扁桃斑鸠菊抗氧化活性成分的提取与筛选

目的研究提取扁桃斑鸠菊(Vernonia amygdalina Del)叶中抗氧化活性成分的最佳工艺条件,并筛选活性最强的部位.方法以DPPH自由基清除能力为响应值,利用响应面法优化提取条件;用不同极性有机溶剂对扁桃斑鸠菊乙醇提取物进行萃取分离,以DPPH自由基清除能力和还原能力为指标,筛选抗氧化活性最强部位.结果响应面法优化的最优提取条件为:提取温度58.5℃、乙醇体积分数62%和料液比1∶24,在此条件下,获得的提取物DPPH自由基清除能力最强,理论预测值IC_(50)为70.04μg/m L,实际值IC_(50)为(69.20±0.61)μg/m L,说明建立的模型可较好地描述该实验中因素与指标的关系;各萃取部位的抗氧化能力大小依次为:正丁醇部位氯仿部位石油醚部位水相部位,其中正丁醇部位对DPPH自由基清除能力IC50为18.78μg/m L,与乙醇提取物比较提高了2.68倍.结论扁桃斑鸠菊体积分数为62%乙醇提取物的正丁醇萃取部位具有很强的抗氧化活性,值得进一步研究利用.     

地板藤根的抗氧化和抑菌活性研究

采用DPPH法测定地板藤根提取物及其不同溶剂萃取物的抗氧化活性,用微生物纸片法测定其乙醇提取物的抑菌活性.结果表明:地板藤根乙醇提取物及其乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取物对DPPH自由基(DPPH.)有较强的清除能力,并且这种清除作用随其质量浓度的增大而增加.地板藤根乙醇提取物及其乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取物清除DPPH.的半数有效量(EC50)分别为0.004 6、0.004 7、0.006 4 mg/mL.抑菌实验显示地板藤根乙醇提取物有弱的抑菌活性.     

小花忍冬叶提取物的抗氧化活性

通过T-AOC法、DPPH法、Fenton法体外抗氧化试验,对小花忍冬叶乙醇提取物的各个萃取部位进行抗氧化活性研究.结果表明,小花忍冬叶5种提取物均具有不同程度的抗氧化活性,乙酸乙酯部分羟自由基清除活性最强,IC_(50)值为67.0μg/mL;清除DPPH·自由基IC_(50)为7.2μg/mL,均高于对照Vc.研究结果提示小花忍冬叶乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯萃取部分具有很强的抗氧化活性,可作为一种新型的天然抗氧化剂和自由基清除剂,具有良好的开发前景.     

藏药革叶兔耳草粗提物的抗氧化活性研究

用工业乙醇提取革叶兔耳草全草粉末,减压浓缩得到乙醇浸膏,用蒸馏水溶解后,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,浓缩分别得到石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇的粗提物;采用DPPH法研究4种不同溶剂粗提物的抗氧化活性.试验结果表明:革叶兔耳草4种不同溶剂的粗提物均有一定的抗氧化活性,且抗氧化活性与粗提物的质量浓度呈一定的量效关系.尤其是乙醇粗提物具有较强的抗氧化活性,可作为一种新的自由基清除剂和天然抗氧化剂.     

叉毛蓬体外抗氧化活性的研究

从植物中探寻能够清除自由基的天然抗氧化剂是目前天然产物化学研究热点之一,本文研究了新疆藜科植物叉毛蓬的抗氧化活性成分。本研究采用乙醇加热回流法提取叉毛蓬中的有效成分,依次用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,再分别以DPPH、邻苯三酚自氧化和FRAP三种抗氧化活性分析方法对乙醇粗提物及各段提取物进行抗氧化评价,且与阳性对照抗坏血酸(AA)和叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)进行比较分析,结果表明:叉毛蓬不同溶剂提取物均有清除DPPH自由基、O2-·自由基的能力,也有一定的还原能力,但均弱于阳性对照AA和TBHQ。     

北五味子萃取物清除DPPH自由基作用研究

考察北五味子乙醇提取物及其各萃取组分(二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水)对DPPH自由基的清除能力.试验结果表明,随着五味子浓度的增加,五味子提取物及其各组分对DPPH自由基的清除能力有着不同的量效关系,其中乙酸乙酯组分对DPPH自由基清除能力最强,该结果可为五味子抗氧化作用的研究提供参考.     

9种傣药提取物对DPPH自由基清除作用的研究

对9种傣药用甲醇进行提取,得到的甲醇提取物依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇进行萃取,这样每一种傣药得到4种提取物,并用DPPH法测定了不同溶剂提取物清除DPPH自由基的能力,结果表明:不同傣药显示出不同的清除自由基的能力,在9种傣药中以黑皮跌打藤茎正丁醇提取物清除自由基的能力最强.同一种傣药不同溶剂提取物显示出不同的活性,通常其活性成分存在于乙酸乙酯和正丁醇提取物中,相比而言,石油醚提取物的活性最差.     

牛扁抗氧化和抗菌活性研究

为了有效利用野生牛扁资源,对牛扁不同极性提取物的活性进行了研究.结果表明牛扁提取物具有良好的抗氧化活性和抑菌活性.其中乙酸乙酯、正丁醇提取物对ABTS、DPPH、·OH自由基清除活性较强;石油醚提取物对ABTS、DPPH、·OH自由基清除能力次之;水提取物对ABTS自由基清除能力较好.乙酸乙酯提取物对白色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌均具有较强的抑菌活性,最低抑制浓度均为12.5mg/m L;正丁醇提取物对白色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌具有抑制作用,最低抑制浓度分别为100mg/m L、25mg/m L.     

橘皮抗氧化物质的提取及抗氧化性能研究

以橘皮为原料,采用不同溶剂、不同提取方法提取抗氧化物质,通过油脂氧化法对提取物作了抗氧化活性评价,并测定了自由基DPPH·的清除能力.结果表明:不同溶剂采用超声波法和索氏提取法提取抗氧化物的产率均在1.92%～28.12%,其中,用150 mL 95%乙醇和索氏提取法提取的抗氧化物产率最高,无水乙醇次之,乙酸乙酯最少;采用150 mL无水乙醇和索氏提取法得到的产物抗氧化活性最好,和BHT接近,而乙酸乙酯提取物的抗氧化活性最差;乙酸乙酯提取的抗氧化物对自由基DPPH·的清除能力好.采用超声波法和索氏提取法所提取的抗氧化物的抗氧化性差别不大,但超声波法易于操作且成本低,即超声波法优于索氏提取法.     

麻栎树皮多酚含量的测定及抗氧化活性的研究

采用分光光度法、DPPH法和连苯三酚红(PR)法对麻栎树皮提取物进行多酚化合物含量及抗氧化活性测定,讨论了用不同溶剂提取对多酚含量的影响.结果表明采用70%乙醇进行提取,提取物中多酚含量最高,为(6 589.91±43.32)mg/100 g.抗氧化活性测试中,麻栎树皮的不同溶剂提取物对DPPH自由基和羟自由基都表现出较高的清除率,其中麻栎树皮70%丙酮提取物的活性最好,在0.18 mg/m L质量浓度下,对DPPH自由基清除率为70%,在0.38 mg/m L质量浓度下,对羟自由基氧化率为75%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with