丁二酮肟-氧化剂型无毒浸金剂的浸出性能研究

用分子设计理论提出了一类新型浸金剂 ,它由丁二酮肟和某种氧化剂构成 ,具有无毒害和化学稳定性好的特点 ,实验结果表明 :1)丁二酮肟能与许多氧化剂尤其是高锰酸钾组合成高效浸金剂 ;2 )在丁二酮肟 -高锰酸钾浸出体系中 ,适宜的Ox/Lig(氧化剂与金络剂分子比 )比值范围为 0 .2 5～ 0 .50 ,最佳范围为 0 .30～0 .4 0 ;3)丁二酮肟 -高锰酸钾浸出体系的操作pH范围为 8～ 10 ;4 )与氰化物相比 ,丁二酮肟的浸出率与它相当但浸出速度明显快很多 ;5)从含丁二酮肟的浸出贵液中回收金既可采用炭吸附法也可采用锌置换法 图1,表 5,参 9     

Recovery of gold from refractory gold ores: Effect of pyrite on the stability of the thiourea leaching system

The extraction of gold from refractory gold ores(RGOs) without side reactions is an extremely promising endeavor. However, most RGOs contain large amounts of sulfide, such as pyrite. Thus, investigation of the influence of sulfide on the gold leaching process is important to maximize the utilization of RGOs. In this work, the effects of pyrite on the stability of the thiourea system were systematically investigated under different conditions. Results showed that the decomposition rate of thiourea was accelerated sharply in the presence of pyrite. The effect of pyrite on gold recovery in thiourea leaching systems was then confirmed via a series of experiments. The decomposition efficiency of thiourea decreased by 40% and the recovery efficiency of gold increased by 56% after the removal of sulfide by roasting. Under optimal conditions, the efficiency of the gold recovery system increased to 83.69% and only 57.92% of thiourea decomposition was observed. The high consumption of thiourea by the leaching system may be attributed to not only adsorption by mineral particles but also catalytic decomposition by some impurities in the ores, such as pyrite and soluble ferric oxide.     

从难处理金矿中回收金:黄铁矿对硫脲浸金体系稳定性的影响

The extraction of gold from refractory gold ores (RGOs) without side reactions is an extremely promising endeavor. However, most RGOs contain large amounts of sulfide, such as pyrite. Thus, investigation of the influence of sulfide on the gold leaching process is important to maximize the utilization of RGOs. In this work, the effects of pyrite on the stability of the thiourea system were systematically investigated under different conditions. Results showed that the decomposition rate of thiourea was accelerated sharply in the presence of pyrite. The effect of pyrite on gold recovery in thiourea leaching systems was then confirmed via a series of experiments. The decomposition efficiency of thiourea decreased by 40% and the recovery efficiency of gold increased by 56% after the removal of sulfide by roasting. Under optimal conditions, the efficiency of the gold recovery system increased to 83.69% and only 57.92% of thiourea decomposition was observed. The high consumption of thiourea by the leaching system may be attributed to not only adsorption by mineral particles but also catalytic decomposition by some impurities in the ores, such as pyrite and soluble ferric oxide.     

黑铜泥综合回收工艺研究

以黑铜泥为原料,分别以硫化钠浸出法、酸浸法、碱浸-硫浸联合法进行黑铜泥综合回收的实验研究.结果表明:硫化钠浸出法与酸浸法均不易实现黑铜泥中Cu、As、Sb的有效分离,而碱浸-硫浸联合法的分离效果较好,在NaOH物质的量浓度1mol/L、液固比为10∶1、反应时间为6h、温度80℃的条件下,黑铜泥中As的浸出率为92%,Cu、Sb的浸出率均低于3%.碱浸渣中的As、Sb采用硫化钠浸出,对硫浸液进行氧化处理可获得砷酸钠和锑酸钠产品.     

