基于分项系数法的既有框架结构可靠性评估

为了对既有框架结构的可靠性进行评估,采用全随机过程模型的简化模型,根据既有结构抗力与荷载的特点,建立了既有框架结构基于分项系数法的可靠性评估表达式;随后,应用现行规范中计算目标可靠度的校准法,在不降低结构可靠性指标的前提下,推导了不同目标使用期下最优荷载和抗力分项系数的计算公式,并通过编程计算了不同目标使用期的抗力和荷载分项系数,以及不同目标使用期下的地震作用折减系数.算例表明,该评估表达式可以比较方便地应用于既有框架结构的可靠性评估.     

既有大跨空间钢结构安全性评定方法

从构件角度对既有大跨度空间钢结构的安全性评定方法进行研究,根据<建筑结构可靠度设计统一标准>(GB 50068-2001)规定的结构构件承载能力极限状态的可靠度指标,提出既有钢结构构件的安全性等级应划分为安全与不安全两等级.基于荷载模型和抗力模型,确定了作用于既有大跨空间钢结构的各类荷载标准值.以分项系数确定的抗力与可靠度指标确定的抗力相对误差最小为原则编写可靠度程序,得到适合既有大跨空间钢结构评定的γG=1.2,γQ=1.3,以及各类构件的最优抗力分项系数.在综合考虑构件权重的基础上,提出了以整体性、承载安全性和整体稳定性的最低等级作为结构安全性等级的安全性评定方法.     

基于分项系数法的既有框架结构可靠性鉴定表达式的研究

采用全随机过程模型的简化模型,根据既有结构抗力与荷载的特点,建立了既有框架结构基于分项系数法的可靠性鉴定表达式,采用现行规范计算目标可靠度的校准法,在不降低结构可靠性指标的前提下,推导了不同目标使用期下最优荷载和抗力分项系数的计算公式,编制程序计算了不同目标使用期的抗力和荷载分项系数。该鉴定表达式可以比较方便的应用于既有框架结构的可靠性评估。     

既有建筑结构鉴定表达式各分项系数的确定

本文考虑14种常用的代表性的结构构件、不同的可变荷载效应与永久荷载效应的比值、3种可变荷载效应和永久荷载效应的简单组合,对既有建筑结构的鉴定表达式在不同目标使用期内的荷载分项系数和不同材料的抗力分项系数进行了优化和确定。分析结果表明,目标使用期不同,既有建筑结构的鉴定表达式各分项系数不完全相同,其结果具有一定的实际意义。     

既有钢筋混凝土桥梁正常使用极限状态可靠度分析

分析了既有钢筋混凝土桥梁正常使用极限状态可靠度分析的特点;研究和讨论了模糊失效界限和荷载等级提高对既有桥梁正常使用极限状态可靠度影响;以钢筋混凝土最大裂缝宽度作为构件正常使用状态的分析对象,建立了混凝土构件在正常使用状态下的极限状态方程,并根据一座实际桥梁的检测资料进行了可靠度计算,讨论了正常使用情况下各个因素对混凝土构件可靠指标的影响.     

考虑挠度影响的钢筋混凝土楼板可靠度分析

依据一次二阶矩可靠度计算理论,基于规范中钢筋混凝土构件挠度极限状态下的功能函数,利用Matlab编程实现考虑挠度影响的钢筋混凝土楼板可靠度分析及可靠指标验算.通过具体计算实例,分析各随机变量对挠度可靠指标灵敏性的影响.数值结果表明:楼层有效高度、混凝土强度、楼板有效计算跨度以及荷载效应比对可靠指标和灵敏度有不同程度的影响.     

抗力分项系数的概率极限状态设计法

针对现行规范规定的承载能力极限状态下设计表达式中存在的缺陷,基于概率极限状态设计法建立承载能力极限状态下仅有简单荷载组合作用时求解抗力分项系数的公式.在确定抗力分项系数时通过设定不同的参数数值(荷载效应组合、荷载效应比、抗力变异系数、结构破坏类型、安全等级等)及可靠度分析,对结构的承载能力极限状态进行研究,求出与结构可靠指标一一对应的抗力分项系数.     

S280冷轧薄板冷弯超薄壁型钢构件设计可靠度分析

基于国内厚度不大于2mm的S280冷轧薄钢板材性数据、S280冷弯薄壁型钢构件的几何尺寸数据以及已完成的轴压、偏压、受弯构件承载力试验数据,对厚度不大于2mm的S280冷弯超薄壁型钢构件的强度不定性、几何特性不定性、计算模式不定性进行分析.采用改进的一次二阶矩法,按现有规范的抗力分项系数计算了各类基本构件在不同可能荷载组合下的可靠指标.结果表明:对于厚度不大于2mm的S280冷弯超薄壁型钢构件,当宽厚比符合规范要求时,按现有规范的抗力分项系数计算得到的可靠指标均能满足目标可靠度的要求.最后给出了厚度不大于2mm的S280冷弯超薄壁型钢的强度设计指标建议值.     

关于框架结构可靠性鉴定的几点思考

１引言结构体系可靠度是表征结构整体安全性能的指标，因而用体系可靠度来代表结构的整体承载能力是最合适不过了。但是，由于研究水平的限制，在目前的可靠性鉴定规范中，结构件承载能力的鉴定是通过验算所选定的关键截面的抗力，然后以抗力和荷载效应的比值大小来衡量该截面的承载能力的。即便是《工业厂房可靠性鉴定标准》（ＧＢＪ１４４－９０）引人了传力树的分析方法，但其评级也是取树中各基本构件等级中的最低评定等级，往往是最弱构件。最弱截面的承载力决定了整个构件乃至整个结构的承载能力，因而这种方法得到的鉴定结果距要鉴定…     

基于可靠度理论考虑验证荷载的既有桥梁评估分项系数研究

为准确评定既有桥梁的运营安全性能,基于可靠度与贝叶斯更新理论提出了综合考虑评估基准期与历史服役荷载的评估分项系数取值方法.根据5种不同风险准则确定相应基准期下目标可靠度,利用抗力优化法对构件进行评估分项系数取值分析,引入贝叶斯更新理论分析考虑历史服役荷载的评估分项系数取值,并与规范法、设计值法计算的评估系数在某一简支T...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that