整车气动声学风洞数值模拟

通过实际测量建立气动声学风洞计算域模型,考虑了试验段与外界的联通、脉动压力和瞬态气流交换,以便更好地重现风洞试验段流场的流动特性和非定常特性。将数值模拟结果与风洞实测结果在速度分布、静压梯度、风洞压力平衡口流场、缓冲口流场等具有代表性的流动和压力等特征物理量进行对比分析,结果表明：风洞计算域的数值模拟结果能够较好的贴合风洞的实际流动特征。使用实车模型分别在风洞计算与传统长方体计算域进行数值模拟计算,并与风洞试验结果进行对比分析,结果显示：应用风洞计算域的数值模拟结果更接近风洞试验结果。     

建筑数值风洞的基础研究

数值风洞模拟要想获得理想的计算精度,依赖计算人员的理论基础及其在具体操作中对各种重要因素的选择.针对这个问题,本文采用一个CUBE建筑模型的风洞试验的试验结果作为比较标准,比较了各种不同条件下的建筑数值风洞模拟结果和试验结果,着重分析了网格划分、计算区域、湍流模型和对流项的差分格式等因素对建筑数值风洞数值模拟结果的影响.模拟结果表明:在各种影响因素中,计算区域的影响相对较小,而网格划分、湍流模型的影响相对较大.最后给出如何对上述各种因素作出合理选择的建议.     

体育场馆膜建筑平均风压数值模拟及验证分析

为评估沿海某体育场大跨张拉膜建筑的外形合理性,将参数化建筑设计与开源计算流体力学方法结合,开发了针对稳态大气边界层建筑数值风洞的批量计算模块,能够自动建立考虑周围建筑和地形的计算网格模型,快速评估复杂膜建筑的平均风压分布规律。定量分析了底部看台、周围地形和建筑群对膜表面净风压分布规律的干扰以及不同张拉膜形体参数对建筑风荷载影响。结果表明：膜表面平均风压数值计算结果与风洞试验吻合一致;体育场馆底部观众看台会改变膜表面净风压整体分布规律,明显增加负风压;通过局部调整张拉膜形体参数,可以大幅度减少局部风压最大值和整体风荷载。本研究可为类似膜建筑外形设计提供参考,建议在评估膜外形方案合理性时考虑底部看台和周围建筑影响,采用风洞试验和计算流体力学方法确定风荷载。     

高超音速飞行器头罩气动热流场数值模拟

对几种不同外形的高超音速飞行器头部气动热效应进行数值模拟,采用Fluent软件对各飞行器进行三维薄层N-S方程数值计算,得到了不同外形的高超音速飞行器头罩外表面热流场分布.然后将计算结果与美国宇航局的超音速飞行器X33模型风洞实验结果进行分析和比较.分析表明:在五倍音速近地飞行时,其中两种外形头部的高超音速飞行器安装中波红外光学成像探测器制导是比较适合的.     

大跨度膜结构风压分布的风洞试验和数值模拟

为确定浙江工商大学体育场屋盖结构的风压分布,进行风洞试验研究,并采用数值模拟方法进行了对比分析.采用缩尺比为1:200的有机玻璃模型,在建筑串联回流式风洞中的大试验段进行了风洞试验,测得对应24个方向角的结构表面各点风压系数,采用标准k-ε,重正化群k-ε,可实现的k-ε和RSM四种湍流模型对屋面风压系数进行了数值模拟,将模拟结果与风洞试验数据进行了比较.结果表明,这种月牙形屋面的风压分布主要以吸力为主,迎风边缘及突出部位的风压系数较大,而在低凹处及尾流区域较小.数值模拟结果与风洞试验结果基本吻合,采用的四种湍流模型结果差异不明显.     

基于TSV软件的大型低速风洞8 m×6 m试验段结构有限元分析

大型低速风洞8 m×6 m试验段能够减少模型尺度效应,更好地模拟被测试模型的细节,在航空、航天等领域有着广泛的应用需求.风洞尺寸越大,对风洞结构的安全性、可靠性和建造成本的要求就越高,因此,在设计阶段就必须对风洞试验段进行整体结构强度、刚度分析以校核其运营的安全性.以有限元模拟仿真分析软件TSV-Solutions对8 m×6 m试验段进行结构强度分析和模态分析,根据结果提出优化改进风洞试验段的结构,并对优化后的结果进行分析,优化后的大型低速风洞8 m×6 m试验段整体结构的强度和刚度在各种载荷工况下都能满足工程要求,计算模态结果与原设计方案一致,验证了本分析模型的合理性和可靠性.     

考虑结构静气弹变形的连接机翼气动外形优化设计

以一种大展弦比连接翼布局的风洞模型机翼为优化设计例子,利用基于Euler方法的CFD分析软件和线化结构分析的FEM软件,采用CFD-FEM迭代正反设计方法,开展了考虑吹风模型机翼结构静气弹变形的机翼气动外形优化设计.风洞试验结果验证了设计良好效果,在设计点,优化设计的气动外形获得了约10%的升阻比收益.     

基于CFD方法的工程设计研究

该文简要地探讨了当前CFD方法在工程设计和科学研究中的应用历程,特别是对基于雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程的求解粘性流动的CFD方法进行了梳理分析,并通过与风洞试验结果(测力风洞试验中模型测得的升力系数和阻力系数结果)进行对比,验证了该方法的准确性和可靠性,表明CFD计算方法已经可以获得较为满意的气动预估结果,最后采用该方法对某型飞机表面天线罩外形进行了优化设计分析,为风洞试验方案选型提供指导和借鉴作用,极大地提升了设计工作效率,同时降低了研制成本和研制风险,具有广阔的应用前景.     

基于边界层风洞的下击暴流稳态风场特性数值模拟

针对下击暴流稳态风场模拟问题,基于计算流体动力学方法(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD),首先分别采用二维、三维冲击射流模型对下击暴流风场进行数值模拟,对下击暴流风场特性进行研究.在此基础上,根据下击暴流对桥梁结构作用主要受水平风速影响的特点,采用二维数值模拟方法对边界层风洞中设置倾斜平板模拟下击暴流水平风速风场进行了研究.最后,设计并加工了边界层风洞下击暴流水平风速模拟试验装置,在边界层风洞中进行了下击暴流水平风速风场模拟试验,并将数值模拟结果与试验结果和已有文献结果进行了比较.结果表明:下击暴流风场的二维冲击射流模型模拟结果与三维冲击射流模型模拟结果吻合较好,即二维冲击射流模型是一种有效的下击暴流风场简化模拟方法;在边界层风洞中设置倾斜平板所模拟的下击暴流水平风速风场数值模拟结果和风洞试验结果具有较好的一致性,并与冲击射流模型数值模拟结果和现场实测结果均吻合较好,即在边界层风洞中设置倾斜平板可模拟下击暴流水平风速稳态风场特性.     

开口式风洞喷口来流风速的修正

采用数值仿真方法对1∶15的３／４开口回流式汽车风洞进行模拟,并将喷口法和驻室法推导得到的风速与风洞喷口来流风速监测值进行对比,提出来流风速的修正方案.与风洞试验数据对比,验证了数值仿真方法的有效性.空风洞仿真结果表明：在不同来流风速下,两种方法计算结果皆与风洞喷口来流风速监测值接近.安装车辆模型的风洞计算结果表明：在不同雷诺数下,由于安装车辆导致的阻塞作用,喷口附近的压力受到影响,两种方法推导得到的风速皆需进一步修正.用于压差修正的系数,是依赖于风速的高阶多项式,可有效降低风速测量的误差.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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