异丙酚静脉麻醉下人流术中孕妇躁动的预防120例分析

目的 :观察异丙酚与芬太尼或低剂量氯胺酮合用预防人流术中孕妇躁动的效果。方法 :12 0例初次妊娠行人工流产手术孕妇 ,随机分成异丙酚组 (P组 )、异丙酚加芬太尼组 (F组 )、异丙酚加氯胺酮组 (K组 ) ,每组 4 0例。P组、F组和K组先分别静注生理盐水 1mL、芬太尼 1μg·kg- 1和氯胺酮 0 4mg·kg- 1后以 5 0mg·min- 1静注异丙酚 1 5～ 3 5mg·kg- 1,待孕妇睫毛反射消失后开始手术。观察异丙酚用量、孕妇麻醉期躁动评分、术后清醒时间、允许离院时间以及心率 (HR)、血压(BP)、血氧饱和度 (SPO2 )变化和并发症发生情况。结果 :P组、F组、K组术中躁动评分分别为 0 5 5±0 5 3、0 15± 0 11、0 13± 0 14 ,P组评分与F组、K组比较有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ,P组异丙酚用量较大 ,K组呼吸和循环较稳定。结论 :异丙酚与芬太尼或低剂量氯胺酮合用都能有效预防人流术中孕妇不自主躁动。     

观察复合麻醉在医学美容手术中的疗效

目的：探讨复合麻醉在医学美容手术中的效果。方法：将我院2011年1月-2012年1月期间收治的62倒进行医学美容手术的患者按照麻醉的方式分为观察组和对照组，观察组给予丙泊酚，芬太尼、氯胺嗣复合麻醉，对照组患者则给予丙泊酚、芬太尼、味达唑仑复合麻醉。对比两组患者各项指标井进行记录观察。结果：两纽患者对麻醉效果均满意，但观察组患者麻醉效果优于对照组（P〈0．05）。且在麻醉前，麻醉时、苏醒后血压、脉搏，血氧浓度方面两组比较无明显差异。结论：使用丙泊酚、芬太尼、氯胺酮复合麻醉方式，操作葡便，镇静，镇痛效果好，提高手术的安全性，同时又达到了美容效果。     

芬太尼—依托咪酯用于无痛人流术的研究

目的 :探讨芬太尼—依托咪酯用于无痛人流术临床效果。方法 :人工流产患者 6 0例 ,随机分成A、B两组 ,每组各 30例。A组在无麻醉状态下行人流术 ,B组静脉注射芬太尼 2mg/kg ,3min后注射依托咪酯 0 .3mg/kg ,然后行人流术。观察两组患者术前、术中的BP、HR、SPO2 、人流时间 ,术中和术后的反应以及B组患者静脉注射依托咪酯后的不良反应。结果 :与术前相比A组患者术中HR和MAP(平均动脉压 )下降率及术中、术后反应与B组相比有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,B组患者术中HR、SBP、DBP、SPO2 均有不同程度变化 ,但与术前相比无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :在人流手术中应用依托咪酯和芬太尼进行麻醉是一种起效快、麻醉效果满意、比较安全的麻醉方法     

氯胺酮复合戊巴比妥钠、丙泊酚在羊椎体骨缺损模型中的应用

目的 探讨氯胺酮复合戊巴比妥钠、丙泊酚在制备山羊椎体骨缺损模型中的麻醉效果及安全性。 方法 将18头海南本地山羊纳入研究,氯胺酮肌注进行麻醉诱导,使用氯胺酮复合丙泊酚、戊巴比妥钠静滴维持麻醉,制备山羊腰椎全椎体骨缺损并填入骨水泥动物模型。观察麻醉及手术效果、生命体征和不良反应。结果 所有动物手术均顺利进行,麻醉优良率为100%,无动物死亡,无胃胀、呕吐等不良反应。麻醉诱导期、麻醉期及苏醒期时长分别为15.94±1.76、121.11±9.44、42.44±6.73 min。各麻醉分期内血氧饱和度、体温、呼吸组间比较均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。麻醉期心率与麻醉前、诱导期及苏醒期相比下降,有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 利用氯胺酮、戊巴比妥钠、丙泊酚复合静肌麻醉,麻醉深度及进程满意,能满足经前路腹膜后行腰椎全椎体骨缺损动物模型的实验操作,且具有术后动物苏醒快,不影响其生理功能,动物存活时间长等优点。     

丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼静脉麻醉在小儿鼾症手术中的应用

目的比较丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉与丙泊酚、芬太尼和异氟烷复合麻醉用于小儿鼾症手术的临床效果。方法30例4～10岁的患儿随机分为丙泊酚瑞芬太尼组（PR组）与丙泊酚芬太尼异氟烷组（PFI组）。麻醉诱导后,PR组持续输注丙泊酚瑞芬太尼,PFI组持续输注丙泊酚,间断静推芬太尼,辅助吸入异氟烷维持麻醉。术中根据循环反应调整丙泊酚速度及芬太尼的用量。记录术中循环变化,术后麻醉恢复情况。结果两组间患者年龄、性别、体重无统计学差异,与PR组相比PFI组插管时及术中血压、心率波动较大;两组间在拔管时间、睁眼时间、语言命令反应时间及定向力恢复时间均有显著性差异,PR组明显较短。结论与PFI组相比,PR组麻醉术中循环稳定,术后清醒迅速、完善。     

