微波辅助下锡林浩特褐煤的CS_2-丙酮萃取物组成分析

在微波辅助下用等体积的CS2-丙酮为溶剂对锡林浩特褐煤进行萃取,萃取物用GC/MS分析.结果表明:萃取物中共检测到70种有机化合物,可分类为烷烃、烯烃、芳烃、酚类、醛类、酮类、脂肪酸、酯类和含氮化合物.含氮化合物含量和种类均为最多,共26种含氮化合物,相对含量为54.36%,推测因为CS2和丙酮之间存在缔合关系,促使含氮化合物从煤中被萃取出来.     

超临界CO2萃取与同时蒸馏萃取法提取澳洲坚果花挥发性成分研究

分析研究澳洲坚果花挥发性成分含量,探讨不同提取方法提取坚果花中的挥发性成分的差异.采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析鉴定超临界CO2萃取与同时蒸馏萃取法分别提取的坚果花挥发性成分,用峰面积归一法计算各个组分相对含量.从超临界CO2萃取物中分离出164个组分,鉴定出58种成分,占化合物检出总量的85.55%.含量最高为亚麻酸(11.88%);从同时蒸馏萃取物中分离出142种成分,鉴定出53种成分,占化合物检出总量的71.06%.最主要成分为环氧芳樟醇(10.89%).不同提取方法提取的挥发性成分的组成和相对含量存在明显不同.通过对澳洲坚果花挥发性成分的研究,为澳洲坚果资源进一步开发利用提供了依据.     

稻壳粉末乙醇解残渣的组成分析

用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)分析稻壳粉末乙醇解残渣,发现残渣富含含氧基团.依次用CS2和等体积的CS2与丙酮的混合溶剂萃取残渣,得到萃取物E1和E2,用气相色谱/质谱联用仪(GC/MS)分析E1和E2,从E1中检测出3种烷烃、苯族烃和萘族烃各5种、2种含硅有机化合物和2-乙氧基四氢呋喃;从E2中检测出2种含氧有机化合物和5种烃类化合物,其中含氧有机化合物的相对含量比E1中的相应物含量高.     

小龙潭褐煤稠环芳烃的溶出与分析

在超声辅助下对小龙潭褐煤依次用二硫化碳、苯、甲醇、丙酮和四氢呋喃进行分级萃取,用苯和甲醇对萃取残渣进行变温热溶,利用气相色谱/质谱联用仪对萃取物和热溶物的组成和结构进行表征。结果表明,小龙潭褐煤总的萃取率和热溶率分别为1.50%和13.74%,萃取物中检测到29种2~6环的稠环芳烃,其中4-异丙基-1,6-二甲基萘、菲、荧蒽和芘相对含量较高,苯和甲醇热溶物中检测到的稠环芳烃分别为24种和9种,且主要以萘及其同系物为主。     

霍林郭勒褐煤NaOCl氧化残渣的分离与分析

依次用石油醚、CS2、丙酮和甲醇4种溶剂通过索式萃取对霍林郭勒褐煤(HL)的次氯酸钠(NaOCl)水溶液氧化残渣进行分级萃取.发现总的萃取率大于原煤萃取率.所得各级萃取物用GC/MS分析检测,E1和E2馏分中分别检测到85种和23种化合物,E3和E4萃取馏分中无GC/MS可检物质.结果表明煤的次氯酸钠氧化有助于提高煤的萃取率,索式萃取可实现氧化残渣的族组分分离.     

徐州圣戈班高温煤焦油的分离和GC/MS分析

以徐州圣戈班高温煤焦油为原料,在超声辐射下用石油醚(PE)萃取,将煤焦油分离为石油醚可溶物(PESF)和石油醚不溶物(PEIF).在索氏萃取器中依次用石油醚、甲醇和乙醇萃取PEIF,得到3种萃取物,分别记为E1、E2和E3.用气相色谱/质谱联用仪(GC/MS)分析PESF、E1、E2和E3,在PESF和E1中共检测到235种组分,主要是1～6环芳烃,还有少量含杂原子(氧、氮、硫)的有机化合物,在E2和E3中没有检测出任何化合物.结果表明,以PE为溶剂、通过超声辐射和索氏萃取可以从煤焦油中分离出所有的GC/MS可测成分.     

