氢氧化物表面沉淀在石英浮选中的作用

采用ζ-电位测定、吸附量测定、浮选实验及溶液化学计算,研究了金属离子在石英表面的吸附行为及其对石英表面ζ-电位和浮选行为的影响。结果表明,表面金属氢氧化物沉淀是金属离子在石英表面吸附的活性组分。表面沉淀生成后,石英表面ζ-电位变正,变正的pH值CR2对应于表面沉淀生成的pH值(pH_s),随着pH值的增加,ζ-电位再次变负的pH值CR3对应于氢氧化物固体的PZC_e。用阴离子捕收剂浮选时,CR2≤pH≤CR3是金属离子起活化作用的有效pH范围。用阳离子捕收剂浮选时,则是起抑制作用的有效范围。     

吸入式气浮净化机机械性能研究

在实验室模拟装置上对吸入式气浮净化机的机械性能进行了研究,主要考察了不同形式转子的工作性能、全风压与吸气量的关系、气泡大小、浮选室中流体动力学特性及液体在浮选机中的停留时间分布。研究结果表明,六叶转子优于八叶和四叶转子,全风压与吸气量具有定量关系,转速及气量对气泡大小没有明显影响,浮选定中存在气体通道、液体循环通道、两相混合区、浮选区、泡沫区等几个区域,液体在浮选机中的流动可用停滞区和多釜串联组合流动模型予以表征。     

环流泡沫分离在硫化氢吸收-硫磺回收工艺中的应用

为高效率地脱除H2S液相氧化还原得到的硫磺,开发了气升式二级环流泡沫分离反应器。以含有硫磺的脱硫溶液为模拟体系,测量了气速、表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)质量流量、泡沫相高度和鼓泡相高度比、pH等对硫磺泡沫分离效果的影响。结果表明:低气速有利于泡沫分离;硫磺回收率随表面活性剂SDBS质量流量的增大先增大后基本不变,又随泡沫相和鼓泡相高度比下降而增大;在pH 8~10范围内,分离效果良好。优化条件下,硫磺回收率可达97.43%。     

Modeling cavitation flow of cryogenic fluids with thermodynamic phase-change theory

Cavitation is the formation of vapor bubbles within a liquid where the flow dynamics causes the local static pressure to drop below the vapor pressure. The so-called full cavitation model (FCM) developed by Singhal has been widely used in numerical modeling of the cavitation flow for thermosensible and non-thermosensible fluids. Within the FCM, the bubble size is taken to be equivalent to the maximum possible value to forego the calculation of bubble number density. We developed a new cavitation model by re-calculating the bubble radius in FCM to account for the effects of local pressure. The new model was obtained by combining the thermodynamic phase-change theory and the Young-Laplace equation with the assumption of thermodynamic equilibrium during the cavitation process. The cavitation calculations were performed based on the mathematical framework of the homogeneous equilibrium flow model and the transport-equation-based model for vapor phase mass fraction. The model was validated by modeling the cavitating flow of liquid nitrogen and liquid hydrogen through NASA hydrofoil and Ogive with consideration of the phase-change thermal effects. The temperature and pressure distributions with the new model are found to agree well with data from existing experimental studies, as well as the simulations with the FCM.     

砂岩表面zeta电位与渗流过程的关系

目的 研究储油砂岩表面的zeta电位对油水渗流过程的影响。方法用电渗法测量砂岩表面的zeta电位，用岩心驱替法测渗流过程。结果加入季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂对砂岩表面的电性具有较大的影响，随着阳离子表面活性剂浓度的增加，砂岩表面的负电性逐渐减弱至不带电，最后变为正电。十八烷基三甲基氯化铵驱油实验证明：zeta电位与渗流过程关系密切，零电位时，油的渗流最好，有利于残余油的驱出。结论zeta电位影响着渗流过程，零电位对渗流过程最有利．驱油剂对砂岩表面电性的影响较大。     

