不同培养液对卵母细胞体外成熟及重组卵母细胞孤雌活化的影响

为研究生发泡(GV)移植后的重组卵母细胞能充分在体外成熟和发育,比较了几种培养液对GV期卵母细胞体外成熟和重组卵母细胞孤雌活化的影响.自然获得的GV期卵母细胞和经显微操作获得的重组卵母细胞在M2、HTF和M199培养液培养,其体外成熟率无差异(P>0.05);但成熟的重组卵母细胞经人工活化后,生长在HTF培养液的细胞发育到2-细胞期胚的比率(49.2%)明显高于生长在M199培养液的比率(28.9%)(P<0.05).结果表明HTF培养液更适合小鼠卵母细胞的体外成熟和进一步发育.     

年龄、成熟方式及培养液对小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟和人工活化的影响

为研究卵母细胞能充分在体外成熟和发育,比较了年龄、成熟方式及培养液对昆明白小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟和人工活化的影响.1.5月龄、3月龄、6月龄、9月龄和12月龄小鼠的GV期卵母细胞其体外成熟率无差异(P0.05).经人工活化后,与体内成熟的卵母细胞相比,体外成熟的卵母细胞发育到原核期胚和2-细胞期胚的比率都明显降低;体外成熟的生长在HTF培养液的卵母细胞发育到2-细胞期胚的比率(44.4%)显著高于生长在M16培养液的比率(22.9%)(P0.01).结果表明昆明白小鼠卵母细胞的体外成熟不受年龄影响,体外成熟的卵母细胞人工活化后支持发育的能力比体内成熟的差,HTF培养液更适合小鼠卵母细胞人工活化后的进一步发育.     

IGF-Ⅰ及其受体在牛体外受精早期胚胎中的表达

采用成分明确的体外培养系统产生牛体外受精胚胎,结合荧光免疫定位的方法,利用激光共聚焦成像系统研究了在牛卵母细胞及不同发育阶段早期胚胎中IGF-Ⅰ及其受体的表达.结果表明,IGF-Ⅰ及其受体从未成熟的卵母细胞、成熟的卵母细胞到早期胚胎发育的各个阶段均有表达,在COC的颗粒细胞中也有表达.IGF-I在成熟卵母细胞中主要定位于细胞膜附近,在未成熟卵母细胞、2细胞期胚胎中分布于细胞膜及膜下区域,在8细胞期胚胎和桑椹胚中分布于整个细胞质中,在囊胚阶段主要位于滋胚层,内细胞团细胞有少量的表达.IGF-IR在未成熟卵母细胞和成熟卵母细胞以及2细胞、8细胞期胚胎中集中分布于卵裂球远离胚胎中心的细胞膜上,在桑椹胚期时遍布于整个胚胎细胞的细胞质中,在囊胚期时主要分布在滋胚层,内细胞团细胞有少量表达.     

利用体细胞核移植技术生产黄牛和水牛同种、异种转基因克隆囊胚

以含neo和GFP基因双标记的水牛、黄牛胎儿成纤维细胞进行牛转基因体细胞核移植,结果发现：阿菲迪霉素可有效将胎儿成纤维细胞同步于G0／G1期;以GFP阳性细胞进行核移植,其卵裂率、囊胚率与对照组间无显著差异（P〉0．05）,所构建的重组胚,2-细胞阶段观察不到GFP的表达,4-细胞以后GFP的表达逐渐增强,在囊胚的内细胞团和滋养层细胞均可检测到GFP的表达,将黄牛同种转基因克隆囊胚进行移植,获得1例妊娠;黄牛卵母细胞-水牛供核细胞构建异种重组胚囊胚率显著高于黄牛供核细胞-水牛卵母细胞构建的异种重组胚（P〈0．05）,并且异种核移植重组胚中可检测到GFP表达,GFP可作为异种核移植胚胎来源的一种新标记．     

富勒烯及其衍生物对小鼠卵母细胞成熟和激活的作用

为探索富勒烯及其水溶性衍生物对哺乳动物卵母细胞减数分裂的作用,使用富勒烯膦酸衍生物(2P)、富勒烯-PVP和富勒醇作用于体外培养的小鼠GV期卵母细胞和超排卵母细胞,通过观察第一极体排出率和原核形成率以判断卵母细胞的成熟和激活,并探讨光照对这一作用的影响.结果表明,在光照和非光照下,富勒烯的PVP水溶液、富勒醇对卵母细胞的成熟没有明显影响,而2P在光照下对卵母细胞的成熟和孤雌激活具有明显抑制作用,其作用有浓度依赖性.     

