中子多次散射计算的Monte-Carlo技巧

对不同厚度的样品,分别采用无限大平板和圆柱体模型,用Monte-Carlo方法计算中子多次散射修正.结果表明,对于慢中子,当样品半径与厚度之比大于20,使用无限大平板模型并进行半解析处理具有明显的优越性.辅以其它技巧,把这方法用于多种实验截面的中子共振参数的相关面积分析中得到满意的结果.     

基于MCNP的反应堆建模方法

为了研究不可分辨共振区概率表、自由气体热散射的温度修正、热中子S(α,β)模型对MCNP模拟的反应堆有效增值因子K_(eff)、堆芯能谱以及功率分布的影响,本文提出了一种基于MCNP的反应堆临界模拟方法。使用蒙特卡罗程序MCNP5对某反应堆堆芯及周围结构进行了建模,在此基础上,通过控制MCNP5输入文件中的PHYS卡、TMP卡、MTn卡分别模拟不可分辨共振区概率表、自由气体热散射的温度修正、热中子S(α,β)模型等因素对MCNP5计算的反应堆有效增值因子K_(eff)、堆芯能谱以及功率分布的影响。结果表明,S(α,β)模型对K_(eff)、堆芯能谱以及堆芯功率分布计算均有较大影响,在反应堆堆芯建模时应加以考虑,并且忽略S(α,β)模型的影响将得到非保守的K_(eff)计算结果。此外,自由气体热散射的温度修正对K_(eff)计算也有着不可忽略的影响。     

计算粗糙海面与大型舰船复合散射的双向解析射线追踪法

提出了双向解析射线追踪法（bidirectional analytical ray tracing,BART）,对于由面元和边缘建模的复杂目标,在入射方向和散射逆方向分别追踪射线,当前后向两射线束交汇在同一面元（或边缘）上时,构造一项由该面元一次物理光学散射（或物理绕射）和多次几何光学反射构成的多次散射项．用包含相干散射和非相干漫散射的粗糙面元来建模粗糙面环境．并实现双向解析追踪技术,精确计算各面元的照射和阴影．通过与其他计算电磁学方法对比来验证方法的精确性,并对复杂大型舰船目标与粗糙海面复合散射多方位的RCS进行了数值模拟．     

蒙特卡罗中子输运计算中弥散型颗粒燃料的子网格随机模型研究

弥散型颗粒燃料在燃料元件中的随机分布特性给传统的堆芯物理计算方法带来巨大困难与挑战.主要针对蒙特卡罗中子输运计算,开展基于子网格模型的颗粒燃料随机模型建模方法研究,探讨了网格尺寸大小对随机模型建模效率和堆芯物理计算精度的影响,给出了最佳网格尺寸参数.数值结果表明,基于最佳网格尺寸参数的子网格模型可较好地满足弥散型颗粒燃料的堆芯物理计算需求.     

量子阱中极化子的性质

给出声子分布函数的解析表达式，并利用该表达式和Lee-Low-Pines(LLP)变分方法计算极性晶体板中极化子的基态能量，与自恰的数值结果进行比较，结果吻合。     

锥束X射线CT投影的蒙特卡罗仿真

提出了一种锥束X射线CT(计算机断层扫描)投影的蒙特卡罗计算方法,对X光子逐次抽样并以随机步长跟踪,将探测器区域内的沉积能量转化为投影信号,使用蒙特卡罗计算工具EGSnrc执行后台批处理计算,得到符合成像物理学的仿真投影.经过合理加速和参数优化,计算量较通用默认设置降低了2个数量级.对生成的锥束投影进行重建,结果显示出预期的射束硬化和散射伪影.该方法易于进行二次开发,贴近真实设备,是锥束X射线CT原型机散射校正的基础.将仿真投影与真实的物理设备测量数据进行比较,平均误差为1.18%.     

绝缘体上硅场效应晶体管热导率尺度效应模型

针对硅微纳米薄膜热导率存在严重尺度效应的问题,提出一种等效边界散射自由程近似的全耗尽绝缘体上硅(FD SOI)金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)硅薄膜热导率尺度效应模型。探讨硅材料内声子散射机理,量化考虑束缚态与自由态电子影响的声子弛豫时间,推导得到硅材料热导率解析模型;深入研究声子边界散射机制,近似求解衡量尺度效应的衰减因子,获取等效声子边界散射平均自由程;考虑由粗糙度引起的界面效应,利用Matthiessen规则将硅材料内声子散射与声子边界散射等过程进行耦合,建立起适用于纳米FD SOI MOSFET硅薄膜热导率解析模型,并利用Asheghi原始模型与实验测试数据对等效边界散射自由程近似热导率模型进行了验证。模型计算结果表明,硅薄膜内声子边界散射等效平均自由程约为薄膜厚度的2.5倍。声子边界散射在微尺度与纳尺度声子热传输过程中占据主导地位,决定了硅薄膜内声子超快热传输特性。采用等效边界散射自由程近似的热导率模型能够与Asheghi模型及实验测试数据较好地吻合,更加凸显衰减因子的物理意义以及有效地揭示纳米器件有限空间热导率的尺度效应。     

高能极限下部分子饱和及部分子演化规律研究

基于Mueller的偶极子理论框架,研究了高能部分子随快度的演化规律,计算了高能部分子的劈裂几率。本文采用一个新颖的近似方法,简化了部分子演化方程,并计算出了该方程在饱和区域中的解析解,本文的研究为理论上建立电子-质子和质子-核散射模型提供了有力的保障,为实验上解释电子-质子和质子-核散射实验数据提供了理论基础。     

极化散射的各向异性分析及应用

分析典型极化散射机制随着视角等参数变化时产生的各向异性对从物理角度解译遥感图像具有重要意义.为了更好地从散射矩阵中提取出具有一定物理含义的极化信息,分析极化参数的各向异性特征,建立了任意取向散射体的电磁散射模型,模拟其在Cameron极化空间中的变化轨迹分布.其次,基于子孔径的方法,用无人机合成孔径雷达(UAVSAR)数据进行实验验证,计算出了取向角、z参数与视角的关系,与桥体的微扰法(Small Perturbation Method,SPM)二次散射仿真模型的计算结果吻合.     

基于蒸发波导的气溶胶散射特性

利用单球形粒子和双层球粒子的散射模型对大气气溶胶粒子的散射特性进行了分析,对双层球的不同内层折射率和不同粒子半径条件下粒子的散射特性进行了计算,并用两种模型对不同大气湿度情况下海洋气溶胶散射进行了分析和仿真.结果表明:采用双层球模型计算的前向散射强度比用单层球模型进行计算的要大,而后向散射要弱;随着大气湿度的增加,气溶胶粒子半径变大,后向散射变强;用湖面上大气气溶胶粒子散射与仿真的拟海洋气溶胶散射的消光系数比较,实测消光系数值与双层球模型计算的消光系数值更接近.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.