N235协同萃取碱性氰化浸金溶液中的金(I)

由N235与路易斯碱三辛基氧膦(TOPO)组成协同萃取体系,对碱性氰化浸金贵液中金(I)协同萃取和反萃进行了研究.研究了有机相中N235含量、水相平衡pH、相比等因素对金(I)萃取率的影响,考察了反萃液中氢氧化钠液浓度对负载金有机相的反萃效果.结果表明,采用有机相为10%+10%协萃剂TOPO+80%煤油的协萃体系,对pH=9~10和初始金(I)质量浓度ρO=10.87 mg/L碱性氰化浸金贵液进行萃取时,经一级萃取后,萃取率可高达98%左右;同时,采用0.05~0.1 mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液可对负载有机相进行反萃,反萃率达到91%以上.     

Comprehensive recovery of gold and base-metal sulfide minerals from a low-grade refractory ore

The comprehensive recovery of small amounts of valuable minerals such as gold and base-metal sulfide minerals from a low-grade refractory ore was investigated. The following treatment strategy was applied to a sample of this ore: gold flotation–gold concentrate leaching–lead and zinc flotation from the gold concentrate leaching residue. Closed-circuit trials of gold flotation yielded a gold concentrate that assayed at 40.23 g·t-1 Au with a recovery of 86.25%. The gold concentrate leaching rate was 98.76%. Two variants of lead-zinc flotation from the residue—preferential flotation of lead and zinc and bulk flotation of lead and zinc—were tested using the middling processing method. Foam from the reflotation was returned to the lead rougher flotation or lead–zinc bulk flotation, whereas middlings from reflotation were discarded. Sulfur concentrate was a byproduct. The combined strategy of flotation, leaching, and flotation is recommended for the treatment of this kind of ore.     

金银铜多金属黄铁矿烧渣综合回收试验研究

根据黄铁矿烧渣的物理、化学性质特征,完成了多金属综合回收试验.结果表明:烧渣组成以氧化铁为主,并含有贵金属及有色金属,部分金、银、铜包裹于黄铁矿等硫化物中,而锌主要以铁酸锌形式存在.对烧渣进行氰化浸出,在试样未磨情况下,采用石灰调节矿浆pH=10～11、矿浆浓度35%、浸出时间24 h、氰化钠耗量6 kg.t-1的试验条件,可以获得金、银浸出率分别为67.25%、60.08%;采用浮选法处理烧渣可获得金品位8.66 g.t-1、回收率为37.82%的浮选产品,其中银品位和回收率分别为100.3 g.t-1、20.26%;对浮选尾矿直接进行氰化浸出,可获得金、银浸出率分别为96.85%、70.08%.     

多硫化钠浸金研究

本文中研究了用多硫化钠作浸出剂浸出锑锍中的金。根据实验和理论分析,认为多硫化物浸金具有如下反应: 6Au 2S~(2-) S_4~(2-)=6AuS~- 8Au 3S~(2-) S_5~(2-)=8AuS~- 6Au 2HS~- 2OH~- S_4~(2-)=6AuS~- 2H_2O 8Au 3HS~- 3OH~- S_5~(2-)=8AuS~- 3H_2O考察了粒度、温度、硫化钠用量、加硫量、氢氧化钠浓度、液固比、时间等因素对金浸出率的影响。在研究所得的最佳条件下,金的浸出率稳定在93％以上。     

浸矿剂浓度对稀土浸取效果的影响

混合岩离子型稀土矿床在赣南分布广泛,其结构构造及稀土配分与花岗岩存在差异性。就浸取效果对赣南某混合岩型离子型稀土矿的浸取浓度做了柱浸试验,并且对不同浓度浸矿剂所需的浸矿时间及所浸出的母液浓度等浸取效果进行对比分析,以期给该矿山的稀土回收提供技术参考。     

硫代硫酸盐从金精矿中提金新工艺的研究

采用硫代硫酸盐从朝阳地区金精矿中提出金银，金银浸出率可达９７％和４５％，浸出周期仅为常规氰化法的１／３，并研究了硫代硫铵浓度，添加剂。浸出温度，浸出时间，液固比，粒度等因素对浸出率的影响。     

