提取蜗牛内脏废弃物中纤维素酶的工艺条件研究

利用白玉蜗牛的内脏废弃物,对蜗牛纤维素酶的提取工艺条件进行了实验研究.采用正交实验与神经网络相结合的方法,建立了蜗牛纤维素酶活力与提取工艺因素之间的神经网络模型.通过基于模型的优化和具体实验,获得了最佳提取工艺条件是:蜗牛纤维素酶的提取时间为12 h,pH值为5.0,提取温度为0℃,盐析饱和度为70%,此条件下,纤维素酶粗品的最高酶活力为3.186 U.mL-1.     

响应面法优化乳酸辅助提取菠萝皮果胶的工艺研究

为优化乳酸辅助提取菠萝皮果胶的工艺,在单因素实验的基础上,利用响应面法建立了菠萝皮果胶提取工艺的二次响应面方程。实验证实提取时间、乳酸浓度、液料比、提取温度对菠萝皮果胶提取率有不同的影响。结果表明,在实验范围内,各工艺条件对菠萝皮果胶提取率的影响大小顺序为:提取温度乳酸浓度提取时间液料比。菠萝皮果胶提取的最佳工艺参数:提取时间96 min,乳酸浓度8.25%,液料比25 m L·g-1,提取温度74℃,在此条件下,菠萝皮果胶提取率达8.47%,与预测值相对误差为0.58%,验证了该模型的有效性,表明该提取工艺条件合理可行。     

鼠尾藻膳食纤维提取工艺研究

以鼠尾藻为原料,采用酶与化学结合的方法提取膳食纤维,通过酶用量、酶解时间、酶解温度、氢氧化钠浓度、氢氧化钠提取温度、氢氧化钠用量、氢氧化钠提取时间7个单因素试验和2个正交试验,研究确立了提取鼠尾藻膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件。结果表明：提取膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件为在40℃条件下用30：1的蛋白酶与纤维素酶酶解2 h,再用20倍1.5%NaOH溶液在55℃提取1 h,膳食纤维的产率可达15%左右,颜色为米黄色。     

复合酶法提取冬瓜多糖的研究

采用蛋白酶、果胶酶、纤维素酶复合处理冬瓜多糖溶液,通过对复合酶的作用温度、作用pH值、作用时间进行单因素实验,对复合酶配比、复合酶的提取工艺进行正交试验,确定了复合酶法提取冬瓜多糖的最佳工艺条件:复合酶按纤维素酶1.5%,果胶酶1.5%,蛋白酶1.5%配比,酶作用温度40℃,酶作用pH值为5.0,酶作用时间为40 min,多糖提取率最高.     

纤维素酶提取灵芝多糖的单因素研究

利用纤维素酶从灵芝子实体中提取灵芝多糖,通过单因素实验研究酶量、酶解时间、料液比、酶解温度对灵芝多糖提取率的影响。实验结果表明:纤维素酶能够显著提高灵芝多糖的提取率,提取的最佳工艺条件为酶量2.0%,酶解时间90min,料液比1:30,温度50℃。     

响应面法优化白背毛木耳子实体多糖的酶法提取工艺

应用响应面法优化酶法提取白背毛木耳子实体多糖的工艺条件。使用纤维素酶辅助进行白背毛木耳子实体多糖的提取,在单因素试验的基础上通过响应面试验设计构建了模型并确定酶用量、pH值、提取温度、提取时间等4个主要影响因素的最佳工艺参数。结果表明,最佳的工艺条件为:纤维素酶用量3 774 U/g、pH为4.9、提取温度50.2℃、提取时间135 min,在此条件下白背毛木耳子实体多糖的提取率为15.47%,与模型预测值15.52%的相对误差仅为0.323%。     

纤维素酶法提取鱼腥草总黄酮工艺

鱼腥草为药食两用植物,含有大量的黄酮类化合物,本文研究了用纤维素酶法提取鱼腥草总黄酮的工艺条件,鱼腥草原料经纤维素酶预处理后浸提,总黄酮得率可达到8.182%。其酶解的最佳条件为:料液中酶的质量浓度为0.2mg/mL,酶解温度45℃,酶解pH=5.0,酶解时间90min。实验结果表明:该方法明显提高鱼腥草总黄酮得率。     

酶法提取松针中的天然香料

用纤维素酶（CE）法提取松针中的天然香料，确定了酶法提取松针叶中有效成分的最佳工艺条件。与普通的水提取法相比，酶法具有提供条件温和，撮率高等优点，撮率可以提高40%以上。     

南瓜粉的酶法制备及营养成分分析

用菠萝蛋白酶对南瓜进行酶解,研制生产南瓜粉,实验结果表明: 0.04%菠萝蛋白酶pH 6.35条件下,50℃酶解5 h为最佳酶解条件.并对南瓜粉进行成分分析,其水分、灰分、脂肪、糖类物质、蛋白质、果胶含量分别为8.34%,5.61%,0.41%,58.46%,13.24%,1.82%.另外比较了南瓜粉与灵芝粉和莲子粉中的一些金素元素含量.研究结果为南瓜中有效营养成分的提取和开发利用提供了科学依据.     

复合酶法提取蕨麻多糖及其抗氧化活性研究

确定了复合酶(纤维素酶、果胶酶、中性蛋白酶)提取蕨麻多糖的最佳工艺,并对其体外抗氧化活性进行初步研究.在单因素试验的基础上,设计L9 (33)正交实验和L9(34)正交实验,分别得出复合酶的最佳配比和复合酶法提取蕨麻多糖的最佳提取工艺条件;采用清除·OH(羟基)自由基模型和O2-·(超氧阴离子)自由基模型评价了蕨麻多糖的抗氧化能力.结果表明:复合酶的最佳配比为:纤维素酶2.0％,木瓜蛋白酶1.0％,果胶酶2.0％;最佳工艺条件为∶料液比为1∶30、pH值为4.5,温度为45℃,酶解时间为60min,此时蕨麻多糖的提取率最大为8.12％,同时验证性实验也表明优化得到的提取工艺稳定可靠;蕨麻多糖对羟基自由基和超氧阴离子都具有较强的清除作用,并与浓度呈一定依赖关系,且对羟自由基的清除能力要比超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力强.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with