大熊猫IL-2基因的克隆与序列分析

本实验应用反转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）技术，从ConA诱导培养的大熊猫外周血淋巴细胞总RNA中扩增得到大熊猫IL-2基因，并将其克隆到PGEM-T载体中．经菌落PER鉴定、序列测定及序列分析，结果表明，经克隆得到的IL-2基因开放阅读框由465个核苷酸组成，编码一个由155个氮基酸组成的多肽，包括编码20个氨基酸的信号肽和135个氨基酸的成熟肽，该基因（已在Genbank中登录，序列号为：DQ852339）与已知的其他哺乳动物如犬、猫、人、猪、牛、羊、马、兔、鼠等的IL-2核苷酸同源性在66.5％（鼠）～91．5％（犬）之间；IL-2编码氨基酸同源性在54．8％（鼠）-85．2％（犬）之间；进化树构建结果表明大熊猫与犬亲缘关系最近．     

SARS冠状病毒及相关病毒的分子系统学分析

根据SARS冠状病毒及其相关病毒的基因组核酸序列和3种不同蛋白质序列，应用最大简约法和最小进化法重建系统发育树；并对SARS冠状病毒的11个推测蛋白质(ORF)做BLAST分析。结果表明，SARS冠状病毒和鼠肝炎病毒——牛冠状病毒分支构成姊妹群。其单系群性质得到强有力的统计学支持。这暗示了SARS的爆发可能源自种间屏障的突破事件，该病毒天然宿主可能为猪、牛或鼠。SARS冠状病毒与已知的人冠状病毒分属冠状病毒科的不同分支，因此致病机制可能有很大不同。3个基因的系统树分支格局的一致性表明：SARS冠状病毒这3个主要基因与其他冠状病毒间不存在重组，但全部11个ORF的BLAST分析却认为其基因组上一些小的区段可能与其他病毒存在重组。     

新城疫病毒HB92株NP基因序列测定和分析

对NDV HB92株NP基因进行了序列测定和分析．结果显示，NDV HB92株NP基因全长1744个核苷酸，开放阅读框共1470个核苷酸，编码489个氨基酸；与其他10株NDV NP基因核苷酸同源性为88．3％～99．1％，氨基酸同源性为91．0％～98．9％；但HB92株与其亲本株QV4的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性只有90．3％和95．0％，不如与弱毒和中毒株的高；系统进化分析表明，HB92株与弱毒和中毒株的进化关系更近．以上结果表明，HB92株NP基因在序列上已远离无毒株而趋于向弱毒和中毒株进化．     

引起人非典型性肺炎的冠状病毒基因组与其它冠状病毒基因组的初步比较

一种在世界范围内突然爆发的致命流行病——急性呼吸窘迫综合症(SARS)击倒了数干人，一种全新的冠状病毒被认为是其病原．5个SARS相关冠状病毒的全基因组序列已经完成．我们进行了SARS相关冠状病毒和其它冠状病毒的基因组进化分析和序列比较，结果显示：1．SARS相关冠状病毒不直接来自于任何已知的冠状病毒；2．E蛋白的基因可能是在近期从其它病毒横向转移到SARS病毒中来的；3．Sl和S2基因发生了较大范围的缺失或插入突变．这些基因横向转移和突变改变了SARS相关病毒的表面结构和抗原性，极有可能是导致其获得侵染人类细胞的主要原因．     

新疆石河子地区牛病毒性腹泻病毒的分子流行病学调查

根据GenBank中公布的牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）5’UTR保守区基因序列,设计3对引物,应用逆转录一聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测方法对采白石河子地区3个场的64份牛全血样品进行核酸检测及测序。结果表明：BVDV阳性率为39．06％（25／64）,其中有22对母子对应样品,母牛阳性率为40．91％,犊牛为45．45％,提示新疆石河子地区BVDV垂直感染较严重。9头牛表现临床症状,阳性率为22％,其余为临床健康牛,阳性率为41．81％,数据显示新疆石河子地区奶牛BVDV隐性感染严重。测序得到2条不同的序列,经5’UTR区域核酸序列同源性比较和系统发生分析表明2株病毒与VEDEVAC（匈牙利弱毒疫苗株）亲缘关系最近,同源性达96．2％-100％,用DNASTAR软件进行基因与系统发生进化关系分析属于BVDV-1b基因亚型,未检测到BVDV-2型病毒。提示新疆石河子地区BVDV流行株为BVDV—1b亚型,且经生物型鉴定,所测阳性样品为非致细胞病变型。本研究可为今后的流行病学研究和疫苗应用等防制措施提供依据。     

