蒙古口蘑与双孢蘑菇原生质体融合育种研究

以蒙古口蘑和双孢蘑菇为出发菌株,研究了酶浓度、酶解时间、菌龄和渗透压稳定剂、再生培养基等对蒙古口蘑和双孢蘑菇原生质体制备和再生的影响.结果表明,蒙古口蘑原生质体制备和再生的最佳条件是,培养5 d的菌丝体用2.5%(w/w)的溶壁酶酶解4 h,渗透压稳定剂为0.6 mol/L KCl,MB为再生培养基,制备率为7.53×1010个/L,再生率为8.4×10-4;双孢蘑菇原生质体制备和再生的最佳条件是,培养5 d的菌丝体用2%(w/w)的溶壁酶酶解3 h,渗透压稳定剂为0.6 mol/L KCl,PQA为再生培养基,制备率为6.96×1010个/L,再生率为7.4×10-4.对两种菌原生质体的释放过程进行形态观察,均为顶端释放.采用双亲灭活原生质体融合技术对蒙古口蘑和双孢蘑菇原生质体融合进行研究,蒙古口蘑原生质体采用热灭活,65℃处理30 min,灭活率达100%,双孢蘑菇采用紫外灭活,在15 W紫外灯下,距离30 cm,处理20 min,灭活率达100%,两菌株按1∶1混合,以30%PEMG(6 000)为促融剂,融合10 min,融合率为5.6×10-5.经遗传稳定性检验,融合菌株的遗传稳定率为80%,从菌落特征、菌丝形态、菌丝生长量、酯酶、游离全蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶、乙醇脱氢酶和过氧化物酶等同工酶方面对融合子进行筛选,获得一株具有双亲性状的融合株.     

刺孢吸水链霉菌与淡紫灰链霉菌原生质体制备条件研究

通过对甘氨酸浓度、酶解温度、酶浓度、酶解时间等影响因素考察,及正交试验优化,确定了刺孢吸水链霉菌和淡紫灰链霉菌原生质体制备的最佳条件.实验结果表明,刺孢吸水链霉菌最佳原生质体制备条件是：甘氨酸浓度为0.5%,酶解温度28 ℃,溶菌酶浓度为3×10-3 g/mL,酶作用时间60 min;淡紫灰链霉菌：甘氨酸浓度为1.0%,酶解温度32 ℃,溶菌酶浓度4×10-3 g/mL,酶作用时间60min.有效的原生质体保存条件是：-20 ℃,在5 d内,原生质体再生率在15%以上.     

白色念珠菌SC5314原生质体制备的研究

通过研究白色念珠菌菌龄、预处理剂、酶解温度、裂解酶种类、酶解时间等不同因素对白色念珠菌SC5314原生质体制备的影响,确定了其原生质体制备的条件:选用菌龄为12 h的菌体,用50 mmol/L EDTA+5%巯基乙醇(体积比)+50 mmol/L Tris (pH=8.0)的复合预处理剂进行预处理,用0.7 mmol/L的NaCl作为渗透压稳定剂,1%的蜗牛酶+1%的纤维素酶+1%的溶壁酶在30 ℃的条件下酶解120 min.在此条件下,其原生质体制备率高达98%.     

荨麻青霉(Penicillium urticae)原生质体的制备与再生

对荨麻青霉原生质体的高效制备以及再生方法进行了探索.结果显示荨麻青霉较为适合的原生质体制备及再生条件的组合:菌龄为28 ℃恒温下培养20～22 h,DTT预处理0.5 h,以7 mg/mL的纤维素酶,7 mg/mL蜗牛酶,5 mg/mL溶菌酶为混合酶,0.6 mol/L的NaCl作为渗透压稳定剂,28 ℃恒温酶解3.5 h,PDA高渗双层培养基再生.该组合制备原生质体形成量达到1.59×107～1.89×107/mL,其再生率达到16.24%～19.25%.     

