萧县黄土剖面的磁化率测量及意义

新近发现的萧县黄土剖面是关于淮河北部地区黄土堆积的初次报导．野外观察表明，该剖面可划分为４层古土壤和４层黄土．对该剖面磁化率测量表明，该剖面的磁化率曲线与古土壤一黄土系列有着高度的一致性．９个磁化率阶段的划分，说明磁化率测量比野外观察更能反映物质组成和古气候的细微变化．磁化率曲线峰谷变化的特征暗示该剖面堆积过程中气候转型事件的存在，这一剖面的的发现，填补了淮河中下游地区缺少黄土堆积的空白．     

黄土磁化率对千年-百年尺度气候事件的记录及其古气候意义

中国黄土高原的黄土-古土壤风尘堆积序列具有粒度细、沉积速率高和连续性好等特征,是古气候学研究的重要组成部分。黄土沉积物在轨道尺度上与全球气候关系密切,可以记录千年-百年尺度的快速气候事件。中国黄土古气候学取得的核心成果之一,就是磁化率可以作为东亚夏季风替代性指标,然而,磁化率在古气候研究中存在多解性,导致其在高分辨率研究中应用较少。文中选择黄土高原的赵家川和巴谢剖面磁化率数据,通过与格陵兰冰心和中国石笋等高分辨率古气候记录进行对比,发现赵家川剖面磁化率记录了4次Heinrich事件,巴谢剖面磁化率记录了全新世以来新仙女木、9.2 ka和4.2 ka 3次气候快速恶化事件。通过对比分析巴谢剖面磁化率记录的3次快速气候事件及其可能的驱动因素,认为太阳辐射减弱可能是主要因素。     

基于粒度建立1.2 Ma长武黄土剖面高分辨率时间标尺

中国黄土-古土壤堆积作为研究全球古气候古环境变化的三大支柱之一,清晰地记录了第四纪时期气候的干冷与暖湿变化.若对其所蕴含的全球变化信息进行更精确地研究,需要高分辨的时间标尺作为研究基础.本文以长武黄土-古土壤剖面为研究对象,通过将黄土-古土壤磁化率变化曲线与深海氧同位素变化曲线对比获得年龄控制点,以其32μm颗粒含量作为变量,利用粒度内插方法建立黄土时间标尺.并利用两种方法加以验证,获得了一条可靠的高分辨率的黄土-古土壤时间序列.     

洛种黄土中绿泥石的化学风化与磁化率增强

对最近１３０ｋａ来,洛川黄土－古土壤剖面中绿泥石和云母的分布特征及其与磁化率的关系进行了研究。发现在黄土和古土壤中,云母／绿泥石比值随粒级的减小而增大;在大于８μｍ粒级部分,黄土和古土壤样品的地云母／绿泥石比值相近,而在小于８μｍ的各粒级中,古土壤样品的云母／绿泥石比值较同粒级黄土样品为高,并且这种差别随粒级的减小而加大;洛川黄土剖面中云母／绿泥石比值曲线与磁化率分布曲线十分相似,两者之间存在密切     

武都黄土堆积及晚更新世以来环境变迁研究

武都黄土剖面的研究结果表明：它完整且高分辩率地记录了晚更新以来气候环境变化的历史，清晰易辨的黄土－古土壤系列和稳定的磁化率特征反映了这种变化的全过程；系统的元素地球化学分析证明了武都黄土物质构成主体部分与黄土高原一致；大旋回，大幅度的粒度变化特点说明受控于远距离，大尺度搬运过程及风力强弱的交替。     

长安县黄土中的风化壳与环境研究

据野外调查和室内鉴定 ,在长安县城南布容期 0 78- 0MaBP形成的黄土剖面中确定了三个时期的风化壳 ,它们由第 1 ,4,5层古土壤和风化破碎黄土构成 .黄土中的风化壳是红褐色古土壤在特定的气候条件下转变而成的 ,厚度在 3～ 6m之间 ,风化壳剖面常由 3～ 4个层次构成 ,发育时间为 5～ 1 0× 1 0 4a不等 .风化壳上部是发育好的红色古土壤 ,中部是含铁质胶膜的风化破碎黄土 ,下部是不含铁质胶膜的风化破碎黄土 .粘土矿物分析表明 ,黄土中的风化壳为伊利石 蒙脱石型和高岭石型之间的过渡类型 .黄土中风化壳发育时的年均降水量在 95 0～ 1 0 0 0mm之间 ,是黄土高原降水丰富的气候事件的显示 .风化壳的发育证明黄土中有些古土壤确属淋溶型森林土壤 ,当时亚热带气候至少迁移到了黄土高原东南部     

