邻苯二甲酸二丁酯——蜡蚧霉代谢产物

利用高速逆流色谱对两株昆虫病原真菌蜡蚧霉发酵液的乙酸乙酯粗提物进行分离纯化,GC/MS对分离物进行检测.结果表明:利用高速逆流色谱经两相溶剂系统:正己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水(4∶5∶4∶5)均可从两菌株代谢产物中分离纯化得到邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,研究发现蜡蚧霉代谢产物中存在天然的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯.     

TDI在小鼠睾丸及附睾中的代谢

为阐明TDI在小鼠睾丸及附睾中的代谢过程,对TDI进行体外代谢研究.应用HPLC测定TDI在小鼠睾丸及附睾中的线性范围、回收率及代谢常数.TDI在小鼠睾丸及附睾中的代谢均附合一级动力学方程,平均回收率大于96%.TDI在小鼠睾丸及附睾中代谢为有毒性的产物,为TDI的生殖毒性提供了依据.     

TDI的急毒实验及其对骨髓微核率的影响

研究了2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯对小鼠的急性经口的毒性以及其对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率的影响.2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯小鼠经口的LD50为1995mg kg;在分别给予小鼠1 2LC50、1 4LC50剂量的2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯的染毒组与阴性对照组比较,差异呈显著性.     

基于气质联用代谢组学技术的玉屏风散抗疲劳作用研究

玉屏风散为古代经典名方,临床用于小儿慢性咳嗽、慢性肾炎等治疗,具抗炎、抗氧化活性、抗疲劳作用。应用气相色谱-质谱联用(gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, GC-MS)代谢组学方法考察玉屏风散对小鼠负重力竭游泳模型的抗疲劳作用及机制解释。将小鼠随机分为5组(正常组、模型组、玉屏风散低、中、高3个剂量实验组),每组6只。连续灌胃14 d,采用GC-MS技术分析各组小鼠血清中代谢物,进行多元统计分析获取差异性代谢物信息,构建代谢通路对抗疲劳作用进行解释。结果表明：玉屏风散高剂量组的小鼠负重力竭游泳时间显著长于模型组;给药组小鼠代谢轮廓趋近于正常组,表现一定抗疲劳作用。确定了血清中18种差异代谢物与负重力竭游泳模型有关,涉及的3条主要代谢通路为：亚油酸代谢,甘油代谢以及磷酸肌醇代谢。推测玉屏风散可能通过调节脂质代谢对负重力竭游泳模型小鼠发挥抗疲劳作用。     

聚天冬氨酸钙的毒性及血清半衰期初探

目的:对聚天冬氨酸钙进行初步毒理生物利用度的检测.方法:通过灌胃造成急性毒性确定半数致死量(LD50),并对小鼠蓄积毒性、骨髓嗜多染红细胞(PCE)微核试验和血清半衰期进行了研究.结果:受试物对小鼠的LD50大于5 000 mg/kg,属于无毒.以蓄积毒性剂量500 mg/kg连续灌胃给药20 d后,小鼠的体重和心、肝、脾、肺、肾、肠胃等器官在形状、大小、颜色等指标上与阴性组对照无明显差异.分别以500、800、1 000 mg/kg的剂量对小鼠连续灌胃2 d,PCE微核率分别为4.8±0.87‰、5.4±0.99‰、5.6±1.05‰,与阴性对照组比较无显著性差异.相同剂量灌胃后小鼠血清中药峰值出现时间为120、140和150 min,血清半衰期时间分别为:160、200和220 min,长于天冬氨酸钙的药峰值时间(20、30和40 min)和半衰期(均为50 min).结论:聚天冬氨酸钙属于无毒,其吸收和代谢相对缓慢,药效持续时间较长.     

大肠杆菌酶基因缺失菌株碳中心代谢系统的代谢通量分析

大肠杆菌(E.coli)因其遗传信息简单且容易培养而被广泛用作各种生物化学、生物技术研究的模式微生物.为了认识重要模式生物大肠杆菌的代谢系统中各种酶的作用,以软件分析的模式,对已经构建好的小型大肠杆菌代谢系统在cobra中进行代谢通量平衡分析FBA(Flux-Balance Analysis)和代谢通量变化性分析FVA(Flux Variability Analysis),分别单独敲除代谢系统中的25个酶基因,分析敲除各个酶基因后的FBA和FVA的计算结果,通过作图显示出在大肠杆菌代谢系统中不同酶基因被敲除后每个反应的两项结果变化和不同酶基因被敲除后全部反应的两项结果的变化,以此来推测大肠杆菌代谢系统中各种酶所起的作用.     