煤的CS2-NMP萃取物组成分析与萃取动力学

利用二硫化碳(CS2)和N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)混合溶剂对神府东胜煤样进行了超声萃取,并用丙酮对萃取物进行溶解。利用GC/MS分析研究了其萃取物的族组成,对其原煤及萃余煤进行了红外光谱分析,并对萃取动力学特征进行了探讨。结果表明:萃取过程阶段性明显;萃取物中烷烃和芳烃含量较高,另外还含有多种含氧、氮和硫的杂环化合物;原煤和萃余煤红外光谱具有明显差异。     

煤的CS2-NMP萃取物组成分析与萃取动力学

利用二硫化碳(CS2)和N一甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)混合溶剂对神府东胜煤样进行了超声萃取,并用丙酮对萃取物进行溶解.利用GC/MS分析研究了其萃取物的族组成,对其原煤及萃余煤进行了红外光谱分析,并对萃取动力学特征进行了探讨.结果表明萃取过程阶段性明显;萃取物中烷烃和芳烃含量较高,另外还含有多种含氧、氮和硫的杂环化合物;原煤和萃余煤红外光谱具有明显差异.     

水溶性稻壳热解油的萃取及分析

在超声辐射下用等体积的水萃取稻壳热解油,离心分离后得到水溶物和水不溶物,分别占总稻壳热解油质量分数的81%和19%;依次用石油醚、CS2、CCl4和苯萃取水溶物,分别得到萃取物F1～F4,其中F4约占水溶物质量分数的24%,从F4中共检测出18种有机化合物,主要成分为苯酚及其衍生物.     

枣庄煤H_2O_2氧化残渣分离

为氧化残渣的有效利用提供理论依据,对枣庄煤H2O2氧化后的残渣依次用二硫化碳、苯、甲醇进行索氏分级萃取,并利用GC/MS/MS和FTIR对各级萃取物的组成进行了分析.结果表明:煤经氧化萃取后其煤基大网状结构基本没变,其中CS2萃取液检测出56种化合物,以芳香烃为主;苯萃取液共检测到18种化合物,以含氧化合物为主;甲醇萃取液检测出26种化合物,主要是酯类化合物.并初步探讨了溶剂萃取的作用机理.     

Study on the reaction of carbon disulfide with hydroxyl radical in aqueous solution

Carbon disulfide is an important sulfur-containing compound in the environment, and its oxidation produces about 30% of the atmospheric COS[1]. In situ measure- ments show that CS2 is widespread in the sea surface wa- ters[2―4], and more recently, the continental water seems to be especially rich sources of CS2 due to industrial waste- water effluents. It is generally accepted that the ocean is an important source for atm. CS2, and Xie et al.[5] found that marine photochemical reaction of…     

Molecular fossils and oil-source rock correlations in Tarim Basin, NW China

The distribution of "molecular fossils" (bio-markers) of steroid compounds in extracts from some spe-cific geologic age in the Tarim Basin have been analyzed andare used as the fingerprints for the oil-source rock correla-tion. Having been affected by maturation, migration, phasefractionation and biodegradation, not any molecular fossilsrelated to source and environment can be used as the finger-prints for oil-source rock correlation. Some special bio-markers widely existed in the extracts from Cambrian andOrdovician rocks in the Tarim Basin and showed obviousdifference in each stratum, including dinosteranes (C₃₀),4-methyl-24-ethyl-cholestanes (C₃₀) and their aromatizedsteroids, C₂₄-norcholestanes and C₂₈ steranes originated fromdinoflagellates and diatom. Few oils such as the heavy oildrilled in the Cambrian reservoir from Tadong 2 well (TD2)correlated well with the extracts from the Cambrian. Theamazing similarity of the relative contents of these com-pounds between the marine oils produced in Tazhong andTabei uplifts and the extracts from the Upper Ordoviciansuggests that the Middle-Upper Ordovician is the very likelymain source for the marine oils.     

