Cardenolide glycosides from the adults and eggs ofChrysolina fuliginosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Besides the known sarmentogenin 3-O--D-allopyranoside (1) and digitoxigenin-3-O-[-D-xylopyranosyl-(14)-2, 3-di-O-acetyl--D-allopyranoside] (4), four new cardiac glycosides (2, 3, 5 and6) have been isolated from the defensive glands of adults ofChrysolina fuliginosa. The structures of the new compounds were determined by¹H NMR at 600 MHz and FABMS. Compounds1–6, present in the adults ofC. fuliginosa, have also been identified in the eggs.     

Chromosomes and some issues of the evolution of the ground squirrel genusCitellus (Rodentia: Sciuridae)

Citellus (s. str.) relictus, C. dauricus C. pygmaeus (2=36, NF=72). . (Colobotis) erythrogenys . fulvus -. . (Urocitellus) undulatus (2n=32, NF=64) . columbianus. Citellus, , Citellus, . , .     

Responses of resistance and capacitance vessels at various frequency electrical stimulation of sympathetic nerves

Conclusion (1) The maximal reactions of cerebral resistance vessels arise at the stimulation frequency of 30 cps, the maximal reactions of capacitance vessels at the frequency of 10 cps. (2) Reactions of resistance vessels in the pulmonary lobe increase in the range of stimulation frequencies from 11–50 cps, maximal reactions of pulmonary capacitance vessels are observed at the frequency of 30–40 cps. (3) Reactions of resistance vessels situated below the abdominal aorta bifurcation increase progressively in the range of frequencies from 6–50 cps, the magnitude of capacitance vessel reaction reaching its maximum value at 20 cps.

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30 /, — 10 /. 50 /. 30–40 /, 20 /.

     

The stimulating action of gastrin pentapeptide and histamine on adenyl cyclase activity in rat stomach

, 3',5'-, in vitro . , , 3',5'- HCl .     

A study of the mechanism of polymyxin M inactivation

.I.NH₄OH , N N - - ,-. , .     

The mechanism of blood vessel permeability derangement under the influence of histamine,serotonin and bradykinin

, , , , 10^–2-10^–3M NaCN . (, ). .     

Unique occurrence of fenchol in the animal kingdom

Summary (–)--Fenchol, a compound occurring in plants but not heretofore reported to occur in an animal product, was isolated from volatiles released by adult male Mediterranean fruit flies,Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann, with the male's previously identified sex pheromones. It neither attracts females nor synergizes the pheromones, and its function remains unknown.The editors do not hold themselves responsible for the opinions expressed in the authors' brief reports. — Les auteurs sont seuls responsables des opinions exprimées dans ces brèves communications. — Für die Kurzmitteilungen ist ausschliesslich der Autor verantwortlich.—Per le brevi comunicazioni è responsabile solo l'autore. — . — Solo los autores son responsables de las opiniones expresadas en estas communicationes breves.Mention of a proprietary product in this paper does not constitute a recommendation or an endorsement of the product by the US Department of Agriculture.Acknowledgments. We thank C. Harding for assistance with extractions and fractionations, R.M. Waters for spectral analyses, M.S. Fujimoto and H. Higa for collecting the volatiles and conducting laboratory and cage bioassays, and T. Urago and S. Nakagawa for conducting the field tests.     

A new chalcone glucoside and cernuoside from the flowers ofAcacia dealbata

Summary A new chalcone glucoside has been isolated from the flowers ofAcacia dealbata and shown to be 4,2,4,6-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxychalcone 2-O--D-glucoside (1) by chemical degradations and spectroscopic methods. Cernuoside (4,6,3,4-tetrahydroxyaurone 4-O--D-glucoside), (2) has also been found in this plant material.Acknowledgments. The author thanks Prof. H. Wagner, Institut für pharmazeutische Arzneimittellehre der Universität München, for a sample of homoeriodictyol, and Prof. J.B. Harborne, University of Reading, for a sample of aureusidin.     

The use mitochondrial mutants of yeast in the screening for new antimetabolites

Candida utilis Torulopsis globosa, , . T. globosa II-, 5% , .     

Recovery of isometric twitches after glycerol removal

1. , 110–220 , . 2. , . 3. .

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We thank Dr.G. A. Nasledov, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Leningrad, for kind permission to use his device for experiments with isolated muscle fibres.     

Zygotic mortality inEllobius lutescens (Rodentia: Microtinae)

і Ellobius, lutescens 50% , -- .     

