断续时效对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag新型耐热铝合金抗腐蚀性能的影响

采用晶间腐蚀、剥落腐蚀、电化学分析和透射电子显微分析技术等研究断续时效处理对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag新型耐热铝合金微观组织与抗腐蚀性能的影响。研究结果表明:断续时效处理能够细化合金晶内和晶界析出相。单级时效试样晶界粗大的析出相呈不连续分布,晶界结构相当于一个宽大的无沉淀析出相(PFZ)上不连续分布着粗大的析出相。断续时效试样晶界细小的析出相呈链状分布,将晶界两边的PFZ隔离成2部分,腐蚀通道变窄,腐蚀电流密度减小,合金的抗晶间腐蚀和抗剥落腐蚀能力均得到提高。     

时效处理对7085铝合金锻件组织和腐蚀性能的影响

采用慢应变速率拉伸试验、剥落腐蚀试验、极化曲线及透射电镜等分析方法,研究时效处理对7085铝合金锻件腐蚀性能的影响.研究结果表明:与T6时效合金相比,合金经T74时效的抗应力腐蚀和抗剥落腐蚀性能提高但强度显著降低;经RRA时效处理,合金保持了较高强度的同时,应力腐蚀性能敏感性降低,抗剥落腐蚀性能提高;在腐蚀溶液中,极化曲线测试也表现出同样的趋势:合金经过RRA时效处理,形成粗大且不连续的晶界析出相是提高腐蚀性能的主要原因.     

固溶后降温预析出对7A55铝合金力学及腐蚀性能的影响

采用硬度测试、电导率测试及透射电镜研究固溶后降温预析出处理对7A55铝合金板材力学和腐蚀性能的影响。研究结果表明:随着预析出处理温度降低,基体析出相粗化且密度变小,导致合金时效后硬度和强度降低;晶界析出的平衡相由连续链状分布逐渐变为不连续分布,连续网状的腐蚀通道转变为断续的腐蚀点,7A55铝合金抗晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀性能提高。     

含钪Al-Zn-Cu-Mg-Zr合金的腐蚀行为和电化学阻抗谱特征

通过晶间腐蚀、剥落腐蚀和极化曲线试验,结合电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测量,研究不同时效处理对含钪超高强Al-Zn-Cu-Mg-Zr合金的晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀敏感性的影响。研究结果表明:在自然时效状态下,合金腐蚀敏感性最大;人工时效处理的合金,其腐蚀敏感性随时效时间的延长而降低,相应时效态合金在EXCO溶液中恒电位极化曲线分析,也得出相同的结论。晶界析出相和晶界无沉淀析出带(PFZ)是影响合金腐蚀性能的主要因素。随着时效时间的延长,η′和S′相逐渐向平衡的η和S相转变,晶界析出相粗化并呈链状分布,PFZ变宽等均有助于降低合金的腐蚀敏感性。合金的电化学阻抗谱(EIS)演变对腐蚀类型的转变具有规律的反映,可以用来对合金的腐蚀性能进行快速、无损的检测。     

回归处理工艺对7050铝合金力学和晶间腐蚀性能的影响

采用硬度、电导率测试、金相及透射电镜观察等手段,研究回归处理工艺对7050铝合金力学和晶间腐蚀性能的影响.研究结果表明:T6态合金硬度和强度很高,但抗晶间腐蚀能力较弱;与T6态相比,合金经较低温度长时间回归并再时效后,强度和抗晶间腐蚀性能都得到改善;合金经120 ℃/20 h预时效 190 ℃/60 min回归 120 ℃/24 h再时效处理后,其抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和晶间腐蚀最大深度分别为593 MPa,571 MPa,10.5%和0.05 mm,具有最佳的综合性能;经190 ℃/60 min回归和再时效处理后,合金晶内组织与T6态的组织相似,晶界析出相粗大且不连续分布,因此,合金强度最高,抗晶间腐蚀能力最强.     