新疆绵羊种布鲁氏菌GroEL基因的克隆及序列分析

参考牛种布鲁氏菌的GroEL（热休克蛋白）基因设计引物,扩增出新疆绵羊种布鲁氏菌GroEL基因片段,将其片段克隆到T载体上测序。结果表明：新疆源布鲁氏菌GroEL基因片段长1641bp,编码546个氨基酸,与羊种（B．melitensis）、猪种（B．suis）以及牛种（B．abortus）GroEL基因的核苷酸序列同源性分别为99．88％、99．82％、99．88％,推导的氨基酸序列同源性在99％以上,显示了很强的保守性。     

副猪嗜血杆菌hhdB-A基因的鉴定和分析

为了明确副猪嗜血杆菌致病菌株的毒力相关因子,从广东省不同地区发病猪场送检病猪中分离到9株细菌(H1～H9),并对其hhdB-A基因进行了鉴定和分析。结果显示,所分离的9株细菌经形态观察、生化特性鉴定和PCR鉴定为副猪嗜血杆菌阳性,并具有卫星现象和不溶血特征。用hhdB-A基因引物从分离菌株中扩增到了特异性片段,序列分析表明,所获得的hhdA基因序列与GenBank中副猪嗜血杆菌SH0165,HPS59的hhdA基因同源性为98%～100%,分离菌株hhdA基因之间序列同源性为99.0%～99.9%;hhdB基因序列与SH0165的hhdB基因同源性为99%,分离菌株hhdB基因之间序列同源性为97.5%～99.8%;推导的氨基酸序列与少数放线杆菌、杜克雷嗜血杆菌的溶血素蛋白具有一定的相似性。RT-PCR扩增到了hhdB-A基因的目的条带,表明该基因在分离菌株中得到了相应的表达。     

黑线仓鼠MHCⅡ类DQA基因外显子2的克隆与序列分析

为了探明黑线仓鼠MHC的结构与功能并寻找分子标记,对MHCⅡ类DQA基因的外显子2进行克隆和序列分析．提取黑线仓鼠3个群体（吴村、沂南和临朐）的基因组DNA构建基因池,利用PCR技术扩增得到249bp的片段,将该目的片段连接到pMD18-T载体中,重组质粒转入大肠杆菌DH5α后利用蓝白斑法筛选阳性克隆,测序后得到该目的片段的核苷酸序列（Genbank登录号：FJ209306）并推导出氨基酸序列．结果表明：黑线仓鼠、人类、大鼠、小鼠、猪、马、牛、兔之间DQA基因外显子2的核苷酸序列同源性为68．7％-85％,氨基酸序列同源性为56．8％-83．5％,黑线仓鼠与大鼠、小鼠亲缘关系更近．测序得到的OQA基因外显子2的序列在物种间具有丰富的多态性,可以作为物种遗传分析的分子标记．     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)H52疫苗株S1基因的克隆与序列测定

根据国外已发表的鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)S1基因序列。设计了一对引物并以RT-PCR特异性扩增出IBV H52疫苗株的S1基因，基因产物大小为1．62kb，与设计相符，对其进行序列测定后，与其他标准毒株H120，M4l，BEAU株的S1基因进行同源性比较，结果表明，H52株与H120，M41和BEAU株的核苷酸序列的同源性分别为91．1％，96．9％和96．8％，由此可以看出，IBVH52疫苗株与标准毒株在Sl基因上具有高度的同源性。     

SARS及其它冠状病毒基因组组织结构和序列的初步比较分析

严重急性呼吸综合症(Severeacuterespiratorysydrome,SARS)是一种全新的传染性疾病,它可能主要是由冠状病毒的一个变种引起的.本文比较SARS及其它冠状病毒基因组组织结构和序列变异的情况,初步的结果表明:①尽管SARS病毒与冠状病毒属的另外6种病毒基因组序列上有较大的差异,但是它们具有较相似的基因组组织结构;②SARS病毒与牛冠状病毒、鼠肝炎病毒具有较近的系统发育关系;③虽然SARS病毒扩散的时间极短,但来自不同地区SARS病毒的DNA序列却存在一些突变,且这些突变又大多是改变氨基酸序列的非同义突变.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-