4-甲基-5-烯-庚腈氧化物1、3-偶极环加成反应的立体异构选择性研究

腈氧化物1、3－偶极分子内环加成反应在有机功能性分子的合成中很重要,已被用来合成一系列新的立体专一性化合物,弄清此反应的机理很有意义,它可以预示产物的组成,有助于合成线路的设计。本文用过渡状态理论和量子化学AMI方法,对4－甲基－5－烯－庚腈氧化物反应机理进行研究,结果表明,虽然存在得到两种产物的平行反应,但由于两个反应的速率常数比很大,基本上只得到单一的反式产物。标题物立体专一选择性反应的大小不仅由活化焓决定,还与活化熵、反应温度和偶极矩有关,尤其是活化熵对速率常数的贡献是不可忽略的。     

4-甲基-5-烯-庚腈氧化物分子内环加成反应的立体选择性

用过渡状态理论和量子化学AM1方法,对4-甲基-5-烯-庚腈氧化物环加成反应机理进行了研究.结果表明,虽然存在得到2种产物的平行反应,但由于2个反应的速率常数比很大,基本上只得到单一的反式产物.4-甲基-5-烯-庚腈氧化物立体专一选择性不仅由活化焓决定,还与活化熵有关.     

N—甲基—9—氮杂螺[5.5]十一烷—3—酮的合成

报导了亲杂螺化合物９－氮杂螺［５．５］十一烷－３－酮的合成。即以Ｎ－甲基－４－哌啶酮为原料，与对甲苯磺酰甲胩反应，转化为Ｎ－甲基－４－哌啶基甲腈２，２经水解、酯化、还原及氧化生成了Ｎ－甲基－４－哌啶基甲醛６，６与甲基乙烯酮在碱的催化作用下经迈克尔加成反应得到了Ｎ－甲基－９－氮杂螺［５．５］十一烯－３－酮７，最后加氢生成了目标物。     

7-甲氧基-5-烯-辛腈氧化物分子内环加成的立体选择性研究

用过渡状态理论和量子化学AM1方法，对7－甲氧基－5－烯－辛腈氧化物环加成反应机理进行了研究，结果表明，存在得到2种产物的平行反应，由于2个反应的速率常数比相关不大，得到反式产物和顺式产物比例为70∶30，与实验产率比值58∶42相比，结果基本一致。标题物立体专一选择性大小由活化焓和活化熵共同决定。     

N－甲基－9－氮杂螺［5．5］十一烷－3－酮的合成

报导了新杂螺化合物９－氧杂螺［５．５］十一烷－３－酮的合成．即以Ｎ－甲基－４－唬啶酮为原料，与对甲苯磺酰甲胩反应，转化为Ｎ－甲基－个吸啶基甲腈２，２经水解、酯化、还原及氧化生成了Ｎ－甲基－个哌啶基甲醛６，６与甲基乙烯酮在的催化作用下经迈克尔加成反应得到了Ｎ甲基－９－氢杂螺［５．５］十一烯－３－酮７，最后加氢生成了目标物．     

螺［5．5］十一烷┐3┐酮的合成

研究了螺［５．５］十一烷－３－酮新的合成路线，即环己酮１经环氧化生成１－氧杂螺［２．５］辛烷２；２再与路易斯酸作用发生氢重排生成甲酰环己酮３；３与甲基乙烯酮在酸的催化下经迈克尔加成反应得到１－螺［５．５］十一烯－３－酮４；最后经加氢生成目的产物螺［５．５］十一烷－３－酮５，总收率为２８．９％，反应步骤少、操作简单     

在三氯化铝催化下1—芳基亚胺—1—苯基丙烷与顺丁烯二酸酐的反应

１－芳基亚胺－１－苯基丙烷与顺丁烯二酸酐在三氯化铝催化下反应可得到两个产物：顺丁烯二酸单酰胺和１－芳基－５－苯基－４－甲基－２－氧代－２，５－二氢吡咯－３－乙酸。还对此反应的机理进行了探讨。     

4-全氟烷基-6-(α-噻吩基)-2-吡喃酮和4-(α-噻吩甲酰基)-3-全氟烷基-3-丁烯酸甲酯的简便合成

溴化（α－噻吩甲酰基）甲基三苯基钅米舛１在碳酸钾存在下，二氯甲烷为溶剂，室温与２－全氟炔酸甲酯２反应，高产率地得到加合产物——４－（α－噻吩甲酰基）－２－三苯基膦基－３－全氟烷基－３－丁烯酸甲酯３．加合产物３在９∶１甲醇－水中封管１４０℃或１８０℃加热一定时间，高产率地得到４－全氟烷基－６－（α－噻吩基）－２－吡喃酮４和４－（α－噻吩甲酰基）－３－全氟烷基－３－丁烯酸甲酯５．化合物５是一对Ｚ、Ｅ异构体．所有新化合物的结构都由波谱予以确定．本文对反应机理也作了推测．     

2—芳基—4,9—二氢环庚[b]吡喃—4,9—二酮与氨的衍生物的？…

本文研究了２－芳基－４，９－二氢环庚「ｂ」吡喃－４，９－二酮与羟胺，肼，苯肼、氨基脲等的缩合反应，得到的八种缩合产物用ＩＲ、ＨＮＭＲ和元素分析确定了结构，研究结果表明：２－芳基－４，９－二氢环庚「ｂ」吡喃－４，９－二酮的骨架结构比较稳定，Ｚｈｕｏ酮环上的羰基比较活泼。     

双环[2,2,1]庚-5-烯-2-甲醛芳酰基腙的合成

双环［２，２，１］庚－５－烯－２－甲醛芳酰基腙的合成＠宋庆宝＠黄国生＠马永祥￥兰州大学化学系双环［２，２，１］庚－５－烯－２－甲醛芳酰基腙的合成宋庆宝黄国生马永祥（兰州大学化学系，７３００００兰州）降冰片烯类化合物具有广泛的生物活化，可以用作微生物的抑制...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that