基层医院全凭静脉麻醉和静吸复合麻醉在腹腔镜手术的麻醉费用比较

比较腹腔镜胆囊手术全凭静脉麻醉和静吸复合麻醉在腹腔镜手术的麻醉费用。本研究选择择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者100例，ASA分级Ⅰ到Ⅱ级，年龄20～60岁，性别不限，随机分为A组和B组，麻醉诱导均采用咪达唑仑0．05mg／kg，丙泊酚1．5mg／kg，在患者意识消失后，静脉注射芬太尼、维库溴铵后气管插管。麻醉维持：A组丙泊酚持续静脉75～200ug／kg／min泵注，切皮前静脉注射芬太尼0．1mg，芬太尼3ug/kg/h，根据血压调节丙泊酚泵注速度。B组采用吸入异氟醚维持麻醉。两组维持新鲜气流量1L／min，均根据需要间断注射芬太尼和维库溴铵维持麻醉。记录患者MAP、HR变化，麻醉诱导前（T1）、插管即刻（T2）、切皮时（T3）、手术开始30min（T4）、拔管后（T5）记录术中心动过缓，高血压，体动，呛咳，低血压不良反应的情况。记录麻醉时间（诱导开始至停止给麻醉药时间），手术时间，苏醒时间、（停药到呼唤睁眼的时间）、呼吸恢复时间（停药到自主呼吸恢复间）、拔出插管时间（自主呼吸恢复至符合临床拔管指针的时间）。计算麻醉药物的费用。A组麻醉苏醒时间、呼吸恢复时间、定向恢复力时间均短于B组。与B组比较A组的所有麻醉药物费用、异氟醚或丙泊酚费用和每小时所有麻醉费用均降低（P〈0．05）．腹腔镜胆囊手术中，丙泊酚一芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉，效果确切，术后患者恢复时间缩短、费用低廉、安全可靠是基层医院开展腹腔镜胆囊手术较为经济有效的麻醉方法。     

米索前列醇配合芬太尼及丙泊酚在无痛人流术中的应用

观察米索前列醇术前阴道放置在无痛人流术中的效果。选择我院2013年5月至2014年5月行无痛人流的未生育妇女120例,随机分为2组,对照组给予单纯静脉麻醉(芬太尼+丙泊酚),实验组在静脉麻醉基础上,术前2小时阴道放置米索前列醇片400 g,观察2组在麻醉效果,宫颈松弛度,丙泊酚用量,术中出血量等方面有无差异。结果实验组较对照组在宫颈软化程度,术中麻醉药物用量及术中出血量等方面均有显著差异性。米索前列醇术前2小时阴道放置能明显软化宫颈,减少术中出血,减少麻醉药物用量,操作简单,费用低廉,安全性高,适合在临床推广使用。     

瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚在婴幼儿先天性唇腭裂修复术中的应用

探讨了瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉与芬太尼、丙泊酚和异氟烷静吸复合麻醉在婴幼儿先天性唇腭裂修复术中应用的比较。30例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级择期行先天性唇腭裂修复术患儿,年龄8个月~3岁,随机分为瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉组（Ⅰ组）与芬太尼、丙泊酚和异氟烷静吸复合麻醉组（Ⅱ组）。Ⅰ组麻醉诱导后持续输注瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚维持麻醉;Ⅱ组麻醉诱导单次注入芬太尼后持续输注丙泊酚、辅助吸入异氟烷维持麻醉。观察术中血流动力学变化情况,术后苏醒、拔管情况及术后躁动发生情况。插管、手术开始后5 min、拔管时Ⅱ组HR、MAP均高于Ⅰ组HR、MAP（P〈0.01）;两组患儿自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间、苏醒时间I组均少于Ⅱ组（P〈0.01）;而在术后躁动发生率中II组少于Ⅰ组（P〈0.05）。瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉用于婴幼儿先天性唇腭裂修复术手术较芬太尼、丙泊酚和异氟烷复合麻醉围术期血流动力学更为平稳,术后苏醒迅速,而术后躁动发生率较高,可能与术后疼痛相关。     

氯胺硐复合异丙酚或咪唑安定在小儿麻醉中的临床应用

目的比较氯胺酮复合异丙酚或咪唑安定的麻醉特点及对呼吸循环的影响.方法术前静注2mg/kg氯胺酮,术中分别用咪唑安定0.1～0.2mg/kg/h或异丙酚8～12mg/kg/h持续静脉注射维持至手术结束前10～15min,若术中患儿对手术刺激有反应酌情追加氯胺酮1～2mg/kg.结果异丙酚组的氯胺酮用量显著少于咪唑安定组且手术平稳,恢复快捷,无不良反应发生.结论异丙酚复合氯胺酮在小儿麻醉中是安全有效的,值得推广应用.     

氯胺硐复合异丙酚或咪唑安定在小儿麻醉中的临床应用

目的比较氯胺酮复合异丙酚或咪唑安定的麻醉特点及对呼吸循环的影响.方法术前静注2mg/kg氯胺酮,术中分别用咪唑安定0.1～0.2mg/kg/h或异丙酚8～12mg/kg/h持续静脉注射维持至手术结束前10～15min,若术中患儿对手术刺激有反应酌情追加氯胺酮1～2mg/kg.结果异丙酚组的氯胺酮用量显著少于咪唑安定组且手术平稳,恢复快捷,无不良反应发生.结论异丙酚复合氯胺酮在小儿麻醉中是安全有效的,值得推广应用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with