Relationship between climatic conditions and the relative abundance of modern C3 and C4 plants in three regions around the North Pacific

Using −24‰ and −14‰ as the endpoints of stable carbon isotopic composition of total organic carbon (δ¹³C_TOC) of surface soil under pure C₃ and C₄ vegetation, and surface soil δ¹³C_TOC data from eastern China, Australia and the Great Plains of North Amer- ica, we estimate the relative abundance of C₃/C₄ plants (i.e., the ratio of C₃ or C₄ biomass to local primary production) in modern vegetation for each region. The relative abundance of modern C₃/C₄ vegetation from each region is compared to the corresponding climatic parameters (mean annual temperature and precipitation) to explore the relationship between relative C₄ abundance and climate. The results indicate that temperature controls the growth of C₄ plants. However, even where temperature is high enough for the growth of C₄ plants, they will only dominate the landscape when precipitation declines as temperatures increase. Our results are consistent with those of other investigations of the geographic distribution of modern C₄ plant species. Therefore, our results provide an important reference for interpretation of past C₃/C₄ relative abundance records in these three regions.     

β2-Adrenoceptor affinity chromatography and its application in the screening of the active compounds from Semen Armeniacae Amarum

β2-Adrenoceptor （β2-AR） was purified from the rabbit lung tissue by sepherose-salbutamol affinity chromatographic column. To prepare the β2-AR stationery phase, β2-AR was evenly immobilized on the surface of macro-pore silica with e mild chemical coupling method through covalent bond. The retention properties of β2-AR stationery phase were characterized by four ligends, selbutamol sulfate, noredreneline bitartrete, adrenaline hydrochloride end proprenolol hydrochloride, to establish the β2-AR affinity chromatography. Then, the method was used to screen the active compounds from the total extracts of Semen Armeniacae Amarum. The results showed that β2-AR on the surface of the stationary phase could keep its original bioectivity end selectivity. Amygdalin retained in the chromatographic column was proved to be the active compound of the total extracts of Semen Armeniacae Amarum. Compared with the existing chromatographic screening approaches, this method showed e good stability end high selectivity. The active compounds which could interact with β2-AR in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） could be screened efficiently by this method, providing e new way to screen the active compounds in complicated samples such as TCM.     

Temperature dependence of surface enhanced Raman scattering on C<Subscript>70</Subscript>

The temperature dependence of surface enhanced Raman scattering of the C70 molecule is reported. The Raman scattering of C70 molecules adsorbed on the surface of a silver mirror was measured at different temperatures. The experimental results indicate that the relative intensities of the Raman features vary with the temperature of the sample. When the temperature decreases from room temperature to 0℃, the relative intensifies of certain Raman bands decrease abruptly. If we like the strongest band 1565cm^-1 as a standard value 100, the greatest decrease approaches to 43%. However, with the further decrease in the temperature these relative intensities increase and resume the value at room temperature. And such a temperature dependence is reversible. Our results show that the adsorption state of the C70 molecules on the silver surface around 0℃ changes greatly with the temperature, resulting in a decrease in relative intensities for some main Raman features of C70 molecule. When the temperature is lower than 0℃, the adsorption state changes continually and more slowly. Synchronously, eight new Raman features, which have not ever been reported in fiterature, are observed in our experiment and this enriches the basic information of the vibrational modes for C70 molecule.     

富勒烯C_(60)接枝马来酸聚合物铅盐的制备与表征

以富勒烯C60和马来酸为原料合成得到一种新型富勒烯C60接枝马来酸聚合物,C60接枝马来酸聚合物再与硝酸铅反应得到C60接枝马来酸聚合物铅盐。通过单因素方法探讨了pH、反应物物料比、反应温度以及反应时间对C60接枝马来酸聚合物铅盐中铅含量的影响,获得其最佳合成工艺条件为:pH=6.92,C60接枝马来酸聚合物和硝酸铅的摩尔比为1∶7,反应时间2 h,反应温度30℃,该条件所得C60接枝马来酸聚合物铅盐中铅质量分数为56.09%。同时采用FT-IR、UV、GPC、AAS、XRD及XPS等测试手段对产物结构进行了表征。采用差热和热重分析法对C60接枝马来酸聚合物铅盐的热稳定性进行了研究,结果表明,在空气气氛下,DTA分解峰值温度为275、370、462℃,失重率为43.6%,表明产物热稳定性良好。     

