Coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in URhGe

The discovery of superconductivity at high pressure (albeit over a restricted range) in the ferromagnetic material UGe2 raised the possibility that bulk superconductivity might be found in other ferromagnets. The exact symmetry of the paired state and the dominant mechanism responsible for the pairing, however, remain unidentified. Meanwhile, the conjecture that superconductivity could occur more generally in ferromagnets has been fuelled by the recent observation of a low-temperature transition that suggests an onset of superconductivity in high-quality crystals of the itinerant-ferromagnet ZrZn2 (ref. 2), although the thermodynamic signature of this transition could not be detected. Here we show that the ferromagnet URhGe is superconducting at ambient pressure. In this case, we find the thermodynamic signature of the transition-its form is consistent with a superconducting pairing of a spin-triplet type, although further testing with cleaner samples is needed to confirm this. The combination of superconductivity and ferromagnetism may thus be more common and consequently more important than hitherto realized.     

Coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in the d-band metal ZrZn2.

It has generally been believed that, within the context of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory of superconductivity, the conduction electrons in a metal cannot be both ferromagnetically ordered and superconducting. Even when the superconductivity has been interpreted as arising from magnetic mediation of the paired electrons, it was thought that the superconducting state occurs in the paramagnetic phase. Here we report the observation of superconductivity in the ferromagnetically ordered phase of the d-electron compound ZrZn2. The specific heat anomaly associated with the superconducting transition in this material appears to be absent, and the superconducting state is very sensitive to defects, occurring only in very pure samples. Under hydrostatic pressure superconductivity and ferromagnetism disappear at the same pressure, so the ferromagnetic state appears to be a prerequisite for superconductivity. When combined with the recent observation of superconductivity in UGe2 (ref. 4), our results suggest that metallic ferromagnets may universally become superconducting when the magnetization is small.     

三元层状化合物MAX相的研究进展

三元层状化合物MAX相是一种新型结构功能材料,兼具金属和陶瓷的优良性能。本文综述了MAX相及其复合材料的合成方法、组织结构及相关物理特性与机械性能,并预测了MAX相今后的发展趋势。     

准一维基于分子亚铁磁体自旋系统磁化率性质研究

基于交替自旋Ising—Hamiltonian模型,用量子转移矩阵方法,研究了不同外场条件下准一维基于有机分子亚铁磁体磁化率的结构序参量．对磁化率一的研究表明：双自由基和单自由基的交替有机自旋链的亚铁磁自旋排列等效于有效自旋S=1／2的铁磁相互作用链,双自由基有机高分子对具有单一成分的有机基于分子亚磁体具有绝对优势．量子Monte Carlo方法和精确对角化方法的计算结果两者相符,且与某些实验结果定性相符．     

一类捕食-食饵模型的共存性

研究了一类具有一般形式反应函数的捕食-食饵模型的正解.给出了正解的先验估计,利用不动点指标原理讨论了正解的存在性.通过计算degW′(I-F,D)、indexW′(F,(0,0))和indexW′(F,(θ,0)),得出食饵和捕食者可以共存当且仅当捕食者的死亡率c控制在下限-d2λ0和上限-λ1(d2,-efv(θ,0))之间,且食饵的固有增长率超过d1λ0.     

电导率对纳米磁性金属膜微波吸收性能的影响

基于纳米金属膜电导率和介电性的理论基础,采用0.05～5 GHz 宽频带扫频测量所得的复磁导率,计算分析电导率对具有不同微波磁谱特性的纳米磁性金属膜吸波性能的影响.研究结果表明具有较高磁导率的纳米磁性膜,当其电导率低于100 S/m 时,该薄膜材料在微米级厚度时就具有良好的吸波性能,即在0.05～5 GHz 的宽频段反射率小于-4 dB;降低薄膜电导率可以显著改善薄膜吸波材料的电磁匹配性能,从而提高其吸波性能.     

一类互惠模型解的存在与爆破

讨论了一类在Dirichlet齐次边界条件下的四物种互惠模型解的存在与爆破。利用上下解方法和比较原理给出解存在与爆破的一个充分条件:若竞争强度高,该模型存在唯一整体解;否则在竞争强度弱时,该模型解在特定条件下出现爆破。     

卵磷脂-卟啉类金属络合物的导电性能及其结构变化

本文报道作者用SAXS对卵磷脂-卟啉类金属络合物制成的液晶-导电玻璃电极的研究结果。实验表明,卟啉类金属络合物与卵磷脂混合形成一种液晶态物质,涂在电极表面可形成液晶态膜,改变了原有电极的电性能,可比未涂这类液晶物质的电解产生的电势差明显提高。     

Coexistence of A- and B-form DNA in a single crystal lattice

It is well known that DNA can exist in a variety of conformations which can be interconverted by relatively mild changes in conditions. The in vivo conformation of DNA is usually thought to be the B form, but there is recent evidence that other conformations may be important in DNA-protein recognition. Different fragments of DNA crystallized under virtually identical conditions can form A, B or Z helices. A fragment that adopted an A conformation in a crystal was found in the B conformation in solution, whereas NMR spectroscopy of A-DNA films revealed the presence of a substantial amount of disordered B-DNA. Until now, however, a DNA fragment of a given sequence has not been crystallized in more than one global conformation. We report here an X-ray diffraction study of crystals of the DNA octamer dGGBrUABrUACC. In addition to a 'framework' of A-DNA, which gives discrete X-ray reflections, there are partially disordered B-DNA helices, recognized by their diffuse scattering features.     