硫脲法浸取硫化金矿的工艺改进研究

本文研究了硫脲法浸取硫化金矿的最佳条件、回收方法和硫脲的循环使用等问题。原矿经磨细,焙烧,用稀酸预浸出铜后,在常温,硫脲浓度１０克／斤,硫酸铁浓度３．３克／升,ｐＨ值为１－２条件下,浸取两小时可以得到接近１００％的浸取率。选用钢屑回收浸取液中的金,回收率大于９６％,且硫脲不受损失。实验发现,硫脲可以多次循环使用,这样可以部分解决硫脲法浸金过程中硫脲消耗量大的问题。     

含砷低品位硫化铜矿生物柱浸实验

介绍了含砷低品位硫化铜矿柱浸实验研究方法、装置和结果.实验在八根有机玻璃柱浸系统中进行,考察了细菌种类、矿石粒度、供氧条件及浸出周期等参数对浸出率的影响.结果表明,在-12mm粒度下,采用Z08090-O菌株浸出,浸出167d,铜浸出率为80.75%.对含大量黄铁矿且耗酸脉石少的矿石,酸的累积降低了采用普通驯化浸矿菌的铜浸出率,但采用激光诱变获得的耐低pH值浸矿菌,能够保持高效的铜浸出率.     

Enrichment of copper and recycling of cyanide from copper–cyanide waste by solvent extraction

The enrichment of copper from copper–cyanide wastewater by solvent extraction was investigated using a quaternary ammonium salt as an extractant. The influences of important parameters, e.g., organic-phase components, aqueous pH values, temperature, inorganic anion impurities, CN/Cu molar ratio, and stripping reagents, were examined systematically, and the optimal conditions were determined. The results indicated that copper was effectively concentrated from low-concentration solutions using Aliquat 336 and that the extraction efficiency increased linearly with increasing temperature. The aqueous pH value and concentrations of inorganic anion impurities only weakly affected the extraction process when varied in appropriate ranges. The CN/Cu molar ratio affected the extraction efficiency by changing the distribution of copper–cyanide complexes. The difference in gold leaching efficiency between using raffinate and fresh water was negligible.     

硫氧混合铅锌矿中锌的氧化氨浸动力学

常压低温条件下在NH3-(NH4)2 SO4体系中使用过硫酸铵作为氧化剂对硫氧混合铅锌矿中的锌进行浸出实验,系统研究了搅拌速度、浸出剂浓度、氧化剂浓度与温度对于锌浸出率的影响.结果表明,在最优条件下锌的浸出率可达93.2%,且浸出过程中几乎没有其他离子进入溶液,实现了锌的选择性高效浸出,从而简化了后续的浸出液净化与材料制备过程.动力学研究表明,硫氧混合铅锌矿中锌的氧化氨浸过程遵循固体产物层扩散控制的未反应核收缩模型,浸出反应的表观活化能为17.89 kJ·mol-1.     

New insights into the extraction of invisible gold in a low-grade high-sulfur Carlin-type gold concentrate by bio-pretreatment

To extract gold from a low-grade (13.43 g/t) and high-sulfur (39.94wt% sulfide sulfur) Carlin-type gold concentrate from the Nibao deposit, Guizhou, a bio-pretreatment followed by carbon-in-pulp (CIP) cyanide leaching process was used. Various methods were used to detect the low-grade gold in the concentrate; however, only time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) was successful. With bio-pretreatment, the gold recovery rate increased by approximately 70.16% compared with that obtained by direct cyanide leaching of the concentrate. Various attempts were made to increase the final gold recovery rate. However, approximately 20wt% of the gold was non-extractable. To determine the nature of this non-extractable gold, mineralogy liberation analysis (MLA), formation of secondary product during the bio-pretreatment, and the preg-robbing capacity of the carbonaceous matter in the ore were investigated. The results indicated that at least four factors affected the gold recovery rate:gold occurrence, tight junctions of gold-bearing pyrite with gangue minerals, jarosite coating of the ore, and the carbonaceous matter content.     