烷基羟丙基胺作用下石英和赤铁矿的浮选行为

通过浮选试验研究了新型捕收剂烷基羟丙基胺(NDIA)作用下石英和赤铁矿的浮选行为,并结合量子化学计算和zeta电位分析,考察了该捕收剂在矿物表面的吸附机理.单矿物浮选试验结果表明:当捕收剂用量为33.33 mg/L,p H值为4.50~8.00时,石英的回收率在92%以上,赤铁矿的回收率在50%左右.人工混合矿分选试验结果表明:当捕收剂用量为33.33 mg/L,淀粉用量为13.33 mg/L,p H值为4.50~8.00时,NDIA均可实现石英和赤铁矿的有效分离.量子化学计算结果表明,与十二胺相比,NDIA对石英具有更好的捕收性能.zeta电位测试结果表明:NDIA在石英和赤铁矿表面均发生了吸附,且在石英表面的吸附作用强于赤铁矿.     

矿浆中金属离子对蓝晶石矿物浮选行为的影响

通过蓝晶石、石英及黑云母的浮选实验,研究了金属离子对矿物浮选行为的影响.实验结果表明:Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺显著活化蓝晶石的浮选,Al³⁺及Fe³⁺对蓝晶石及石英表现很强的抑制作用.浮选溶液化学分析表明,Fe³⁺,Al³⁺可以在矿物表面生成Fe(OH)₃和Al(OH)₃,使矿物浮选受到强烈的抑制;Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺由于羟基络合物存在使蓝晶石的零电点向低pH方向发生漂移,使十二胺的静电吸附力增强,起到活化作用.根据波耳兹曼矢量场中的粒子分布理论,通过计算Fe³⁺对矿物作用前后在不同pH条件下液相内部胺离子(RNH⁺₃)浓度、界面层胺离子的浓度以及比例关系来分析金属离子的活化或抑制作用机理.     

菱锌矿／方解石胺浮选溶液化学研究

通过ξ－电位测定、浮选实验和溶液化学计算，研究了菱锌矿／方解石／十二胺体系中的动电行为与浮选行为。结果表明，Ｎａ２Ｓ使菱锌矿ξ－电位更负，十二胺使菱锌矿和方解石ξ－电位更正．低ｐＨ值下，十二胺与碳酸根形成胺盐是其在菱锌矿和方解石表面吸附的主要机理；高ｐＨ值下，锌胺络合物的生成则是胺浮选菱锌矿的机理，由于溶解组分与矿物表面的相互作用，导致矿物表面转化，方解石在菱锌矿澄清液中的动电行为类似于菱锌矿的动电行为，且浮选受到活化；而菱锌矿在方解石澄清液中的浮选受到抑制。     

Modeling and Simulation of a Gas-Liquid Coupling Excitation-Induced Cavitation Bubble

A gas-liquid coupling excitation mode is proposed and the gas-liquid excitation experimental system is developed. Air from pulse generator is mixed with liquid,through which the generated cavitation bubbles can strip contaminants adhered to the pipe inner wall rapidly. The kinematics equation of the bubble inside the hydraulic oil is established and the numerical simulations are carried out. The influential factors such as gas pressure, excitation frequency,initial bubble radius and fluid viscosity are analyzed.The results show that the cavitation will evolve from steady state to transient state with the increasing gas pressure and initial bubble radius. The pulse generator frequency has a slightly effect on the growth of the bubble radius,and the breakup time of the bubble is shortened with the rising frequency. Similarly, the increasing viscosity of liquid has minimal impact on cavitation effect,which can weaken the growth and the collapse of the bubble. Moreover,the temperature inside the cavitation bubble is investigated,indicating that the instantaneous temperature inside the bubble increases with the rising gas pressure. Once the gas pressure is raised to a certain value greater than the fluid static pressure, the instantaneous temperature inside the bubble will rise sharply. So, it can be concluded that the gas-liquid coupling excitation-induced cavitation process is controllable, and some theoretical basis of the new excitation mode is presented,which is expected to be applied in the online cleaning of the complex hydraulic system.     

