北虫草培养残基中虫草素的提取纯化及抗肿瘤活性

以北虫草固体培养残基为实验材料,比较闪式提取、超声波提取和超高压提取培养残基中虫草素的效果,用陶瓷膜过滤提取液,获得虫草素粗提液,利用高速逆流色谱分离制备虫草素,通过LC-MS/MS对产物结构进行鉴定,并验证了虫草素对小鼠S180肉瘤的抑制作用。结果显示,超高压提取培养基中虫草素较好,高速逆流色谱分离纯化条件是以V(乙酸乙酯)∶V(正丁醇)∶V(水)=2∶3∶5的两相溶剂系统,上相为固定相,下相为流动相,流速3.0mL/min,主机转速900r/min,分离温度28℃,以此分离条件经一步洗脱,高速逆流色谱收集馏分,其中峰Ⅲ产物经HPLC检测纯度达97.6%,结构经LC-MS/MS鉴定为虫草素。从100g北虫草培养残基中可制备得虫草素181.90mg,并对其活性验证发现剂量为100mg/kg时小鼠S180肉瘤瘤重抑制率为64.48%。     

高速逆流色谱法连续分离制备小白菊内酯

高速逆流色谱法连续进样,分离制备杭白菊中的小白菊内酯?采用高速逆流色谱法进行分离,以正已烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水(5∶5∶6∶4,V/V)为溶剂系统,上相为固定相,下相为流动相,连续进样3次,浸膏进样量330?350?370 mg,转速800 r/min,流速2.0 mL/min,检测波长254 nm?从杭白菊超声提取物中,分离得到小白菊内酯5.0?5.2?5.5mg,纯度分别为93.1%?92.6%?92.9%?利用连续进样的高速逆流色谱法,可高效分离和纯化杭白菊中的小白菊内酯?     

高速逆流色谱制备雷酚内酯异构体的研究

以选定的溶剂体系为基础,研究温度、转速对高速逆流色谱技术分离制备雷酚内酯异构体工艺的影响。研究结果表明,在选定的溶剂体系(正己烷∶乙酸乙酯∶甲醇∶水=2∶3∶3∶2,V/V/V/V)下,流动相流速为2.0 mL/min时,正向洗脱,分离较佳的恒温水浴循环水温度为25.0℃、转速为800 r/min,此时管柱内固定相的保留率为60.0%,管路工作压力为0.15 MPa。     

高速逆流色谱分离纯化灯盏细辛中的黄酮类化合物

采用高速逆流色谱技术快速分离纯化灯盏细辛中的黄酮类化合物,以石油醚-乙酸乙酯-甲醇 水(4:6:3.5:6.5,V/V)为溶剂系统,转速850 r/min,流速2.0 mL/min,检测波长254 nm。从500 mg粗提物中分离得到4个黄酮类化合物：黄芩素 (87 mg)、木犀草素 (35 mg)、槲皮素 (46 mg)和芹菜素 (92 mg),经高效液相色谱法分析,其纯度分别为94.6%、92.5%、98.2%、97.5%。研究结果表明,应用高速逆流色谱分离灯盏细辛中的黄酮类化合物快速、高效且纯度高。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯——蜡蚧霉代谢产物

利用高速逆流色谱对两株昆虫病原真菌蜡蚧霉发酵液的乙酸乙酯粗提物进行分离纯化,GC/MS对分离物进行检测.结果表明:利用高速逆流色谱经两相溶剂系统:正己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水(4∶5∶4∶5)均可从两菌株代谢产物中分离纯化得到邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,研究发现蜡蚧霉代谢产物中存在天然的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯.     

高速逆流色谱分离纯化波棱瓜子中化学成分

采用高速逆流色谱对波棱瓜子乙酸乙酯提取物进行分离纯化,以石油醚-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水(体积比2:6:3:5)为溶剂,上相为固定相,下相为流动相,流速2 mL/min,转速850 r/min,共分离得到2个高纯度化合物,经过高效液相色谱检测,纯度均高于95%。该方法简便、快速、节省溶剂,可以对波棱瓜子中的化学成分进行快速有效的分离纯化。     

高速逆流色谱(盐溶液体系)分离制备白芍中的芍药苷

建立应用高速逆流色谱分离纯化芍药中的芍药苷的方法。以正丁醇-乙酸乙酯-5%Na2SO4(4:1:5,V/V)为两相溶剂体系,在流速为2.0 mL/min、主机转速为800 r/min、检测波长为254 nm的条件下进行分离,从100 mg芍药粗提物中一次性分离制备得到56.13 mg芍药苷,高效液相色谱分析其纯度在98%以上,通过质谱、核磁共振氢谱和核磁共振碳谱鉴定化合物的结构。该方法简便、快捷且重现性好,适合芍药苷的制备型分离。     

高速逆流色谱法分离制备甘草中的芒柄花苷

应用高速逆流色谱分离制备甘草中的芒柄花苷。将甘草乙酸乙酯提取物先经聚酰胺柱色谱分离,所得组分Fr1再用高速逆流色谱进一步分离,采用的两相溶剂系统为乙酸乙酯-水(5:5,v/v),以其上相作固定相,下相为流动相,主机旋转方向顺时针,转速850 r/min,流速2.0 mL/min,检测波长254 nm,从80 mg组分Fr1中得到12.3 mg纯度为99.3%的芒柄花苷。所得产物的结构经NMR鉴定。利用该方法可以对甘草中的芒柄花苷进行快速的分离和纯化。     

山楂叶提取物中牡荆素、金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷对照品的制备

采用高速逆流色谱结合半制备液相色谱技术快速分离山楂叶中低含量的牡荆素、金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷单体。以氯仿-甲醇-水-正丁醇(4∶3∶2∶1.5,V/V)为溶剂系统,流速为5.0 m L/min,转速为850 r/min,检测波长为254 nm,从山楂叶黄酮提取物中富集得到含牡荆素、金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷3种化合物的混合组分,经半制备液相进行二次分离纯化,得到纯度大于98%的牡荆素、金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷单体。研究结果表明,该技术对山楂叶中低含量黄酮类化合物的分离快速、高效,且纯度高。     

高速逆流色谱分离制备苦茶中的苦茶碱

 应用高速逆流色谱法分离制备了苦茶中的苦茶碱。以正己烷-二氯甲烷-甲醇-水(体积比为1∶〖KG-*2〗5∶〖KG-*2〗4∶〖KG-*2〗2)为两相溶剂系统,在主机转速800 r/min、流速20 mL/min、检测波长278 nm条件下进行分离制备。所得流分经高效液相色谱法检测,与对照品进行比较,并通过质谱、核磁共振氢谱、碳谱鉴定化合物的结构。结果表明,从222 g苦茶总生物碱提取物中分离得到了3个化合物,分别为可可碱5 mg,苦茶碱389 mg,咖啡碱41 mg,纯度均在99%以上,系首次采用高速逆流色谱法对苦茶中的苦茶碱进行分离。该法具有简便、快速的优点。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that