形变时效组合工艺与Al-1.0Mg-0.5Si-0.8Cu合金腐蚀行为和微观结构的关系

采用硬度测试、晶间腐蚀实验、慢应变速率拉伸实验和TEM表征等手段,选取自然时效、欠人工时效和峰值人工时效3种预时效系统研究了预时效对形变时效组合工艺制备的Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金抗腐蚀性能和微观结构的影响.结果表明:预时效可以调控合金的硬度和抗腐蚀性能,3种预时效处理中峰值人工时效预处理使合金获得了硬度(159 HV)和抗腐蚀性能(最大晶间腐蚀深度为55μm,应力腐蚀敏感指数I_δ为8.3%)的最优结合. TEM结果显示,冷轧引入的高密度位错有效提高了合金的硬度;晶内析出大量纳米级富Cu的板条状Q"相或弯曲连续状析出相,消除了晶界析出相的形成,并大大降低了基体与PFZ之间的电位差,因此显著提高了合金的抗腐蚀性能.自然时效、欠人工时效和峰值人工时效预处理的合金晶内析出程度依次增大,基体与PFZ之间的电位差依次减小,合金的抗腐蚀性能依次升高.     

蠕变时效对Mg-8.8Gd-3.4Y-1.5Nd-0.5Zr合金力学性能和微观组织的影响

采用蠕变时效实验、维氏硬度、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和拉伸性能测试等手段研究蠕变时效在相同时间下对Mg-8.8Gd-3.4Y-1.5Nd-0.5Zr合金力学性能和显微组织影响。研究结果表明:Mg-8.8Gd-3.4Y-1.5Nd-0.5Zr合金蠕变时效时的稳态蠕变速率随着蠕变应力的增加与温度的升高而增大;蠕变时效能够细化析出相尺寸,加快合金时效析出相析出速率,从而缩短到达峰值时效的时间;外加应力会使合金β′相产生应力位向效应,导致合金形成β′相与β′e交错排列的链状析出相,应力位向效应对合金的力学性能产生不利影响。     

淬火介质对2519铝合金抗剥落腐蚀性能的影响

采用显微硬度测试与透射电镜分析,研究淬火介质对2519铝合金抗剥落腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:采用空气、沸水和室温水(20 ℃)淬火后,各合金在时效过程中都表现出3个阶段时效特性:欠时效、峰值时效及过时效.合金经空气淬火并峰值时效后,晶界析出相呈不连续分布,且无沉淀析出带的平均宽度为100 nm;合金经室温水淬并峰值时效后,晶界析出相呈链状连续分布,无沉淀析出带平均宽度为60 nm;经室温水(20 ℃)淬火并峰值时效后合金抗剥落腐蚀性能最好,经100 ℃水淬火并峰值时效后的合金次之,经空气淬火并峰值时效后的合金抗剥落腐蚀性能最差.     

回归加热速率对7050铝合金组织及抗腐蚀性能的影响

采用电导率、抗腐蚀性能测试及透射电镜观察等手段,研究了回归再时效处理过程中回归加热速率(340,57及4.3 ℃·min-1)对7050铝合金组织与抗晶间腐蚀和应力腐蚀性能的影响. 研究发现,回归加热速率对7050铝合金的抗腐蚀性能有显著的影响,在顾及合金的综合力学性能的情况下,中等回归加热速率能使合金具有较好的抗腐蚀性能. 7050铝合金在中速(57 ℃·min-1)回归加热条件下,经适当地回归再时效处理后,晶间腐蚀最大深度为50 μm,等级为3级,比在340 ℃·min-1和4.3 ℃·min-1回归加热速率条件下具有更好的抗腐蚀性能,其晶界析出相为较粗大的非连续颗粒,并有较宽的无沉淀析出带.     

双级时效对含Sc的Al-Zn-Mg-Zr合金组织与性能的影响

通过慢应变速率拉伸实验(SSR_T)、晶间腐蚀试验、剥落腐蚀实验、室温力学性能测试、电导率测试、维氏硬度测量和透射电子显微分析等手段对2.5 mm厚Al-5.4Zn-2.0Mg-0.25Sc-0.1Zr合金板材在双级时效下的抗应力腐蚀性能(SCC)、抗晶间腐蚀性能(IGC)、抗剥落腐蚀性能(EC)、力学性能、电学性能、显微组织结构及其演变规律进行研究。研究结果表明:合金较适宜的双级时效工艺为120℃/6 h+140℃/20 h,在此工艺条件下合金的抗拉强度R_m、屈服强度R_p、伸长率A和电导率γ分别为553 MPa,534 MPa,12.0%和22.3 MS/m,双级时效后合金晶内为弥散分布的亚稳定强化相η′-MgZn_2,晶界出现粗大不连续分布的平衡相η-MgZn_2,还伴有明显宽化的无沉淀析出带。与单级峰值时效(120℃/24 h)相比,合金晶间腐蚀倾向减小,具有良好的抗剥落腐蚀性能,剥蚀等级为中等剥落腐蚀(EB)级,具有良好的抗应力腐蚀性能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has