Storm-time ionospheric disturbances monitored by GPS beacon measurements

The Total Electron Content (TEC) during three great storms, from April to August 2000, was collected by means of a GPS receiver located in Jingzhou (30.4° N, 112.2° E). The time-latitude-dependent features of ionospheric storms are identified using TEC difference images based on the deviations of TEC during storm relative to quiet time. The responses of ionospheric TEC to magnetic storms were analyzed. The results show that: 1) In middle and low latitude, ionospheric storms effects are more apparent in local day time than at night: 2) Ionospheric storm effects are more dominant near the hump of the equatorial anomaly region than in other regions of TEC measurements; 3) The positive effects during the main phase of ionospheric storm may be caused by electric fields in low latitude; 4) During the recovery period of ionospheric storm, the negative phase of storm may be due to the perturbation of the neutral gas composition. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (49984001) Biography: Pei Xiao-hong (1977-), male, Master candidate, research direction: studying ionosphere on GPS beacons.     

Correlative ionospheric disturbances in the sunlit hemisphere during the flare on July 14, 2000

Using GPS data obtained from GPS sites located on the sunlit hemisphere during the flare on July 14, 2000, the ionospheric response to the flare was analyzed. A kind of tiny correlative ionospheric fluctuations were revealed from the temporal total electron content (TEC) curves derived from GPS measurements, and the values of this kind of disturbances are about 1015 m-2. A comparative analysis of these disturbances and soft X-ray flux detected at GOES satellite during the flare is done. It is found that this kind of disturbances revealed in the temporal TEC curves did occur in a very large area of sunlit ionosphere and its behavior is mainly controlled by the characteristics of the flare's extra radiation. Because the similar fluctuations are not found in the curve of soft X-ray flux, it is concluded that the flare extra radiation in EUV band should have corresponding fluctuations and it is the fluctuations that cause the TEC disturbances. The height, where the disturbances occur, should be in the F region.     

Model analysis method (MAM) on the effect of the second-order ionospheric delay on GPS positioning solution

In this paper,we develop an approach to study the effect of second-order ionospheric delay on GPS positioning based on the ionosphere-free combination (abbreviated to Lc) of GPS dual-frequency carrier phase observables,in which the first-order ionospheric delay has been eliminated.GPS data from IGS WUHN tracking station during April 9 23,2003 is used to perform the above approach,and results show that the second-order ionospheric delay in GPS so-called ionosphere-free observables will result in the regular ...     

GPS接收机中锁频环频率误锁的检测

为了解决全球定位系统(GPS)接收机中的锁频环在载波同步过程中可能出现的频率误锁问题,在分析了锁频环在噪声环境下的工作原理及产生频率误锁原因的基础上,基于有无发生频率误锁时同一信息符号对应的多个预检测积分值的变化规律,提出了一种用于频率误锁检测和快速纠正的算法。仿真结果表明:该方法能够在锁频环完成工作之后及时判决是否有误锁发生,误锁时可在1~2个导航比特时间内把载波频率调整到正确频率上。该方法实现简单,可有效消除频率误锁给信号同步时间带来的影响。     

Ionospheric eclipse factor method (IEFM) for determining the ionospheric delay using GPS data

By establishing the ionospheric eclipse factor (IEF) λ of the ionospheric pierce point (IPP) and its ionospheric influence factor (IFF) λ, and combining λ, λ with t of IPP, a new method of modeling high-precision ionospheric delay using GPS data-ionospheric eclipse factor method (IEFM)-is presented in this paper. The IEFM can effectively select the proper ionospheric models to model the total electron content (TEC) with different changes corresponding to annual, seasonal and diurnal variations. Initial experimental results show that the correction precision of ionospheric delay modeled by the IEFM seems to be close to that of using L3 GPS observations to directly correct the corresponding ionospheric delay.     