Changes of photosynthetic capacity of some plant species under very high CO2 concentrations in Biosphere 2

Conclusions The initial slope of A/ light curve became steep under high CO₂ (700 μmol · mol^-1) compared with that under low CO₂ (350 μmol · mol^-1) for the C₃ species growing in very high CO₂(>2 200 μmol · mol^-1) for a long period. The light compensation points remained unchanged, but the light saturation points were found increased. The ϕ_m,_app and A_max of the C₃ species increased respectively by 79 % and 80 %, while those of C₄ species decreased by 10% and 14%, respectively. The shape of A/light curve of C₄ species did not change. Such results indicated that C₃ species increased the capacity of photosynthesis, while C₄ did not change, otherwise it decreased a little. This work only compared the changes of capacity in photosynthesis of some species under different CO₂ levels in Biosphere 2. We need further investigation on the effects of high CO₂ on the same species outside Biosphere 2, in order to fully undertand the effects and mechanism of response of plants to the elevated CO₂.     

Ch4-rich fluid inclusions in the Yushigou mantle peridotite and their implications, North Qilian Mountains, China

Studies were carried out on the early phase of fluid inclusions which occur in residual olivines in harzburgite from the Yushigou ophiolitic mantle peridotite, the North Qilian Mountains. Components of these inclusions, analyzed by micro laser Raman spectroscopy, are dominantly CH, (70%–95%) with minor H₂, N₂, H₂S, CO₂,C₂H₄, C₂H₆, and C₃H₆ but there are no H₂O,CO and SO₂. The highly CH₄-rich fluid was probably derived from an ancient deep mantle. This discovery plays an important role in all-round understanding of the fluid property of the upper mantle, especially the ancient oceanic upper mantle.     

Kinetics of C2(a3Πu) radical reactions with NO, N2O, O2, H2 and NH3

Pulsed laser photolysis/laser-induced fluorescence (LP-LIF) is utilized to measure rate constants for C₂(a³Π_u) reactions with NO, N₂O, O₂, H₂ and NH₃. Multiphoton dissociation of C₂Cl₄ at 266 nm is employed for the generation of C₂(a³Π_u) radicals. The C₂(a³Π_u) concentration is monitored by the fluorescence of the (0, 0) band of the (d³Π_g&#8596;a³Π_u) transition at 516.5 nm. C₂(a³Π_u) removal rate constants for the reactions are determined as k_NO = (5.46 ± 0.10) × 10^-11 cm³ molecule^-1 s^-1 , k_N2O = (1.63 ± 0.20) × 10^-13 cm³ molecule^-1 s^-1 , k_N2O = (1.58 ± 0.16) × 10^-11 cm³ molecule^-1 s^-1, k_O2 = (5.92 ± 1.00) × 10^-14 cm³ molecule^-1 s^-1, k_H2< 1.0× 10^-14 cm³ molecule^-1 s^-1. Based on the data analysis and theoretical calculation, we suggest that the C₂(a³Π_u) reactions with H₂ and NH₃ proceed via the hydrogen abstraction mechanism, barriers exist at the entrance channel of the reactions of C₂(a³Π_u) with H₂ and NH₃.     

Pedogenic carbonate isotope record of vegetational evolution since late Miocene in Loess Plateau

Isotopic analyses for paleovegetational evolution have been carried out on samples of the pedogenic carbonate nodules in the Red Clay-Loess sequence at Lingtai (35°N), the Loess Plateau. Stable carbon isotopic composition indicates that ( i ) C4 plants might be present at least by7.0 Ma; ( ii ) C4 plants expanded gradually between ～4.0 and ～3.2 Ma, and their biomass fraction was up to 50% ; and (Ⅲ ) the biomass of C4 vegetation since ～2.0 Ma seems to have been decreased to the level (about 20%) before 4.0 Ma. C4 plant expansion at Lingtai cannot be fully understood with the "global C4 expansion" model because it occurred much later up to 3.0 Ma than in Pakistan, which indicates that some changes in the regional climatic system may also contribute to C3/C4 shift except changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations and temperature. The latitudinal zone for C3/C4 transition seems to move southwards slightly in East Asia, compared with the case in North America where 37°N癗 is the ideal boundary for the C4 expansion.