酸化返排液/原油乳状液的破乳脱水研究

 酸化返排液与原油混合可形成稳定性强的乳状液,影响原油的脱水及原油沉降罐的安全运行.通过室内实验考察温度、破乳剂加量、pH 值及降黏剂加量对乳状液黏度和破乳效果的影响,并采用显微镜观察不同阶段乳状液微观形态变化.实验表明:酸化返排液与原油混合成的乳状液其黏度随温度升高先急剧下降,后平缓下降,在温度低于40℃时乳状液稳定性较强,温度50~60℃时,随着温度升高,乳状液脱水率上升幅度不大,综合选取破乳温度为50℃;添加破乳剂有利于降低乳状液黏度,但效果不明显,破乳剂加量越大,乳状液破乳效果越好,当破乳剂加量达到150 mg/L 后,随破乳剂用量加大,乳状液脱水率上升幅度不大,综合选取破乳剂加量为150 mg/L;调节酸化返排液pH 值至6.0～7.0 有利于乳状液破乳,pH 值越高,油水界面变得棱角分明,脱出水的原油结构更加紧密;加入降黏剂后,乳状液脱水速度明显加快.研究结论对指导油田酸化改造后,井口初期返出的乳状液实施破乳具有借鉴作用.     

聚合物型原油破乳剂的合成与破乳性能研究

聚合物型原油破乳剂是利用1种或2种以上的烷氧基化剂与1种乙烯基单体反应而合成的原油脱水剂.本文介绍了聚合物型原油破乳剂的合成机理,探讨了烷氧基化剂和乙烯基单体的选择过程以及二者的配比;探讨了游离基引发剂、溶剂的选择方法和破乳剂的筛选过程,优选了合成工艺路线.合成出了适合辽河油田的XA 205,XA 206型破乳剂,以及适合胜利油田原油的Q 85型破乳剂.破乳试验表明,这类破乳剂的破乳能力强,破乳速度快,药用量低,对原油的适应性强.     

界面张力法评价原油破乳剂的性能

基于原油乳状液的稳定性与油水之间的界面张力息息相关,提出了一种破乳剂的性能评价方法。该方法通过测定油水相之间的界面张力来评定多种原油破乳剂的用量及性能;同时,通过瓶试法考察了这几种破乳剂产品的脱水性能,实验结果与界面张力法一致。该方法适宜于破乳剂的初期筛选,可以快速、高效的筛选出一批性能比较优异的破乳剂。     

原油破乳剂破乳的认识浅谈

原油乳状液的稳定性越强,破乳难度越大,给原油的脱水处理带来了很多问题。原油乳状液破乳的问题得到许多专家的分析研究,目前化学破乳剂破乳法被全国各大油田所广泛应用。但对于马北试采作业区而言破乳剂的研究还不够深入,仍然存在破乳剂种类单一,破乳剂破乳温度、用量不够准确等诸多问题。     

炼油厂中乳状液的破乳研究

针对石油加工过程中产生的原油乳状液、塔顶冷凝水乳状液和高酸度柴油碱洗乳状液,合成了有效的破乳剂,并对乳状液的形成与稳定存在的原因、破乳及破乳机理进行了研究。     

利用声化方法对复杂乳化原油的破乳脱水研究

从理论上分析了超声波和化学方法联合破乳的可行性 ,并用实验方法验证了联合破乳脱水的效果。实验结果显示 ,化学破乳剂和超声波联合作用可以进一步提高原油的破乳脱水效率。在破乳剂最优用量的实验条件下 ,对乳化原油进行超声处理 30min ,沉降 3h ,脱水率可以达到 90 %以上。模拟现场脱水流程条件 ,利用该方法对常规方法不能有效破乳的聚合物驱及化学驱出液掺混稠油形成的复杂乳状液进行了破乳脱水试验。结果表明 ,声化联合破乳具有较高的脱水效率。     

利用声化方法对复杂乳化原油的破乳脱水研究

从理论上分析了超声波和化学方法联合破乳的可行性，并用实验方法验证了联合破乳脱水的效果。实验结果显示，化学破乳剂和超声波联合作用可以进一步提高原油的破乳脱水效率。在破乳剂最优用量的实验条件下，对乳化原油进行超声处理30min，沉降3h，脱水率可以达到90％以上。模拟现场脱水流程条件，利用该方法对常规方法不能有效破乳的聚合物驱及化学驱出液掺混稠油形成的复杂乳状液进行了破乳脱水试验。结果表明，声化联合破乳具有较高的脱水效率。     

有机硅改性聚醚OF-125原油破乳剂的合成及其性能研究

针对克拉玛依油田现有原油破乳剂对稠油乳状液破乳效果不理想的现状,本文以多胺类嵌段聚醚为基础物,与丙烯酸酯化后和含氢硅油进行硅氢加成的方法进行改性。实验结果表明:采用一锅法,在聚醚∶烯酸∶氢硅油为10∶0. 8∶1. 1(质量比),对甲苯磺酸0. 08%,氯铂酸40μg/g,反应温度80℃,反应时间8 h的最佳条件下合成了有机硅改性的OF系列破乳剂,并对其进行了表征;在反应温度75℃时,改性后的OF125原油破乳剂在有效加药量减少40%的条件下,破乳效果优于现用的破乳剂。     

模拟油乳状液的制备及稳定性的研究

研究了煤油与原油配制模拟油乳状液的稳定性,应用显微镜测定了模拟油乳状液粒子的粒径.实验确定了配制模拟油乳状液的最佳原油与煤油比、乳化速度、乳化时间和油水比.对破乳剂OX-9354和OX-9351在模拟油与原油乳状液中的脱水情况进行了对比,表明脱水率变化趋势相同,模拟油可以用来评价破乳剂.     

陕北原油破乳剂与添加剂复配研究

为了得到陕北原油的优良复配破乳剂，用该地区有代表性的宝塔区、安塞和子长原油，在实验条件下从该地区正在使用的商品破乳剂申筛选出四种．破乳脱水睦能较好的破乳刺．GT-940、YT-100、SP-169、HQ96-1。将这四种破乳剂与OP乳化剂、洗衣粉等添加剂按不同比例进行破乳剂-添加剂复配。发现只有GT-940与OP乳化剂和洗衣粉的复配破乳剂对宝塔区原油的破乳脱水性能得到改善。对宝塔区原油GT-940与OP乳化剂复配脱水率最高配比是4：1；GT-940和洗衣粉的复配物脱水率最高配比是2：3。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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