代谢组学法分析宫颈癌患者血清小分子代谢产物的初步研究

目的对宫颈癌患者血清进行代谢组学分析,以寻求潜在的宫颈癌肿瘤标志物.方法运用气相色谱/质谱法(gaschromatography/mass spectrometry,GC/MS)对宫颈癌患者和正常人的血清样本进行代谢组学分析,原始数据经过markerlynx XS软件处理,采用正交偏最小二乘辨别分析法进行分析(Orthognnal to partial least squares discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA),两组间结果采用t检验,寻找两组间差异性代谢产物.结果检测到血清中代谢产物共53种,多变量统计结果证明宫颈癌患者与对照组血清的代谢谱有明显差异.结论利用代谢组学法能筛选出宫颈癌患者,其代谢物对宫颈癌的诊断和治疗具有重要意义,并以此可以寻找宫颈癌新的肿瘤生物学标志物.     

基于气相色谱的铅中毒大鼠尿液代谢指纹图谱研究

代谢组学是近年来新发展起来的一门学科,其在毒理学领域的应用越来越受到关注.本文通过对色谱条件的优化建立了一种基于气相色谱的代谢组学技术,检测铅染毒大鼠内源性代谢物谱变化,并运用主成分分析的模式识别方法对这一变化过程进行分析.发现正常组、低剂量染毒组、中剂量染毒组以及高剂量染毒组大鼠处于不同的空间位置,说明随着染毒剂量的不同,各组大鼠的尿液代谢指纹图谱发生了明显的变化.进一步分析发现,各组大鼠的气相色谱图谱在保留时间为3.5 min和5.5 min时的差异对上述总体差异的贡献最大.表明不同剂量的铅染毒能导致大鼠的尿液代谢指纹图谱发生明显的改变,这种改变能用结合模式识别的气相色谱技术检测出来;气相色谱技术可作为核磁共振技术等其它平台的补充工具用于代谢组学研究.     

基于气相色谱—质谱联用代谢组学技术研究保元汤对血虚证小鼠的影响

利用基于气相色谱-质谱联用(gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, GC-MS)的代谢组学方法考察了保元汤治疗血虚证小鼠的作用机制;对昆明种小鼠腹腔注射环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide, CTX),建立了以白细胞减少为特征的血虚证小鼠模型,设立空白对照组、模型组、阳性对照组以及保元汤低、中、高3个剂量的给药组,连续给药14 d。采用GC-MS技术对各实验组小鼠的血清进行分析,获取差异性代谢物信息;采用主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)对空白对照组和模型组的代谢物进行分类,寻找并发现保元汤作用于血虚证模型小鼠后差异性代谢物的含量变化,同时检测各组小鼠血液生化指标,计算脾指数与胸腺指数。结果表明,保元汤能显著提升血虚证小鼠的白细胞数量,修复胸腺和脾脏的损伤,给药组小鼠代谢轮廓趋近空白对照组;血清中有10种差异性代谢物与CTX致免疫低下型血虚证相关,主要涉及亚油酸代谢等三条代谢通路,推测保元汤对血虚证的治疗作用可能通过调控脂肪酸类物质实现。     

阿魏酸甲酯一氧化氮供体在小鼠体内的药动学参数测定

目的:建立阿魏酸甲酯一氧化氮供体(FMND)的反相高效液相色谱分析方法,并对其在小鼠体内的药动学参数进行测定。方法:以乙酸乙酯提取后,漩涡,高速离心,氮气吹干,流动相复溶后进样。色谱条件:流动相为甲醇:水(70∶30),流速:1.0 mL/min。柱温:30℃。结果:小鼠灌胃给予50 mg/kg的FMND后吸收较快,迟滞时间为6.6 min,约1.5 h达到血药浓度高峰。体内分布符合有时滞的二室模型。分布半衰期为1.04 h,消除半衰期为9.44 h,吸收半衰期为0.94 h。结论:阿魏酸甲酯一氧化氮供体在小鼠体内吸收较快,分布平衡相对较快,消除半衰期较长。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with