皖南风尘堆积—古土壤序列磁化率初步研究

将北方黄土研究中广泛应用的磁化率参数引入江南第四纪风尘堆积区研究,对安徽宣城风尘堆积－古土壤序列向阳剖面进行了系统的磁化率化采样、测试,根据该剖面磁化率及其曲线的变化特征,对其古气候指示意义进行了初步的探讨．     

西安狄寨塬全新世的古气候环境

对西安地区全新世以来的环境演变特征进行系统研究,建立该地区全新世以来黄土—古土壤沉积年代序列,揭示其反映的东亚冬、夏季风变迁规律,为预测西安地区乃至中国和全球未来环境的发展趋势提供依据.通过对西安白鹿塬刘家坡典型剖面全新世黄土—古土壤地层的岩性描述、地层划分和对比,结合泾阳县新庄村AMS14 C的年代测定和其他学者的测年数据,建立了该地区全新世以来黄土沉积年代序列.根据磁化率气候替代指标显示的曲线特征,阐述了这一替代指标在剖面上的变化规律,探讨了该黄土剖面所反映的东亚冬、夏季风强弱变化特点,论证和详细分析了西安地区全新世以来环境变化的特征和规律,进而对该剖面磁化率曲线特征与其他学者的孢粉谱建立的温度曲线对比,对西安地区全新世以来古气候的阶段性进行了详细分析和论证.将西安地区10 000年以来的气候演变划分为7个气候阶段.     

河南孟津地区中全新世环境变化及其对人类活动的影响

在河南孟津地区发现全新世古土壤－黄土沉积剖面和湖沼相沉积剖面。作者对这2个剖面之间进行了野外调查,绘制了其间的地层图,并在古土壤-黄土沉积剖面采样,对样品做了粒度、磁化率以及CaCO₃含量分析。通过古土壤－黄土沉积剖面与湖沼相沉积剖面的对比,研究了中全新世孟津地区环境变化及其对人类活动的影响。结果表明孟津地区在7020～5660aBP和4610～3755aBP是古湖泊形成和古土壤发育的时期,气候温暖湿润;在5660～4610aBP孟津地区经历了一次气候波动,湖泊缩小为零星湖沼, 古土壤发育中断;3755～3055aBP湖泊萎缩干涸,黄土开始沉积,气候转向冷干。河南龙山文化时代晚期,湖面水位较高,人类在古土壤上活动;二里头文化时期湖泊萎缩,人类活动向低处转移,湖泊完全干涸时人类开始在干涸的湖相沉积层上活动。     

甘肃天水全新世黄土粒度、磁化率特征及其古气候意义

结合光释光测年和文化遗迹的断代技术,在系统测试甘肃天水师家崖黄土-古土壤剖面的磁化率和粒度基础上,分析天水黄土-古土壤的沉积学特征和成壤演化特征,揭示天水地区全新世以来的气候变化规律.结果表明:师家崖剖面是典型的风成堆积的黄土剖面,全新世剖面中粒度组成主要以粗粉砂(16～63μm)和细粉砂(2～16μm)为主,平均质量分数分别为54.9%、20.3%,其次为黏粒和砂粒;粒度参数显示,粒度组成较均一,分选性较好,峰态呈中等,偏度属正偏型.黏粒、细粉砂、黏粒/粗粉砂和磁化率在古土壤层出现高值,在黄土层为低值;而粗粉砂变化趋势相反.天水地区全新世时期气候变化可以分为3个阶段:全新世早期(11 500～8 500 aBP)气候温凉;全新世中期(8 500～3 100 aBP),气候总体上温暖湿润,但并不持续稳定,其中7 000～6 000 aBP出现气候波动;全新世晚期(3 100 aBP以来),气候又进入一个相对温凉少雨的时期.     

