新型可溶性氟化含氧化膦和吡啶结构共聚酰胺的合成与性能

通过Yamazaki聚合方法,将对苯二胺(PPD)、4-(4-三氟甲基苯基)-2,6-二(4-胺基苯基)吡啶(TMPBAPP)和双(4-羧基苯基)苯基氧化膦进行共缩聚反应,合成了一类高相对分子质量含氧化膦和吡啶结构的新型氟化共聚酰胺,并以FTIR、DSC、WAXD等方法对其结构和性能进行了表征.结果表明:共聚物的玻璃化转变温度为252～290℃,对数比浓黏度为0.78 ～ 0.98 dL/g.在氮气气氛中,5;的热失重温度为435 ～500℃,800℃时的残炭率为30;～ 58;,均为无定形结构;聚合物易溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、间甲酚等有机溶剂中,并可浇注得到韧性好而透明的薄膜,其拉伸强度为78～86 MPa,拉伸膜量为2.2 ～2.6 GPa,断裂伸长率为9;～13;.同时,该聚合物具有良好的透光率(截断波长为340～376 nm),体积电阻、表面电阻和介电常数分别为8.45×1015 ～ 8.78×1015Ω·cm、9.52×1014 ～9.82×1014Ω和3.46 ～ 3.60(100 Hz),呈现了良好的电绝缘性能.     

甲基取代主链含酰亚胺-砜基的聚芳醚酮酮树脂的合成与表征

以N,N'-(4,4'-二苯砜)二偏苯三甲酰亚胺酰氯为单体,分别与4,4'-二(2-甲基苯氧基)三苯二酮(o-Me-DPOTPDK)、4,4'-二(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)三苯二酮(o-Me2-DPOTPDK)采用低温溶液亲电缩聚合成了两种主链含酰亚胺砜基甲基取代的聚芳醚酮酮树脂,聚合物的对数比浓粘度为6.6和7.5 mL·g-1.用FT-IR、1H NMR对其化学结构进行了表征,DSC、TGA、WAXD研究了其热转变和形态.研究表明:共聚物有较高的玻璃化转变温度(T8:250,278℃)和热分解温度(5%Td:425℃),常温下能溶于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、氯仿和间甲酚等有机溶剂中,可采用溶剂法加工成型.     

基于ODA-BTDA-BPADA聚醚酰亚胺的合成与表征

用4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)作为二胺,3,3′,4,4 ′-二苯酮四甲酸二酐(BTDA)及2,2-双[4-(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷二酐(BPADA)作为二酐,以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,通过常规的两步法,合成聚醚酰亚胺.用FT-IR、TGA、溶解性测试和拉伸测试对聚合物的结构和性能进行表征.结果表明,在1780 cm-1、1720 cm-1和744 cm-1左右出现了聚酰亚胺的特征吸收峰.所得聚酰亚胺有很好的热稳定性,在氮气氛中,起始降解温度506.6～519.6℃,10％失重温度(T10)为534.4～542.3℃、800℃质量保持率为52.7％～61.7％.所得聚酰亚胺膜的拉伸强度、拉伸模量、断裂伸长率、吸水率分别为128.2～281.3 MPa、1.82～4.45 GPa、100.0％～11.9％、0.52％～0.70％.     

2-(4-三氟甲基苯氧基)对苯二甲酰氯的合成与表征

在KOH和K2CO3存在下,通过对氯三氟甲苯(PCTFB)和2,5-二甲基苯酚在N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)中的缩合反应制得了2-(4-三氟甲基苯氧基)对二甲苯(TFDMB),该步最佳的反应条件为:PCTFB与2,5-二甲基苯酚的摩尔比为1∶1.2,反应时间为8 h,反应温度为140~190℃,TFDMB的产率达93.7%.TFDMB继而用KMnO4作氧化剂分别在吡啶、NaOH的水溶液中经两步氧化制得关键中间体2-(4-三氟甲基苯氧基)对苯二甲酸(TFPA),产率为75%;再将TFPA和氯化亚砜反应以92%的产率合成了聚合单体2-(4-三氟甲基苯氧基)对苯二甲酰氯(TFTPC),三步总收率为64.6%.     

9,9-二[4-(4-羧基苯氧基)]苯基呫吨/对苯二胺/对苯二甲酸共聚酰胺的研究

采用Yamazaki聚合体系,以9,9-二[4-(4-羧基苯氧基)苯基]呫吨(BCPX)为第三单体,将其与对苯二甲酸(PTA)、对苯二胺(PPD)进行共缩聚反应,合成了一系列含呫吨结构的聚酰胺共聚物.研究了单体摩尔浓度、反应温度、BCPX和PTA摩尔比等对共聚反应的影响,并用IR、DSC、TGA等方法对共聚物进行了表征.结果表明,新型聚芳酰胺的对数比浓粘度为1.90～2.95 dL?g^-1,具有较高的玻璃化温度(T_g=297.3～320.5 ℃),在氮气氛中5%热失重温度为522～540 ℃,800 ℃时的残炭率在51% 以上.随着单体BCPX和PTA摩尔比的增加,共聚物的T_g逐渐降低,当BCPX和PTA摩尔比大于50/50时,共聚酰胺在常温下可溶于N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、吡啶等极性有机溶剂中.     