吸入式气浮净化机脱油浮选动力学研究

在实验室模拟装置上对吸入式气浮净化机的脱油浮选动力学进行了研究,考察了转子转速、气量、油滴粒径等影响因素。研究结果表明,吸入式气浮净化机的脱油浮选动力学可用动力学方程式描述,浮选速率常数随油滴粒径、气量的增加而增大,极限油浓度与油水的性质、油滴粒径、转子转速、气量、温度等因素有关。     

Study on the accelerant to the sodium oleate during bauxite flotation

The conventional collector for diasporemineral is oleic acid(OLA),which is highly insoluble and must be used in high dosage in bauxite flotation.Firstly flotation experiments with every reagent(sodium oleate,tween-20)were carried out and it was shown that sodium oleate was an effective diaspore collector,whereas nonionic surfactant tween-20 showed little collectivity.Then experiments were carried out with sodium oleate as the main collector with the addition of tween-20 to study the influences of potentiator on diaspore flotation.It could be seen from the experiments that potentiator had a marked influence on the recovery of diaspore,which was raised by more than 12% and that addition sequence also affected the flotation behavior.It gave the best results with the reagents mixed thoroughly before added and the best ratio of collector oleic acid and potentiator tween-20 stood at 10:1.From the calculation of the ingredients in the sodium oleate solution,at the pH 9,sodium oleate acted with surface of themineral with the acid-soap polymer [HOL·OL-].Zeta potential test showed that the potentiator promoted the absorption of collector on themineral surface,which lowered zeta potential.As could be seen from surface tension experiments,the addition of potentiator tween-20 lowered the CMC(critical micelle concentration) value of oleic acid solution,which was equivalent to raise the power of the agents.By the adsorptive capability tests,with the addition of tween-20,the adsorption of oleic acid on diaspore got more.     

油酸钠与微细粒黑钨矿的作用机理

通过浮选实验、溶液化学计算、吸附量测试、动电位和红外光谱分析等方法,系统研究了油酸钠对微细粒黑钨矿的浮选捕收机理.结果表明:黑钨矿可浮性与油酸钠吸附量正相关,微细粒黑钨矿可浮性较好的pH区间为7.0～9.0,溶液中油酸离子和离子-分子缔合物组分对黑钨矿浮选过程起主要作用.溶液化学计算表明:油酸钠的吸附量和黑钨矿的可浮性与金属阳离子形成的油酸盐组分浓度有直接关系;油酸钠的添加使荷负电的黑钨矿动电位负移.红外光谱分析表明油酸钠在黑钨矿表面发生化学吸附,生成金属油酸盐,进而增强了黑钨矿的可浮性.     

金属离子对辉钼矿浮选的影响及机理研究

通过对辉钼矿纯矿物的浮选实验和动电位的测试,研究了金属离子对辉钼矿浮选的影响及作用机理.研究结果表明,Ca~(2+),Cu~(2+),Pb~(2+),Fe3+均可在辉钼矿表面形成吸附,但Ca~(2+)对辉钼矿的浮选结果没有明显影响,只有Cu~(2+),Pb~(2+)和Fe3+对辉钼矿的浮选产生了抑制作用.通过溶液化学计算发现,在一定的p H值范围内,Cu~(2+),Pb~(2+)和Fe3+形成的氢氧化物沉淀会特定地吸附于辉钼矿的极性和非极性表面,产生异相凝聚,导致辉钼矿表面亲水,可浮性下降.     

悬链线立管多相流流型研究

以水和空气为介质,在不同倾角的水平段和悬链线段组合中,研究气液两相流可能出现的流型及其特点,其中流型主要通过肉眼观察结合压力波动检测的方法来进行辨别.同时针对实验范围内出现的部分流型,研究该流型下管段压力和压降随气液速度以及角度的变化规律,并对悬链线管段为段塞流和严重段塞流时管内含气率、气泡长度、气泡速度、气泡频率等参数进行测量.结果表明:试验范围内共出现9种组合流型,4种组合区域所占区域最广;气液流速的变化对管线压降有一定的影响,水平管段的角度对压降的影响远小于气液速度的影响;液速一定时,段塞流和严重段塞流含气率随气速的增加而增加,气速一定时,段塞流和严重段塞流含气率随液速的增加而减小.     

