超弹性SMA丝力学性能试验及新型阻尼器设计

通过大量工况下的超弹性形状记忆合金丝循环拉伸试验,分析不同丝径、循环次数、加载速率、应变幅值、环境温度等因素对超弹性SMA应力应变曲线及各力学性能参数的影响,得出影响SMA超弹性性能的主要因素及变化规律.结果表明,应变幅值和加载速率是影响SMA耗能能力的主要因素,且经一定次数循环拉伸训练后SMA能具备稳定的耗能阻尼性能,是制作阻尼器用于结构振动控制的理想材料.基于应变幅值对SMA丝耗能效果的影响,文章设计了一种位移旋转放大型SMA阻尼器,能放大SMA丝的变形,增强其在结构小位移时的耗能效果.     

超弹性NiTi丝力学性能试验研究

本文对NiTi形状记忆合金丝的超弹性性能进行了试验研究,验证其用于被动控制装置的可行性。研究了常温下加载速率、应变幅值、循环次数等加载工况对形状记忆合金的相变应力、耗能能力、变形模量、等效阻尼比及残余应变等力学性能参数的影响规律。试验分析结果表明,NiTi丝具有良好的耗能性能、较大的可恢复变形,是制作被动阻尼器装置的良好材料。为进一步开发新型SMA被动阻尼器奠定了基础。     

一种新的超弹性形状记忆合金本构模型

Graesser模型以应力-应变增率形式表述了形状记忆合金(SMA)本构关系,具有形式简单、能反映SMA动态力学特性的优点;但忽略了加载路径对模型参数的影响,造成预测误差.依据超弹性SMA的拉伸试验结果,在Graesser模型基础上提出了改进模型:将滞回曲线分为加荷阶段、卸荷至马氏体逆相变完成阶段、母相弹性卸荷阶段三部分,每部分采用各自的参数.数值模拟比较表明:改进模型能很好地捕捉超弹性SMA在静荷下的应力-应变特征,在一定程度上反映加荷速率对其滞回性的影响,且较Graesser模型具有更高的预测精度.     

循环加载下TiNi形状记忆合金超弹性变形行为

超弹性是形状记忆合金（shape memory alloy,SMA)重要的力学性能之一，通过试验研究了具有不同加载速率和不同试验温度的循环加载条件下TiNi形状记忆合金超弹性变形行为。分析了循环变形期间相变应力和弹性模量变化的特性。得到了加载期间残余应力和残余应变的关系。在具体循环变形的机械训练之后，研究了不承载情况下加热和冷却所产生的两方向变形。     

粘贴形状记忆合金丝的复合树脂板振动分析

在复合结构中粘贴形状记忆合金(shape memory alloy,SMA)丝,利用其受限回复时产生较大回复应力和其弹性模量随温度变化的特性,实现对结构变形和振动响应的主动控制.基于Liang模型并取其相变系数Ω=-700 MPa,求出受限约束下的回复应力与弹性模量.根据应力应变关系,把回复应力转化为回复应变.用ANSYS模拟复合薄板在两端固定条件下,加热SMA丝对其固有频率以及振动响应的影响.同时试验研究同样约束条件下,粘贴SMA丝复合薄板的固有频率随温度的变化特性,发现二者的结果很吻合,证明相关思想和技术方法是正确的.     

基于磁共振影像的乳腺癌计算机辅助检测方法综述

β钛合金具有良好的力学性能、高耐蚀性以及优异的生物相容性，在生物医用材料领域备受关注。β钛合金的超弹性归因于应力诱发的β→α"马氏体相变及其逆转变。阐述了影响β钛合金超弹性的因素，归纳了提高合金超弹性的方法。通过添加合金元素调整相变温度和滑移临界应力使得应力诱发马氏体相变更易发生，延迟β相塑性变形的发生，能够获得更大的相变应变和超弹性回复。通过优化热处理工艺和加工方法调控合金的相组成、晶粒尺寸、位错密度和织构等，也可提高合金的可回复应变，增强合金的超弹性。     

形状记忆合金超弹性的Preisach滞回模型

目的以形状记忆合金（SMA）单向拉伸试验结果为基础，建立其超弹性的Preisach滞回模型方法以Preisach滞回理论为基础，采用数值分析和实验验证相结合的方法．创建了SMA超弹性一维滞回模型在完成SMA应力-应变单向拉伸试验的基础上．提取两组具有代表性的实验数据，一组用于训练Preisach滞回模型，另一组用于验证所提出模型的有效性结果用经训练的滞回模型计算出的应力-应变关系与实验结果吻合程度很好．结论所提出的SMA超弹性滞回模型．可以有效的表达SMA超弹性应力-应变关系。     

NiTi合金材料力学性能的测试与分析

采用一种新型的形状记忆合金(SMA)性能综合测试系统,对NiTi合金丝相变过程中的有关力学性能和电学性能进行测试与分析,得到其自由状态下的相变温度,约束状态下回复力随温度增加的曲线及其超弹性迟滞回线.为智能结构中SMA元件的设计提供参考和依据.     

形状记忆合金的宏观力学本构模型

结合作者提出的形状记忆因子的概念,阐述了形状记忆合金（SMA）超弹性和形状记忆效应的微观机理,将SMA的超弹性和形状记忆效应统一归结为形状记忆效应.重新定义了形状记忆因子,并明确了其物理意义.利用SMA在相变过程中马氏体体积分数和相变自由能间的微分关系,建立了描述SMA相变行为的形状记忆演化方程.该形状记忆演化方程能同时考虑相变峰值温度、相变开始和结束温度对SMA相变行为的影响,并能描述SMA从孪晶马氏体向非孪晶马氏体的转变过程,克服了现存SMA相变方程或形状记忆方程的局限性,能更全面准确地描述SMA的相变行为.从宏观力学角度,建立了能全面描述SMA实现形状记忆效应的热力学本构方程,在假设SMA为各向同性材料的基础上,将该本构方程从一维推广到三维.该本构方程中的所有材料参数都可以通过宏观实验测定,比现存三维本构方程更便于工程实际应用.     

超弹性形状记忆合金简化多维本构模型

建立简单有效的多维本构模型是形状记忆合金(SMA)工程应用的关键问题之一.在NiTi形状记忆合金丝拉伸实验的基础上,根据Brison模型的相变动力学方程,得出了相变应力与加载条件的关系. 借助线性化方法,建立了SMA超弹性简化一维本构模型;基于塑性理论,将马氏体体积分数作为状态变量之一,推导了SMA超弹性简化多维本构模型,应用该模型对超弹性SMA进行了数值模拟,并与实验结果进行了比较.分析结果表明:理论模型曲线与实验曲线接近,理论模型能够较为准确地模拟形状记忆合金的屈服机制和耗能能力.该本构模型可以用于模拟复杂荷载条件下的SMA超弹性特性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that