短波单站定位中电离层的模型选择与修正

短波单站定位实现了仅用一个测向站就能确定短波发射台的方向及位置,在短波单站定位中,影响单站定位精度的主要因素来源于电离层模型及电离层参数是否与实际情况相符.作者介绍了短波单站定位机理和两种实用的电离层模型,并对基于这两种电离层模型的射线反跟踪算法进行了分析比较.为了进一步提高单站定位精度,还提出了利用已知台修正电离层模型,并设计实现了该模型.     

自由定向坐标系中GPS网的平差计算

引进了与自由定向坐标系相对应的局部椭球，导出了ＷＧＳ－８４坐标系中的ＧＰＳ（全球定位系统）基线向量变换到局部椭球坐标系中的计算公式，讨论了局部椭球坐标系中ＧＳＰ网的平差计算和附合闭合差计算的方法与步骤，根据此模型编制的软件已经在生产中得到应用。     

退火单亲遗传算法求解旅行商问题及MATLAB实现

为了提高遗传算法求解较大规模旅行商问题的能力,在单亲遗传算法中引入两代竞争模拟退火选择操作,与倒位算子和插入算子相结合,同时加入保优操作,使遗传搜索效率、收敛速度都得到大幅提高,所花费时间、收敛迭代次数、最后结果明显优于一般遗传算法和单亲遗传算法.给出了用MATLAB实现算法的一些重要步骤和函数,并进行了简要说明.在仿真实例中,用一般遗传、单亲、退火单亲遗传算法对75个城市的TSP问题进行了求解,退火单亲遗传算法对280、535个城市TSP问题进行了求解.结果表明,退火单亲遗传算法最终所得结果最好,但收敛所花时间约为一般遗传的2.5%,单亲遗传的20%,迭代次数为一般遗传的20%,单亲遗传的25%.     

高层建筑动态变形的GPS监测技术

介绍了利用GPS技术测量高层建筑变形的原理及试验模拟与监测过程;重点阐述了GPS动态特征模拟数学模型及不同外界环境条件下试验数据的采集及分析过程;通过对试验数据的分析处理,阐明了GPS技术在高层建筑动态变形监测中应用的可行性,指出了将GPS技术和自动分析及控制技术结合后在工程测量领域具有广泛应用前景。     

GPS(PPK)测量在矿山测量中的应用

简述了GPS(PPK)的测量原理,探讨了差分GPS(PPK)测量定位在矿山测量中的应用。     

对GPS模糊度解相关方法的一种改进

在双差载波相位模型中,整数-实数混合平差是无法避免的.通常的参数估计方法如加权最小二乘,只能给出浮点解,包括模糊度向量也只是实数解.为了加速整周模糊度的搜索过程,解相关的方法得到了应用,并被证明是行之有效的.在此,主要讨论了LLL方法.为了对该解相关方法的分析尽可能地具有现实和统计意义,利用随机模拟方法得到了没有任何先验信息的对称正定矩陈,作为模糊度向量的方差-协方差矩阵.针对现有方法中的不足,提出了改进后的LLL方法,并利用条件数作为评判解相关程度的准则,证明其是切实可行的.     

GPS快速静态定位的理论和方法

概述了传统的静态定位的数据处理方法,并结合课题研究重点叙述了基于FARA的快速静态定位的理论和方法。     

GPS与GIS集成在公安交通指挥系统中的应用

在讨论GPS(全球卫星定位系统)与GIS(地理信息系统)集成在公安、交通指挥系统中应用的基础上,探讨了系统中电子地图的空间数据组织,卫星定位系统的组成、原理及特点。在经典图论中的Dijkstra最短路径算法的基础上,对搜索路径进行了优化,减少了搜索范围即减少永久标记结点的数量,从而提高搜索的速度。加入了对回避点的处理,即能够在计算最短路径时,避开指定的回避点。另外对起点和终点是线段内的情况也进行了处理,使路段中间的点也能被选为起点、终点或回避点。通过实际应用,取得了良好的效果。     