辅酶Q_(10)生产菌株粟酒裂殖酵母原生质体制备和再生研究

研究对辅酶Q10生产菌株粟酒裂殖酵母原生质体制备和再生条件进行了优化,确定了原生质体制备及再生的最佳条件为:茵龄20 h,蜗牛酶浓度2 g/L,酶溶液pH值6.5,酶解温度25℃,酶解时间2 h.通过对粟酒裂殖酵母原生质体制备及再生条件的研究,建立了制备粟酒裂殖酵母原生质体的方法,以期进一步通过原生质体诱变获得辅酶Q10高产菌株.     

槐耳原生质体制备与再生研究

对槐耳原生质体制备与再生进行了研究,结果表明:槐耳原生质体制备最佳条件是以液体静置培养9d的菌丝体,0.6mol/L蔗糖作为渗透压稳定剂,在体积质量比2%溶壁酶、1%纤维素酶和1%蜗牛酶作用下,25℃酶解3h,制备率达2.75×106个/mL;再生最佳条件是液体静置培养12d的菌丝体,0.6mol/L甘露醇为渗透压稳定剂,在2%溶壁酶作用下,35℃酶解2h,再生率为12.7%.     

应用正交实验研究铜绿假单胞菌原生质体制备与再生

通过对铜绿假单胞菌原生质体制备与再生进行正交实验,探讨各因子对铜绿假单胞菌原生质体制备与再生影响水平,得到铜绿假单胞菌原生质体制备与再生的最优条件:酶解时间 0. 5h,酶浓度 2mg/L,菌龄为 15h 此时原生质体形成率为 80. 5%,再生率为 20. 6%     

截短侧耳素产生菌原生质体的制备条件优化及再生

以截短侧耳素产生菌Clitopilus pinsitus为材料,通过单因素和正交实验,研究菌龄、酶系、酶浓度、酶解时间、温度及稳渗剂对C.pinsitus原生质体制备和再生的影响。实验结果表明,制备原生质体的最佳条件为:5d菌龄,0.4mol/L甘露醇稳渗剂,2.0%蜗牛酶和2.0%纤维素酶混合酶,25℃酶解1.5h,原生质体产量5.9×107个/m L,其再生率为1.2‰。实验为截短侧耳素高产菌株原生质体诱变育种奠定基础。     

高山被孢霉高产ARA的原生质体融合子筛选

利用原生质体融合技术,对两株单一优良性状差异显著的高山被孢霉菌株F24和G12进行原生质体融合,再采用双灭活或流式细胞分选法筛选优良性状相结合的高产菌株,对双亲菌株原生质体的制备、融合和再生的相关条件进行了研究,并对双灭活和流式细胞分选的具体方法进行了研究.经研究发现,采用培养16 h的高山被孢霉菌丝于混合酶液(蜗牛酶15.0 mg·m L~(-1)、纤维素酶6.0 mg·m L~(-1)、溶菌酶0.5 mg·m L~(-1)和几丁质酶0.2 mg·m L~(-1))中30℃酶解4 h为原生质体制备的最佳条件.并探究得出两种融合子筛选方法的最佳方案,成功筛选出融合子,进一步再生培养验证ARA产量,最终挑选出一株ARA产量达6.32 g·L~(-1)的高产菌株.以前尚未发现此方法在高山被孢霉上的应用,为高山被孢霉育种提供了一种有效的手段.     

2种捕食线虫真菌大量原生质体的快速制备与再生技术

 比较了培养基、菌龄、溶壁酶、配制酶液的缓冲溶液和酶解条件等重要因素对2种捕食线虫真菌原生质体形成的影响.采用优化后的制备条件,用较低质量浓度的酶液(5mg/mL纤维素酶,5mg/mL蜗牛酶),在短时间内(5h)蠕虫节丛孢(Arthrobotrys vermicola)原生质体得率可达0.5×10⁷～1.0×10⁷mL^-1,球状单顶孢(Monacrosporium sphaeroides)原生质体得率为0.8×10⁷～1.5×10⁷mL^-1.原生质体的再生除了受到原生质体制备方法的影响,还与再生培养基的营养成分、渗透压稳定剂及其浓度有很大关系.另外还对原生质体的释放和再生进行了详细的观察和描述.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that