2，3-二羟基丙基二硫代碳酸钠对铜铅硫化矿浮选行为的影响

在乙硫氮浮选体系下,研究了小分子有机抑制剂2,3-二羟基丙基二硫代碳酸钠(SGX)对黄铜矿和方铅矿可浮性的影响,并通过动电位测试和红外光谱分析,探讨了SGX与两种矿物表面的相互作用机理.单矿物浮选试验结果表明:在整个pH值范围内,SGX对黄铜矿的浮选有一定的促进作用,而对方铅矿有强的抑制作用;随着SGX质量浓度的增加,方铅矿的回收率迅速下降,而黄铜矿的回收率有小幅度的增加.人工混合矿浮选试验结果表明,当矿浆pH值为6,SGX质量浓度为19g/L时,可得到较好的分离效果,精矿中铜的质量分数和回收率分别为2966%和8523%.动电位和红外光谱测试分析结果表明SGX与方铅矿之间的吸附能力明显强于黄铜矿.     

利用气溶胶浮选技术提高某铜钼矿混合浮选钼回收率

以煤油作为辉钼矿的主要捕收剂,以气溶胶形式进行加药,进行了煤油用量实验、浮选时间实验、pH值和磨矿细度影响实验,研究采用气溶胶浮选技术提高某铜钼矿钼回收率.气溶胶浮选技术可使铜钼混合浮选阶段钼回收率提高3%,且浮选时间缩短20%左右;在相同的回收率下,气溶胶浮选法使用的煤油用量可节省40%;气溶胶浮选的最佳磨矿细度为0.074mm占65%,浮选矿浆最佳pH值为9.与传统浮选工艺相比,气溶胶浮选技术具有浮选效率高、药剂用量少等特点,在低品位难选矿石浮选方面具有一定优势.     

补气位置对改善射流泵空化性能的试验

对面积比为2.78和4.94的射流泵分别进行了试验,测得不同空化工况下在喉管不同位置补气时噪声和振动的变化.试验结果表明,不同空化阶段在喉管的任何位置补气,都可以降低射流泵的空化噪声和振动;随着补气量的增加,空化噪声和轴向振动加速度的降低也越明显,噪声的最大降低值可达5.1 dB,轴向振动加速度最大可降低4.3 m/s2;补气可以改善射流泵喉管内的压力分布,破坏极限工况下流动的臃塞现象,提高射流泵的空化性能;在喉管最低压力点处及邻近上游位置补气可更有效地抑制射流泵的空化,最优的补气位置为距喉管入口的1～3倍喉管直径处.     

基于Fluent角型喷嘴内部空化行为的数值模拟

利用Fluent流体计算软件对角型喷嘴内部的空化流场进行了数值模拟,得到了喷嘴内部的压力、气相生成速率和汽含率分布场,并对三种扩张角喷嘴内的流场进行了比较分析.结果表明:在角型喷嘴内部,空化汽泡主要在喷嘴圆柱段壁面起始点和扩张段壁面起始点两处产生;在扩张段壁面起始点处,由于回流和压力两种因素的共同作用导致扩张角对空化汽泡生成速率的影响存在最优值;随着扩张角的减小,角型喷嘴在扩张段壁面的空化区域不断扩大,其汽含率也不断攀升;扩张角的改变对角型喷嘴圆柱段区域的空化行为没有明显影响.     

Theory,controls parameter and application of the packed-bed electroosmotic pump

Theory and controls parameters affecting the output pressure and flow rate of the packed-bed electroosmotic pump (p-EOP), including zeta potential ξ, electric intensity E, length of the column L, cross-section area of the column A, dielectric constant ε and viscosity coefficient η of the liquid being pumped, are discussed concisely. And also, the fabrication and application of the p-EOP are introduced.     

heory, controls parameter and application of the packed-bed electroosmotic pump

Theory and controls parameters affecting the output pressure and flow rate of the packed-bed electroosmotic pump (p-EOP), including zeta potential ζ, electric intensity E, length of the column L, cross-section area of the column A, dielectric constant ε and viscosity coefficient η of the liquid being pumped, are discussed concisely. And also, the fabrication and application of the p-EOP are introduced.