含杂萘类三联苯结构聚芳酰胺酰亚胺合成与性能

采用 Yamazaki膦酰化聚合体系 ,以自制的新型二胺 2 -( 4 -氨基苯基 ) -4 -[4 -( 4 -氨基苯氧基 ) -联苯基 ]-二氮杂萘酮 -1 ( )为单体 ,与自制的芳香二酸进行直接溶液缩聚反应 ,高产率地合成了一类新型含杂萘类三联苯结构聚芳酰胺酰亚胺 .新型聚合物的特性粘度为0 .4 9～ 0 .80 d L .g- 1 ( DMAc,( 2 5± 0 .5 )℃ ) ;以 MS、FT-IR、1 HNMR等分析手段研究了二胺单体 及其聚合物的结构 ;利用 DSC、TGA研究了聚合物的耐热性能 .结果表明 ,新型聚芳酰胺酰亚胺具有高的玻璃化转变温度 ( Tg =5 90～ 6 2 8K) ,氮气氛中 1 0 %热质量损失温度在 71 0～ 74 4K,聚合物 PIa～ PId的表面电阻系数的数量级为 1 0 1 5Ω,体积电阻系数的数量级为 1 0 1 6Ω .cm.X-射线衍射证明所有聚合物均为无定型结构 .聚合物在二甲基甲酰胺、1 -甲基吡咯烷酮和间甲酚等极性有机溶剂中可溶解并能浇注得到透明韧性薄膜 .     

含三苯基吡啶结构的氟化聚酰亚胺的合成与性能研究

以二胺单体4–(4’–三氟甲基)苯基–2,6–二(4’–氨基)苯基吡啶(TPBAPP)与六氟二酐(6FDA)为原料采用两步法制备了含三苯基吡啶结构的氟化聚酰亚胺.制备的聚酰亚胺具有优异的综合性能,在强极性和弱极性溶剂中均具有很好的溶解性,其玻璃化转变温度为356°C,5%的热失重温度为538°C.此外,PI膜拉伸强度为68 MPa,弹性模量达到1.25 GPa,在600 nm下的透光率达到83.3%,吸水率为0.56%,介电常数为3.49.本研究可为聚酰亚胺的改性及应用提供数据支撑.     

含二氮杂萘酮结构新型聚酰亚胺的合成

设计含二氮杂萘酮结构的3种二胺单体,与4,4′-(4,4′-异丙基二苯氧基)双(邻苯二甲酸酐)(双酚A二酐)合成一系列不对称新型聚酰亚胺.采用傅里叶红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱法、差示扫描量热法、热重法、凝胶渗透色谱等手段对聚酰亚胺进行结构表征和性能测试,并研究其溶解性、特性粘度.结果表明:聚酰亚胺在室温下易溶于氯仿、吡啶、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮等非质子极性有机溶剂,其氯仿溶液能形成透明、韧性较好的膜,特性粘度为0.50～0.81dL·g-1;聚酰亚胺(P4b～P4c)的数均分子量(Mn)和分散指数(PDI)分别为25 000～34 000和1.21～1.27;此类聚酰亚胺玻璃化转变温度(tg)均大于235℃,而在氮气氛围下,800℃时的残余量为51%～58%,5%和10%的热失重温度分别为446～480℃和459～495℃.     

可溶性甲基取代聚芳醚砜醚酮的合成与性能

以4,4′-二(4-氯甲酰基苯氧基)二苯砜(SODBC)与4,4′-二苯氧基二苯砜(DPODPS)、4,4′-二(2-甲基苯氧基)二苯砜(o-Me-DPODPS)、4,4′-二(3-甲基苯氧基)二苯砜(m-Me-DPODPS)和4,4′-二(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)二苯砜(o-Me2-DPODPS)等为单体在1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE)、N-2-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、无水三氯化铝(AlCl3)溶剂催化剂体系中,通过低温溶液亲电共缩聚合成了聚芳醚砜醚酮(PESEK),邻位、间位甲基取代、双邻位甲基取代的聚芳醚砜醚酮(o-Me-PESEK、m-Me-PESEK、o-Me2-PESEK)聚合物.用FT-IR、1H NMR、DSC、TGA、WAXD等对聚合物进行了表征,研究了聚合物的溶解性.结果表明:聚合物具有较高的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、良好的热稳定性和优良的溶解性.     

4-(4-氨基苯氧基)-N-甲基-2-吡啶甲酰胺的合成

以4-氯-N-甲基-2-吡啶甲酰胺和对氨基苯酚为原料,经亲核取代反应一步合成索拉非尼关键中间体4-(4-氨基苯氧基)-N-甲基-2-吡啶甲酰胺,考察了溶剂、温度、碱和催化剂对反应收率的影响.以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,叔丁醇钾为碱,碘化钾作催化剂,120℃时反应收率为90.5%.目标产物经IR,1 HNMR,MS得到确证.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the