒在促进ＰＰ结晶方面所表现出的协同作用     

Melt rheology of poly (lactic acid) plasticized by epoxidized soybean oil

This study investigated that epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was blended as plasticizer with poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and its effects on the melt rheological properties, such as melt flow index, apparent shear viscosity, and melt strength of the blends. PLA was blended by the twin-screw plastic extruder at five mass fractions: 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15% (based on PLA mass). Melt flow index (MFI) was examined with a melt flow indexer. The results indicate that the blends of PLA/ESO had higher MFI than pure PLA, except for MFI at 9% reaching to the lowest point, even lower than that of pure PLA. Melt rheological properties were studied by a capillary rheometer in a temperature range of 160–180 °C. The blends ends exhibited shear-thinning behavior and the apparent shear viscosity was well described by the power law in this shear rate region. The melt strength of PLA plasticized with 6% ESO reached the maximums. ESO was more effective in increasing the melt strength at the mass fractions less than 6%, which could toughen the blends to some extent. Therefore, the authors suggested the optimum addition level of 6%–9% ESO will get good melt rheological performance balance. Biography: XU Yuqiong (1974–), female, Ph.D., research direction: polymer composites.     

STUDIES ON THE CRIMP BEHAVIOR OF SIDE-BY-SIDE BICOMPONENT POLYAMIDE FIBERS

The supermolecular structure and mechanical properties as well as the crimp behavior of theside-by-side polyamide (PA 66-C710) fibers are studied by means of density gradient method,sonic measurement,X-ray,diffractometry,differential scanning calorimetry,crimp tester etc.fortheir as-spun fibers,drawn fibers,and boiling-water treated fibers.The effects of the processingand treatment conditions on the formation of the supermolecular structure and the crimp behaviorof the fibers are investigated and discussed in detail,also the crimp mechanism of the side-by-sidebicomponent fibers is proposed.From these results,it is shown that by adopting suitable spinningfinish,reasonable processing technology and optimal heat treatment conditions the side-by-sidebicomponent polyamide fibers with excellent crimp property,close to that of nylon texturizedstretch yarns,can be obtained.     

聚丙烯与聚酯共混物的流变性能研究

本文对聚丙烯(PP)与阳离子可染聚酯(CDPET)在组成为97/3,95/5,90/10、85/15和80/20以及与对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)组成为90/10共混物的流变行为、共混物形态结构与流变性质的关系作了研究。结果表明,PP与CDPET、PBT的共混物熔体均为切力变稀的幂律流体。共混物PP/CDPET熔体表观粘度对剪切速率的依赖性比PP/PBT小,而对温度的依赖性则比PP/PBT大。PP/CDPET共混物随着第二组分含量的变化其表现粘度在5(质量)％时出现极大值,这与共混物熔体中分散相的形态结构物有关;CDPET百分含量越大,PP/CDPET共混物熔体粘度对温度越敏感。     

马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯的固相合成以及酸酐含量的测定

增加聚丙烯 (PP)极性的方法很多 ,最常用的是熔体接枝法 ,但是它的最大缺点是无法得到高接枝率的极性 PP。该文研究了马来酸酐 (MAH )固相接枝 PP的方法 ,通过对反应方法的优化得到了接枝率较高的 MAH接枝 PP。与通常采用的熔体接枝法进行对比 ,固相接枝法是一种有效的得到高接枝率 MAH功能化 PP的方法。分析了 MAH固相接枝PP产品中酸酐含量 ,将滴定法和红外分光光度法结合 ,通过线性拟合得到了定量分析测定酸酐含量的工作曲线与公式 ,可用于快捷表征酸酐功能化聚丙烯中的酸酐含量