Contrasting magnetic properties from two loess/paleosol sections in Gansu Province, west China

We made comparison of magnetic property between two loess/paleosol sediments from the Beiyuan section, Linxia and the Shajinping section, Lanzhou. The two sections apart only 100 km in NE-SW direction. At the Beiyuan section, enhancement of the low-field magnetic susceptibility, ARM susceptibility and SIRM are observed in paleosols. The positive correlations among these three parameters suggest the presence of two magnetic components, i.e. the background component and the enhanced component. The unblocking curves of low-temperature IRM give strong evidence for the idea of the two components. On the contrary, the magnetic parameters are almost constant throughout the Shajinping section. The enhanced component is not found in the Shajinping section. The magnetic properties of the background component are indistinguishable between the two sections. Contrasting magnetic properties imply the difference of soil formation process between the two sections.     

Paleoclimatic significance of mineral magnetic properties of loess sediments in northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Loess deposit in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau offers an excellent record of climate and environment changes in this region.We have conducted multiparameter mineral magnetic analyses of smaples of loess deposits from the Dongchuan,Lalakou and Panzishan sections.The methods used include magnetic susceptibility,fre-quency-dependent suceptibility,temperature-dependent susceptibility,isothermal remanent magnetization acquisibility.Maghemite and hematite is also present in the loess layers and paleosol horizons.The higher concentration of maghemite in paleosols suggests that the formation of maghemite occurred during in situ pedogenesis,which plays an important role in the enhancement of the magnetic susceptibitily.Similar to that in the Chinese Loess Plateau lying to the east of the Liupan Mountains,magnetic granulometry in the studied loess and paleosols is predominantly pseudo-single-domain(PSD). However,the mean grain-size of the ferrimagnetic minerals in loess is evidently coarser (larger PSD and multiomain-like) than in paleosols (mainly PSD).The magnetic susceptibility of loess and paleosols is positively correlated with the content of ultrafine magnet-ite/maghemite grains,and hence with the intensity of in situ pedogenesis.Therefore,the enhanced magnetic susceptibility in the studied loess-paleosol sequences can be interpreted as being due to climatically induced in situ pedogenesis.     

南京下蜀土剖面磁化率测量及其与深海沉积的对比

本文通过对典型样品的低温磁行为分析探讨了磁化率反映古气候的机制,并尝试把下蜀土剖面磁化率古气候记录与华北黄土及深海沉积的记录相对比。     

Susceptibility variations of multiple origins of loess from the Ily Basin (NW China)

The magnetic susceptibility of loess from the Ily Basin,northwestern China shows maximum values in S0 paleosols but minimum values in other paleosols,the mechanism of which has been well debated.In this work,systematic magnetic measurements were made on a representative section from Neleke county.The results show that the loess horizons(L1,L2 and L3) have multi-domain magnetite grains of aeolian origin,S0 is characterized by production of pedogenetic ultrafine-grained ferrimagnetic minerals,and the other paleosols(S1,S2,and S3) are characterized by the formation of nonferrimagnetic minerals associated with waterlogging.The correlation between the low concentration of ferrimagnets,high paramagnetic content,high magnetic coercivity remanence,fine ferrimagnetic grain size and intensified pedogenesis suggest two competing processes of pedogenetic enhancement and pedogenetic depletion in the lower paleosols.Pedogenetic depletion dominates and is responsible for the low susceptibility.Changes in magnetic grain size distribution occur during pedogenetic depletion.The susceptibility variations are of multiple origins in the loess of the Ily Basin.Pedogenetic enhancement,pedogenetic depletion,and allochthonous input of magnetic minerals should all be taken into account to explain the variations of magnetic parameters.     

Rock-magnetic investigation of Siberia loess and its implication

Multiple-rock magnetic investigations conducted on the loess-paleosol sequences at Kurtak in Southwestern Siberia reveal that the mass-normalized low-field magnetic susceptibility profiles reflect changes in lithology between relatively unweathered primary loess of glacial periods and the interglacial paleosols. Maxima in susceptibility values correspond with the least-weathered loess horizons, and minima with the humic horizons of soils. Frequency-dependent susceptibility of the loess-paleosol sequences at Kurtak is very low and practically uniform, indicating the dominance of non-SP ferrimagnetic minerals and negligible pedogenesis. The history of temperature-dependence of susceptibility (TDS) and stepwise acquisition of the isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) have confirmed that magnetite is predominant magnetic mineral, and only few maghemite and probably hematite are present within the studied section. Anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility (AMS) can be used to monitor tilt and disturbance of the sedimentary layers, and also to provide information about the paleo-transport direction for Siberia loess.     