Structural transformation reactions of anthocyanins

Summary Spectroscopic evidence shows that the flavylium cation (1) undergoes hydroxylation to form the carbinol base (2) and can also deprotonate to form the anhydro (quinonemethane) bases (3a and3b). The anhydro bases hydrate to the carbinol base. The carbinol base above pH 6, or the ionzed carbinol base (2a), undergoes diring fission to produce the cischalcone (4).The editors do not hold themselves responsible for the opinions expressed in the authors' brief reports. — Les auteurs sont seuls responsables des opinions exprimées das ces brèves communications. — Für die Kurzmitteilungen ist ausschliesslich der Autor verantwortlich. — Per le brevi comunicazioni è responsabile solo l'autore. — ë . — Solo los autores son responsables de las opiniones expresadas en estas comunicationes breves.Acknowledgment. This research was supported by a grant from the Welch Food Co., Westfield, NY.     

X-ray research for polycrystals. The formation geometry of instrumental width of the diffractional line at the investigation of the polycrystals in the translucent X-rays

: , , , - , ().     

Il punto nella terminologia matematica greca

Summary In this note we claim that the two words and , which were used in Greece to indicate the geometrical point, had both been introduced in the scientific language in the first half of the IV^th century B.C., and that they became popular independently of each other in two different cultural circles, those of philosophy and of mathematics, respectively.We propose therefore, in contrast to a conjecture by Heiberg, a new explanation for the predominance of during the golden age of Greek mathematics and for the resurgence of during the period of decadence.

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Memoria presentata da A. Seidenberg     

The molecular structure of the benzilic acid rearrangement product of 3α, 17β-diacetoxy-11-hydroxy-12-oxo-5β-androst-9(11)-ene

Zusammenfassung Die Struktur desp-Brombenzoates des Benzilsäureumlagerungsproduktes von 3, 17-Diacetoxy-11-hydroxy-12-oxo-5-9(11)-androsten wurde durch dreidimensionale Röntgenstrukturanalyse eines Einkristalls als 3-p-Brombenzoat des 11-Carboxy-3, 11, 17-trihydroxy-13-C-nor-5-androstan 11a, 17-Laktons erkannt.     

Eubotriol and eubol,new diterpenes fromSideritis euboea

Summary 2 new diterpenes Eubotriol (ent-kaur-16-ene-7, 15, 18triol) (I), and eubol (ent-kaur-16-ene-7-acetoxy-15, 18 diol) (II) have been isolated from Sideritis euboea Helder.This work was supported by National Research Council (C.N.R.), Roma.     

Structural changes accompanying the reversible cold inactivation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from rat skeletal muscle

qm -3- , 4° 0,15M NaCl, 5M , 4M - pH=7,6, ( 275–295 , –b _o , A ₁₉₃ , –A₂₂₅). , +20° 0.15M H₂PO₄.     

Changes in the lumen of coronary vessels under oligemic hypotension

Conclusions The decrease of circulating blood volume, resulting in oligemic hypotension, may evoke in anaesthetized cat the active constrictory coronary vessel responses of 2 types, one occuring immediately after start of the hypotension and the other having a significantly prolonged latency.

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, , , , ( 4 ), ( 45 ).

     

Deamination by ‘Transformed’ mitochondrial amine oxidase of the ε-amino group of lysine and selective inhibition of this reaction by β-aminopropionitrile

« » - . -.     

Defensive steroids from a carrion beetle (Silpha americana)

Summary The defensive anal effluent discharged bySilpha americana in response to disturbance contains a mixture of steroids stemming from a glandular annex of the rectum. The compounds have been characterized as 15-hydroxyprogesterone (1, principal component), 5-pregnan-15-ol-3, 20-dione (2), 5-pregnan-3, 15-diol-20-one (3), 5-pregnan-7, 15-diol-3,20-dione (4), 5-pregnan-3, 7, 15-triol-20-one (5), 5-pregnan-16-ol-3,20-dione (6), and 5-pregnan-3, 16-diol-20-one (7), none previously found in insects. Bioassays with jumping spiders showed compounds1 and6 to be feeding deterrents at the 1 g level.Paper No. 78 of the series: Defense Mechanisms of Arthropods. Study supported by NIH (Grants AI-02908, AI-12020). We thank Maura Malarcher and Maria Eisner for excellent technical help, and the Squibb Institute of Medical Research for samples of authentic reference compounds.