三聚氰胺改性阴膜层增强双极膜水解离性能的研究

分别以三聚氰胺和戊二醛改性壳聚糖,三价铬离子改性羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)制备了mCMC/Mel-CS双极膜.阴膜层经三聚氰胺改性后,离子交换容量增大、膜的交流阻抗降低.J-E工作曲线的测试结果表明,以该双极膜装配的电解槽工作电压较低.在40mA·cm-2的工作电流密度下,电解槽工作电压低于4.3 V.     

中国铝工业应用新型电极材料的研究与展望

介绍了现代铝工业上新近开发研制的几种电极材料，涉及惰性阴极、惰性阳极、双极性电极等；还研制了低温电解质，使电解温度降低到800～900℃。如果惰性电极与低温电解质配合起来应用，则能够明显减少工业铝生产中的物料消耗，节省电能，增大电解槽生产能力，并改善环境状况，可望大幅度降低生产成本。     

TiO2-蒽醌改性双极膜在光助电催化降解苯酚中的应用

以TiO2-蒽醌改性双极膜中间层,并用作电解槽隔膜降解含酚废水.通过测定降解过程中苯酚溶液的紫外-可见分光光度和高效液相色谱,研究改性双极膜对苯酚降解的影响.电镜扫描、膜阻抗测定、渗透性测定等结果表明,TiO2-蒽醌改性双极膜在提高膜性能,降低膜阻抗,减少能源消耗等方面效果良好,紫外光照射180 min,苯酚降解为CO...     

mPAA/CMC-mCS双极膜的制备及其在电合成TMAH中的应用

聚丙烯酸(PAA)和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)共混后以3价铬离子改性,制备了mPAA/CMC阳离子交换膜;以戊二醛和正二丁基二氯化锡改性壳聚糖(CS),制备了阴离子交换膜(mCS)溶胶.采用流延法制得mPAA/CMC-mCS双极膜.IR分析表明,双极膜阴阳两膜层分别含有NRH2+和COO-官能团.膜特性研究表明,双极膜具有较高的离子交换容量和较好的离子渗透性.将该双极膜应用于电解制备四甲基氢氧化铵(TMAH).当电流密度为15 mA/cm2时,镍网电极工作8 h,产率达74%,电解槽工作电压为3.4 V.     

APAM/CPAM双极膜在电氧化双醛淀粉中的应用

以聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为原料合成阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺(APAM)和阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)聚合物,制备APAM/CPAM双极膜.IR分析表明,该聚合物膜两边分别含有-COO-、-NH (CH2CH2)2+官能团.该膜能稳定存在于酸溶液中.以APAM/CPAM聚合物双极膜为电解槽隔膜,间接电氧化合成双醛淀粉,整个电解...     

PAAS-CMC/Mel-CS双极膜的制备及其应用

以聚丙烯酸钠改性羧甲基纤维素钠和三聚氰胺改性壳聚糖选用流延法制备了PAAS-CMC/Mel-CS双极膜,并测定其性能。将PAAS-CMC/Mel-CS双极膜作为电解槽的隔膜,应用于成对电合成乙醛酸.实验结果表明,以质量分数10%乙二醛和质量分数10%氢溴酸的混合液为阳极液,以饱和草酸和质量分数20%硫酸的混合液为阴极液,在20 m A·cm~(-2)的电流密度下电解5 h,阴阳极室乙醛酸的浓度达48.37 mmol·L~(-1)和59.43 mmol·L~(-1),电压稳定在2.9 V左右.     

HDB3编码器中的双极性实现

三阶高密度双极性(HDB3)码是一种双极性归零码.该文详细讨论了一种在HDB3编码器中实现双极性输出码的具体电路结构,也分析了该电路在实际应用中的注意事项.     