非线性碰撞系统的多吸引子共存研究

研究具有单边刚性约束的非线性动力学系统的多吸引子共存现象,针对碰撞动力学系统的运动特性,结合插值法和事件切换法,快速精确地定位系统状态发生切换的时刻,进而给出一种高效的数值解方法。并以一类典型的非线性碰撞系统为例,结合广义胞映射的思想,得到了系统共存的多个吸引子的空间布局、吸引盆及清晰的盆边界。研究结果表明,高效的数值解方法为系统多吸引子共存研究提供有效的精度保证,是进行全局分析的有力工具。     

基于有机分子亚铁磁体棱型自旋链外场下的热力学性质研究

基于近来有机高分子亚铁磁体在试验上成功的合成，本文采用量子转移矩阵方法，研究一维反铁磁-铁磁自旋1／2棱型自旋链在外场条件下低温下的热力学性质．磁化强度在低温下随外场的变化出现台阶式的平台结构，并表现出三个临界外场值，反映了系统磁相互耦合作用与热力学波动间的相互竞争；同时磁化率在外场下呈现双峰结构，其来源于系统在外场下的能隙和长程序参量的变化．本文的数值结果表明该棱型链与自旋1-1／2海森堡链性质一致．     

具有分数阶扩散的捕食-食饵模型的共存性

研究了一类分数阶扩散且具有B-D反应函数的捕食-食饵模型,通过构造Lyapunov函数,证明了平衡点的局部渐近稳定性和全局渐近稳定性;利用Leray-Schauder拓扑度方法,证明了满足一定条件时,非常数正平衡解存在.     

一类强耦合互惠模型的共存解

采用上下解及相应的单调迭代序列的方法,结合Schauder不动点定理,研究带Dirichlet边界条件的两种群的互惠模型强耦合问题共存解.结果说明,当交错扩散和种间作用相对弱时,强耦合问题就至少存在一个解.     

Coexistence and relative abundance in forest trees

Contemporary acceleration of biodiversity loss makes increasingly urgent the need to understand the controls of species coexistence. Tree diversity in particular plays a pivotal role in determining terrestrial biodiversity, through maintaining diversity of its dependent species and with them, their predators and parasites. Most theories of coexistence based on the principle of limiting similarity suggest that coexistence of competing species is inherently unstable; coexistence of competitors must be maintained by external forces such as disturbance, immigration or 'patchiness' of resources in space and time. In contrast, storage theory postulates stable coexistence of competing species through temporal alternation of conditions favouring recruitment of one species over the other. Here we use storage theory to develop explicit predictions for relative differences between competitors that allow us to discriminate between coexistence models. Data on tree species from a primary forest on the Mexican Pacific coast support a general dynamic of storage processes determining coexistence of similar tree species in this community, and allow us to reject all other theories of coexistence.     

3 C-SiC电子结构和铁磁性的第一性原理研究

基于第一性原理计算的方法,研究了3C-SiC中缺陷的磁学性质。结果表明,-1价和-2价的硅空位可分别引入3μB 和2μB 的磁矩,而中性的硅空位却不能引入自发的自旋极化。由于缺陷波函数的扩展性,-2价的硅空位间在距离0.8616 nm时仍然是长程铁磁耦合的,但-1价的硅空位间是反铁磁耦合,因而该种缺陷对磁性没有贡献。     

Vitrification of a monatomic metallic liquid

Although the majority of glasses in use in technology are complex mixtures of oxides or chalcogenides, there are numerous examples of pure substances-'glassformers'-that also fail to crystallize during cooling. Most glassformers are organic molecular systems, but there are important inorganic examples too, such as silicon dioxide and elemental selenium (the latter being polymeric). Bulk metallic glasses can now be made; but, with the exception of Zr50Cu50 (ref. 4), they require multiple components to avoid crystallization during normal liquid cooling. Two-component 'metglasses' can often be achieved by hyperquenching, but this has not hitherto been achieved with a single-component system. Glasses form when crystal nucleation rates are slow, although the factors that create the slow nucleation conditions are not well understood. Here we apply the insights gained in a recent molecular dynamics simulation study to create conditions for successful vitrification of metallic liquid germanium. Our results also provide micrographic evidence for a rare polyamorphic transition preceding crystallization of the diamond cubic phase.     

Spontaneous ferromagnetism and magnetoresistance hysteresis in Ge1-xSnx alloys

Introducing ferromagnetism into non-magnetic systems without the participation of magnetic elements is promising for all-electric spintronic devices[1,2].Many a...     

Mn掺杂A1N半导体的半金属铁磁性质

使用基于局域自旋密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法对Mn掺杂闪锌矿A1N半导体的电磁性质进行了研究。结果发现：Al0.96875Mn0.03125N合金显示出明显的半金属铁磁性,晶胞的总磁矩为4．0μB,主要来自于磁性金属Mn原子,其近邻N原子也有微弱贡献。这一研究对在半导体工业中实现自旋载流子的注入具有一定的理论价值。     

Mn掺杂AlN半导体的半金属铁磁性质

使用基于局域自旋密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法对Mn掺杂闪锌矿AlN半导体的电磁性质进行了研究.结果发现:Al0.96875Mn0.03125N合金显示出明显的半金属铁磁性,晶胞的总磁矩为4.0μB,主要来自于磁性金属Mn原子,其近邻N原子也有微弱贡献.这一研究对在半导体工业中实现自旋载流子的注入具有一定的理论价值.