具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

四维空间分形插值算法在品位估算中的应用

克里金法是一种应用广泛的低通滤波性插值方法,但其无法重建原始信息中的高频、低频和局部信息。分形插值算法可利用自相似性,在保留原始信息的基础上,克服克里金插值中低通滤波的局限性,从而提高插值的准确性。本文在传统分形插值算法的基础上,结合地质空间信息,提出了适用于矿床品位估算的四维空间分形插值算法,并将其应用于钼矿的品位估算。结果表明：在该钼矿的品位估算中,四维空间分形插值算法明显优于克里金法。     

基于圆心角分割的双曲线、抛物线插补算法

根据圆弧的时间分割法插补原理，开发了基于圆心角分割的双曲线、抛物线插补算法．所给出的插补方法具有一定的推广性，为其他曲线的插补运算提供了较一般的方法．最后，进行了插补误差分析，并给出了插补算法的实现流程图     

H-B插值的推广和应用

本文综合论述了H-B插值在缺项插值问题、g-样条及其最佳性质、GHB插值、共轭H-B插值、三角插值及Haar子空间中的插值方面的推广和应用,对国内外许多学者的研究工作进行了总结和概括。     

自然邻点插值方法在材料状态方程数据库开发中的应用

 针对材料状态方程数据库数据量大、高度离散、分布极不规则的特点及其对插值方法的特殊要求,提出了基于自然邻点插值方法的开发方案。首先论述了基于Delaunay三角网和Voronoi图的自然邻点插值方法的基本原理,其次引入线性插值、Sibson插值和non-Sibsonian插值3种插值函数并详细介绍了各自的函数形式和插值格式,然后采用该方法对材料状态方程数据库进行插值程序开发并与数据库本身对比了插值效果,最后分析了3种插值函数的不同特性并实测了计算效率与耗时。大量分析对比显示,插值结果合理、计算效率较高,表明该方法能够很好地应用于材料状态方程数据库开发中。     

模糊控制中近似推理的插值模型

提出一种新的模糊控制近似推理模型——插值模型,即用多元插值方法来进行近似推理．在精确插值问题基础上提出模糊插值问题,并给出插值公式     

一种基于组合的图像插值方法

针对现有的图像插值方法存在的不足,在图像放大中容易出现"锯齿"形边缘和模糊的现象,改变了图像的表示模型,提出了平面插值、球面插值、斜平面插值、双三次插值相结合的图像插值方法,避免了传统的插值方法用同一个模型逼近所有像素存在的不足.理论分析和实验结果表明了文中所提方法的有效性.     

一种椭圆插补的改进算法

针对现有基于圆心角分割的椭圆插补算法插补公式复杂,影响数控插补加工的实时插补速度的问题,在时间分割插补算法原理的基础上,提出一种基于圆心角分割的椭圆插补改进算法,推导出改进的插补公式,得到具体的算法流程.通过实例计算与分析表明,在同一NC平台上,该改进算法能够达到基于圆心角分割的椭圆插补类似算法的插补精度,并具有更好的实时性.     

复合插补实现的椭圆插补法

以圆弧插补算法作为基础插补算法,直线插补算法作为复合插补算法,可以获得椭圆插补的一种新算法．与当前使用的椭圆插补算法相比,该算法的插补计算量小、输入参数规范．     

基于GIS的空间插值方法研究

对地理信息系统空间数据分析中的空间数据插值方法从广义的角度分为点的插值和面的插值进行了论述，讨论了点与面的各种插值方法的理论基础、算法以及应用方式，并对空间插值的应用与推广及相关的问题进行了阐述．指出在运用空间插值方法时，要得到理想的空间插值效果，必须针对不同研究区的实际情况，对实测数据样本点进行充分分析，反复试验比较，以选择最佳的方法，并在运用一般插值方法的基础上，依据自身需要及学科的特点，对插值方法进行改进，进而提出适合各学科研究的更优的空间插值方法．     

二元四次切触插值格式的构造方法

多元切触插值问题是一元切触插值问题的自然推广.以往构造多元切触插值格式最一般方法是行列式方法.然而该方法在插值条件较多的情况下使用起来比较笨拙,特别是当条件选的不恰当时可能由于方程组的奇异性进而求不出插值格式.近些年来,随着科学技术的不断发展,一些科研生产部门常常需要进行多元切触插值,由于插值区域的复杂性和插值结点分布多样性,以往的文献多是针对矩形网格上的多元插值问题来进行研究的.运用迭加插值法来构造一些二元切触插值格式,这种方法可容许某些不规则的插值条件.这样既可以保证插值多项式的存在与唯一性,又便于求得具体的插值格式,并在已有结论的基础上,构造了一类圆域上的二元四次切触格式来说明如何运用迭加插值法来构造二元切触插值格式的,最后用计算实验验证了所构造出插值格式的有效性.