一种机载设备串行数字码的接收方法

针对某型飞机机载设备数字通信用的３２位双极性归零码,用８９Ｃ２０５１单片机设计了该码的硬件接电路,并编写了接收软件。经过多次实验测试表明,该表路对此３２位双极性归零码的接收效果十分理想。     

正交信号与双极性信号在AWGN信道中的传输性能比较

对二进制基带信号的传输和接收进行了介绍,并对正交信号和双极性信号的传输性能进行了分析。对两种信号在AWGN信道下的传输性能进行了仿真,通过分析性能曲线图得出,在相同的传输条件下,双极性信号比正交信号具有更好的传输性能。     

HDB3编码在《通信原理》教学中的一种叙述方法

HDB3（三阶高密度双极性）码是一种双极性归零码,它是《通信原理》基带传输码型中重要的教学内容。本文在原有文献关于HDB3编码方法的叙述基础上总结出了一种新的叙述方法,有利于对HDB3编码的掌握和教学。     

Determining the position of the cell division plane

Proper positioning of the cell division plane during mitosis is essential for determining the size and position of the two daughter cells--a critical step during development and cell differentiation. A bipolar microtubule array has been proposed to be a minimum requirement for furrow positioning in mammalian cells, with furrows forming at the site of microtubule plus-end overlap between the spindle poles. Observations in other species have suggested, however, that this may not be true. Here we show, by inducing mammalian tissue cells with monopolar spindles to enter anaphase, that furrow formation in cultured mammalian cells does not require a bipolar spindle. Unexpectedly, cytokinesis occurs at high frequency in monopolar cells. Division always occurs at a cortical position distal to the chromosomes. Analysis of microtubules during cytokinesis in cells with monopolar and bipolar spindles shows that a subpopulation of stable microtubules extends past chromosomes and binds to the cell cortex at the site of furrow formation. Our data are consistent with a model in which chromosomes supply microtubules with factors that promote microtubule stability and furrowing.     

Retinal bipolar cells

Being the functional basis of neural networks, neuronal signal integration has been currently becoming a hot point of neuroscience research. Active and passive membrane properties of retinal bipolar cells, temporal and spatial distribution of synaptic inputs to these cells are described, and modulation of signal integration characteristics of these cells under different retinal adaptation states is analyzed. In consideration of the functional and morphological properties of retinal bipolar cells, it is suggested that they may be an appropriate model for the study of neuronal signal integration.     

Retinal bipolar cells——A model for the study of neuronal signal integration

Being the functional basis of neural networks, neuronal signal integration has been currently becoming a hot point of neuroscience research. Active and passive membrane properties of retinal bipolar cells, temporal and spatial distribution of synaptic inputs to these cells are described, and modulation of signal integration characteristics of these cells under different retinal adaptation states is analyzed. In consideration of the functional and morphological properties of retinal bipolar cells, it is suggested that they may be an appropriate model for the study of neuronal signal integration.     

减小无刷直流电机转矩脉动的PWM新方式

在分析无刷直流电机两两导通双极性脉宽调制(PWM)方式的基础上,提出一种改进的双极性PWM无刷直流电机(BLDCM)控制方式,该方式采用4个功率管同时进行PWM控制,其中同一桥臂上下两个功率管处于互补导通模式.分析了该PWM方式对无刷直流电机续流过程及电磁转矩的影响,与传统的双极性PWM方式相比,采用该双极性PWM方式可以减小转矩脉动,低速时平稳性好,并且适用于快速启、制动和频繁正反转场合.仿真和实验结果表明该双极性PWM方式能够显著改善无刷直流电机的转矩脉动问题.     

Development of electrical membrane properties in cultured avian neural crest

In previous studies of the development of membrane excitability in vertebrate neurones, a calcium current has commonly been observed first, later replaced by a sodium current. We have now examined the development of membrane currents in explant cultures of mesencephalic neural crest cells from the quail embryo. Some of these cells constitute the precursors for the ciliary and trigeminal ganglia and in certain conditions can be characterized morphologically as neurones after only a few hours in culture. We report here that two membrane currents are present in neurones after 1 day in culture, a voltage-and time-dependent potassium current and a leakage current. On the second day in culture, voltage-dependent sodium and calcium currents can be detected. With time the sodium and calcium currents increase in magnitude and all four currents are present for at least 7 days in culture. This onset of electrical excitability differs from that described in other vertebrate neurones both in vitro and in vivo, but resembles the sequence observed in neurones of the developing grasshopper.     