"两步法"体外培养山羊卵母细胞的初步研究

体外成熟培养的卵母细胞经本外受精后，囊胚发育率远低于体内成熟卵母细胞，原因之一是由于体外成熟卵母细胞的不充分获能造成的，有假说认为：卵母细胞在体外培养过程中，如果延长GV期，可促进卵母细胞进一步获能，从而提高发育潜能。本文以山羊卵子为研究对象，探讨了山羊卵泡各种成分以及异种家畜卵泡液对山羊卵母细胞核成熟抑制以及抑制解除后减数分裂的影响，结果显示，山羊50％Q卵泡液、100％卵泡液、半卵泡、打孔整体卵泡以及完整卵泡对山羊卵母细胞的核成熟抑制率分别为：0.00%、9.38%、60.47％、78.26%和70.09%，随后，对经山羊半卵泡、打孔整体卵泡、完整卵泡抑制培养后的卵子进行恢复培养发现，卵子核成熟率分别为：64.29%、3.49%和4.13%，山卵母细胞与半卵泡共培养24h后进行0h、12h、20h、24h和30h的恢复培养，核成率分别为：0.00%、20.00%、61.90%、64.29%和43.75%，表明山羊半卵泡可以有效抑制山羊卵母细胞使之处于GV期，并且这种抑制作用可以恢复，恢复培养时间以20h和24h较为适宜，初步研究异种家畜卵泡液对山羊卵母细胞核成熟抑制的影响发现，50％牛卵泡液、1005牛卵泡液、50％绵羊卵泡液、100％绵羊卵泡液对山羊卵母细胞核成熟抑制率分别为3.7%、21.88%、10.00%、58.82%，表明，100％绵羊卵泡液对山羊卵母细胞核成熟抑制效果较好。     

羔山羊卵巢卵母细胞超微结构及核质成熟分析

以ＦＳＨ－ＬＨ进行超排处理所得的羔山羊卵母细胞为材料，首次对羔山羊卵母细胞在体外成熟过程中的超微结构进行了探讨，并进行了细胞核质成熟的分析．结果表明：１）卵母细胞经体外培养０ｈ．１８～２０ｈ后，分别有１１．２％、７５．０％的卵发育至第二次减数分裂中期（ＭⅡ），表明羔羊超排卵泡卵母细胞在体外培养１８～２０ｈ以后，绝大部分卵子的细胞核已成熟；２）透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）结果表明，０ｈ卵母细胞内皮质颗粒（ＣＧｓ）分散于细胞质内，但有时也以簇的形式存在．体外培养１８～２０ｈ后，ＣＧｓ数量增多，大多都定位于接近质膜的胞质中，呈单层排列，根据这种ＣＧｓ迁移现象判断的体外成熟卵母细胞质成熟率５０％，３）羔山羊卵母细胞内线粒体基质密度较浅，嵴很少，但经体外培养后部分线粒体中出现小嵴．细胞质中的内质网数目很少，通常以单个囊池形式存在；４）在部分卵母细胞质中脂滴和空泡数量增多，皮质颗粒消失．据此分析，体外培养０ｈ，１８～２０ｈ以后，分别有２５．０％和３１．３％卵子已出现退化现象．     

羔山羊的超数排卵及体外受精

以ＦＳＨ或ＦＳＨ－ＬＨ四种不同处理方法对２９只６８～１１０日龄羔山羊进行超排处理，结果共采集卵泡卵母细胞７０８枚，平均每只羔羊采卵２４．４枚．卵母细胞经体外培养２４ｈ后有８１．２％的卵发育为成熟卵．分别用经钙离子载体Ａ＿（２３１７８）或肝素进行获能处理的精子对体外培养成熟的卵子进行体外受精，结果精子穿入卵率分别为５４．８％和３４．４％，发育至２～４细胞胚的卵裂率分别为２８．６％和４１．９％．采用ＦＳＨ－ＬＨ（肌注）进行超排处理得到的卵子经体外受精处理后，其卵裂率明显高于采用其它超排方法得到卵子的卵裂率．     

促减数分裂甾醇（MAS）对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及其胚胎发育能力的影响

利用促减数分裂甾醇(MAS)合成代谢过程中的抑制剂AY9944累积FF-MAS的原理,在猪卵母细胞体外成熟过程中添加AY9944,间接地研究了内源性MAS对猪卵母细胞体外成熟质量的影响.猪卵丘卵母细胞复合体(cumulus oocyte complexes,COCs)培养在NCSU23成熟培养液中,并添加不同浓度(0,10,20,40μmol/L)的AY9944培养44h.培养结束后,成熟的卵母细胞进行孤雌激活和以胎儿成纤维细胞为核供体重构胚胎,分别于48和144h观察胚胎发育情况,统计卵裂率和囊胚率及囊胚/2-细胞胚比率.结果如下:(1)随着AY9944添加浓度的增加,退化的卵母细胞增多,40μmol/L AY9944处理的退化卵显著,卵母细胞成熟率显著下降.(2)成熟培养液添加20和40μmol/L AY9944处理的孤雌激活胚胎的囊胚形成率和2-细胞胚发育到囊胚的比率显著增加(P<0.05).(3)以对照组(0μmol/L AY9944)和20μmol/L AY9944处理的卵母细胞为胞质受体,发现20μmol/L AY9944处理的克隆胚的发育能力囊胚率和2-细胞胚发育到囊胚的比率有所提高,但无显著差异(P>0.05).以上结果表明,猪卵母细胞体外成熟过程中添加AY9944提高了猪卵母细胞体外成熟的胞质质量,胚胎的发育能力提高.     

不同发育时期小鼠胚胎在体外同步或非同步聚合形成嵌合胚的比较

不同发育时期的小鼠胚胎在体外同步或非同步地聚合形成嵌合胚。在216对胚胎中,同步聚合136对,非同步聚合80对,分别形成嵌合胚53个(39.0％)和21个(26.3％)。在同步聚合的各组中,8细胞期—8细胞期形成嵌合胚的结果最好,聚合29对胚胎中有19对形成嵌合胚,占65.5％。在非同步聚合的各组中,4细胞期—8细胞期形成嵌合胚的结果较好,19对中有11对(57.9％)形成嵌合胚。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has