中国黄土中松山-高斯极性倒转事件记录的空间对比

前人古地磁学研究表明,中国黄土不同剖面中松山-高斯(M/G)地磁极性转换界线记录层位并不一致,有的记录在黄土中,有的记录在红粘土中,这种不一致现象将可能影响到基于古地磁的黄土年代框架的建立及与全球气候记录的准确对比。针对这一问题,选取目前已有的典型黄土剖面中M/G地磁极性转换研究的结果进行了对比分析,并尝试采用磁化率-深度曲线的空间对比来检验不同剖面M/G界线层位记录的差异,结果表明中国黄土中M/G界线均记录在由磁化率-深度曲线所反映的"黄土L33层",说明黄土中M/G界线层位记录不一致的现象可能主要是由于地层划分方案的差异所致。根据这一思想,论文尝试对传统的洛川、西峰黄土地层划分方案进行部分修订,并简要介绍了M/G界线记录的海陆对比差异和未来利用宇宙成因核素10Be示踪M/G极性倒转事件过程的可能性,以期为研究黄土中地磁极性转换过程和确切层位提供一种新方法。     

Thermally unstable maghaemite and its palaeoclimatic significance in Chinese loess

Magnetite and maghaemite are the two main contributors to magnetic susceptibility in the Chinese loess/palaeosol sequence. Due to the close similarity in physical properties, early investigators treated them together as "magnetite". Utilising the property of thermally instability of maghaemite, we have been able to separate it from magnetite in loess and palaeosol samples from the upper parts of the Xifeng and Luochuan sections on the central Chinese Loess Plateau and compare its variation with depth and horizon. Our results indicate that thermally unstable maghaemite is relatively enriched in both 1) weakly weathered loess units and 2) towards the west, the direction of dust supply, suggesting that maghaemite is at least partially (coarse grains) of detrital aeolian origin while some pedogenic maghaemite (extra fine grains) occurs in the palaeosols. The physical meaning of magnetic susceptibility, therefore, needs to be reconsidered as a synthetic indicator reflecting the palaeoenvironment for both source area and deposition area. Thermally unstable goethite is a minor magnetic component of palaeosol samples, but it may play a significant role in determining characteristic magnetic remanence of weakly weathered loess samples, especially when one applies alternating-field cleaning.     

Mid-Late Quaternary loess-paleosol sequence in Lantian’s Yushan,China: An environmental magnetism approach and its paleoclimatic significance

The application of rock magnetism methods to investigating the variations of magnetic minerals in the sediments is an important approach to the reestablishment of paleoclimate evolution. Thus we performed fine magnetic measurements on the loess-paleosol sequence (from L15 upwards to S5, in which L is short for Loess, S is short for Paleosol, the same hereinafter) of Yushan stratigraphic section, which is on the southeastern margin of Chinese Loess Plateau, in Lantian County of China’s Shaanxi Province, and the thickness of which is ca. 40 m. Our study shows that the primary magnetic carriers of loess and paleosol in this section are magnetite, maghemite, hematite and goethite. Thermomagnetic analyses on the samples of representative horizons show that the higher pedogenesis degree of the sediments, the smaller variations of magnetization there will be before and after heating, probably related to the pedogenic alteration of loess sediments. Analyses of several magnetic parameters show a significant discrepancy between the paleoclimatic conditions recorded in the strata from the loess unit L15 upward to the paleosol unit S5 in the study area and those recorded in the relative strata of other sections on the Chinese Loess Plateau, and those recorded in marine sediments, indicating the great impact of regional geological background. Similarly, the rapid and intensive change recorded in the segment from L15 to S9-1, and the significant difference between the paleoclimate evolutions of the two periods before and after the change (from L15 to S9-1, and from L9 to the base of S6) indicate the strong alteration of magnetic carriers in the study area as a result of the alternations of summer and winter monsoons in East Asia.     

末次间冰期陇西黄土记录与气候不稳定性问题的初步研究

陕西黄土高原黄土记录的分辩率较高，Ｓ１古土壤厚达８．５ｍ，主要由两个古土壤组和其间黄土层组成。临夏塬堡剖面上可分为５个古土壤层，主要黄土层记录了末次间冰期内的较干冷高粉尘堆积时期。