一种应用于GPS/低成本INS组合导航的自适应滤波算法

为了提高在全球卫星定位系统(GPS)接收机导航解更新间隔期间组合导航系统的定位精度,在分析了惯导系统(INS)误差模型的基础上,使用一种对噪声协方差矩阵进行实时自适应估计的算法改进了通常使用的标准Kalman滤波器。采集清华大学内的跑车实测数据,并使用自适应算法进行处理,结果表明:该方法可以有效地提高GPS导航解间隔期间组合导航系统的定位精度,整体定位精度可以提升近10%,在车辆行驶状态变化较大的路径中获得了最高达40%的位置精度提升。该方法易于实时实现,在实际工程实现中具有一定的应用前景。     

GPS在列车完整性检查中的应用研究

研究利用GPS进行列车完整性检查的方法,通过试验结果来验证这种方法的有效性及准确度,并对报警门限和报警方式进行了研究.     

大规模无线传感网络数据收集的无人机路径规划

针对部署在地表交通困难的大规模无线传感网络,采用目前可控无人机(unmanned aerial vehicles, UAV)进行数据收集能够达到更好的效果. 然而,考虑到无人机自身有限的资源,以及网络中存在大量传感器节点的情况,无人机飞行路径规划对于顺利完成数据收集任务具有重要作用. 无人机路径规划可以看作经典的旅行商问题(traveling salesman problem,TSP). 针对部署具有均匀性特点的大规模无线传感网络,提出了一种规则化快速路径规划(fast path planning with rules, FPPWR)算法. 该算法通过网格划分,将全局区域飞行路径的求解划分到多个较小的方格中进行,并通过成对算子路径优化算法在初等飞行路径上将方格区域中的路径合并为全局路径. 实验证明,该算法在保证了较高精度的同时,显著提升了路径规划的效率.      

双机串口互联实现GPS数据的模拟读取

提出了一种利用两台以串口互相连接的计算机来实现对GPS全球定位系统定位信息的模拟发送和接收的方法。     

基于GPS弹道测量的卡尔曼滤波参数估计算法

为提高基于GPS定位的弹道辨识方法的实时性和可靠性,提出了一种以弹道微分方程四阶龙格库塔数值积分预测作为状态量递推的卡尔曼滤波弹道参数估计算法,并针对卫星接收机有粗大误差或失效情况对方法进行了改进. 利用卫星信号模拟器和C/A码GPS接收机构建半实物仿真系统对算法进行验证,该方法的弹道参数估计误差是GPS接收机正常工作时测量误差的30%～40%;且能在GPS接收机出现异常时继续给出接近实际的估计值.     

GPS monitoring of the crustal motion in southwestern China

Through GPS carrier phases observation in southwestern China during 1991–1997, the velocity field within eastern Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) and its neighbour regions has been established. The velocity of those sites in and west of Chuan-Dian block is mostly 5–10 mm · a^™1 relative to the fiduciary station CHDU (Chengdu), and the motion in Chuan-Qing and Yangtze blocks east of the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault is weak with a velocity of about 0–7 mm · a⁻¹. The velocity vector in these areas indicates a clockwise rotation vortex rather than the so-called intensive eastward pushing or eastward escape. The main pattern of the crustal deformation is a clockwise rotation vortex structure and a differential slip along the boundary fault between different blocks.     

基于卡尔曼滤波的GPS导航系统故障检测

提出了一种将卡尔曼滤波器与神经网络相结合的导航系统故障检测结构.针对GPS系统的非线性特点,利用扩展卡尔曼滤波推算状态的预测值,并与实际观测值进行比较得到残差,同时采用Elman网络构成时延神经网络,利用残差的当前值及前多个历元的历史值进行故障检测.最后,计算机仿真验证表明,与χ2卡方检测方法比较,该结构不但可以快速检测出系统故障,提高故障检测的概率,而且能进行有效的故障隔离,具有很好的容错性能.