碳质卡林型金矿细菌氧化-氰化浸出研究

利用混合嗜酸菌对云南某碳质卡林型金矿进行了细菌氧化和氰化浸出的试验研究.研究表明,该矿直接氰化金的回收率非常低,即使采用碳浆浸出的氰化方法,金的回收率只有129%.细菌氧化工艺可以有效地解决硫化物包裹金的问题,大幅度提高金的浸出率,同时利用活性碳的竞争吸附,可以有效地解决碳质物的“劫金”作用,进一步提高金的回收率.通过细菌氧化-碳浆氰化联合处理工艺,金的回收率达到8239%,同时氰化钠的用量降低4968%,因此细菌氧化-碳浆氰化浸出工艺是处理碳质卡林型金矿的有效方法.     

Cyanidation of gold clay ore containing arsenic and manganese

The extraction process of gold and silver from the gold clay ore containing arsenic and manganese was investigated. With the conventional technique, the leaching rates of gold and silver are 78.23% and 49.02%, respectively. To eliminate the negative effects of arsenic and manganese on cyanidation and increase the gold and silver leaching rates, a novel catalyst was added. The content of the catalyst used in the process was 8 g per 500 g org sample, the sample size was 60 μm and the pH value was kept between 10 and 11. Leaching with the catalyst for 3–5 h under certain conditions, the gold leaching rate increased to over 90% and the silver leaching rate increased to 80%–90%. The catalyst can effectively liberate gold and silver from the enclosure of arsenic and manganese and the industrial experiment has great significance to the development and utilization of the gold clay ore containing arsenic and manganese.     

Deselenization and detellurization of precious-metal ore concentrates by swelling oxidizing roasting and successive alkaline leaching

A new technique of swelling oxidizing roasting and alkaline leaching was proposed for deselenization and detellurization of precious-metal ore concentrates. Alkali-metal and alkaline-earth-metal chlorides and carbonates were preliminarily selected as swelling agents. The roasting removal rate and alkaline leaching rate of selenium and tellurium were investigated, and NaCl was selected as an appropriate swelling agent. Furthermore, the effects of various factors on the selenium gasification rate and leaching rate of selenium and tellurium were investigated. The results show that the selenium gasification rate reaches 88.41% after swelling oxidizing roasting for 2 h at 510℃ using an NaCl dosage coefficient of 100 and a sulfuric acid dosage coefficient of 1.3; the amorphous elemental tellurium is completely transformed into TeO₂. The roasted product is subjected to alkaline leaching using a 100 g/L NaOH solution, which results in a selenium leaching rate of 10.51%, a total selenium removal rate of 98.92%, and a tellurium leaching rate of 97.64%. In the alkaline leaching residue, the contents of selenium, tellurium, gold, platinum, and palladium are 0.7825%, 5.492%, 8.333%, 0.2587%, and 1.113%, respectively; the precious metals are enriched approximately sixfold.     

银金精矿的焙烧条件对焙砂中金银提取的影响

在热分析的基础上对吉林某浮选银精矿的预处理过程进行了研究。研究了焙焙烧温度、焙烧时间奶对金精矿中硫，碳脱除率的影响，着重研究了有添加剂存在时焙烧工艺条件对银精矿焙砂的金银提取性能的影响，并了添剂在硫酸化焙烧过程中的作用。试验结果表明：有添加剂存在时的焙少经稀硫酸预浸，其预浸渣于用硫脲法或氰化法浸金时，其金的浸率将大于９５％，争遥总浸出率也分别达９５％     

Simulation of solute transportation within porous particles during the bioleaching process

A mathematical model, accounting for the sulfuric acid and ferric ions diffusion and the copper sulfide mineral leaching process, was developed for an ore particle by considering its porous structure. It was simulated with the simulation tool COMSOL Multiphysics. The simulation results show that the highest acid and ferric concentrations near the particle surface are apparent, while the concentrations in the central particle increase slightly as the less-porous ore core with low permeability prevents the oxidation from penetrating. The extraction of the mineral near the particle surface is the maximum, mainly because of ample sulfuric acid, ferric ions, bacteria, and oxygen available for the leaching process. Because of low oxidation concentration in the central part of the particle, the reaction rate and copper sulphide conversion are small. The simulation shows good agreement with the experimental results.