Normalization of current kinetics by interaction between the alpha 1 and beta subunits of the skeletal muscle dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channel.

Purification of skeletal muscle dihydropyridine binding sites has enabled protein complexes to be isolated from which Ca2+ currents have been reconstituted. Complementary DNAs encoding the five subunits of the dihydropyridine receptor, alpha 1, beta, gamma, alpha 2 and delta, have been cloned and it is now recognized that alpha 2 and delta are derived from a common precursor. The alpha 1 subunit can itself produce Ca2+ currents, as was demonstrated using mouse L cells lacking alpha 2 delta, beta and gamma (our unpublished results). In L cells, stable expression of skeletal muscle alpha 1 alone was sufficient to generate voltage-sensitive, high-threshold L-type Ca2+ channel currents which were dihydropyridine-sensitive and blocked by Cd2+, but the activation kinetics were about 100 times slower than expected for skeletal muscle Ca2+ channel currents. This could have been due to the cell type in which alpha 1 was being expressed or to the lack of a regulatory component particularly one of the subunits that copurifies with alpha 1. We show here that coexpression of skeletal muscle beta with skeletal muscle alpha 1 generates cell lines expressing Ca2+ channel currents with normal activation kinetics as evidence for the participation of the dihydropyridine-receptor beta subunits in the generation of skeletal muscle Ca2+ channel currents.     

电缆热老化寿命的预测研究

利用热分析技术,对电缆绝缘材料的热老化寿命进行了研究,得到了电缆绝缘材料的热老化寿命的计算公式。在不同载流量下,对电缆绝缘材料热老化寿命进行了比较,给出了电缆热老化寿命与载流量的函数关系,为电流致热型电缆火灾的防治提供了基础数据。     

ATP receptor-mediated synaptic currents in the central nervous system.

Until now, the only well documented, fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain has been glutamate. Although there is evidence for adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) acting as a transmitter in the peripheral nervous system, suggestions for such a role in the central nervous system have so far not been supported by any direct evidence. Here we report the recording of evoked and miniature synaptic currents in the rat medial habenula. The fast rise time of the currents showed that they were mediated by a ligand-activated ion channel rather than a second messenger system, thus limiting the known transmitter candidates. Evidence was found for the presence on the cells of glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, acetylcholine and ATP receptors, but not for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT3) or glycine receptors. The evoked currents were unaffected by blockers of glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid or acetylcholine receptors but were blocked by the ATP receptor-blocker, suramin and the desensitizing ATP receptor-agonist alpha,beta-methylene-ATP. Our evidence identifies for the first time synaptic currents in the brain, mediated directly by ATP receptors.     

Phorbol esters block a voltage-sensitive chloride current in hippocampal pyramidal cells

The importance of second-messenger systems in controlling the excitability of neurones and other cells, through modulation of voltage- and calcium-dependent ionic conductances, has become increasingly clear. Cyclic AMP, acting via protein kinase A, has been identified as the second messenger for several neurotransmitters, and recent studies have suggested that activation of protein kinase C may have similar modulatory actions on neurones. Calcium and potassium currents have so far been shown to be the major ionic conductances modified by kinase activation. We now report that hippocampal pyramidal cells contain a previously undescribed voltage-dependent chloride current which is active at resting potential and is turned off either by membrane depolarization or by activation of protein kinase C by phorbol esters. We propose that this current may reside predominantly in the cell's dendritic membrane and thereby may regulate dendritic excitability.     

Sensitivity to cyclosporin A is mediated by cyclophilin in Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cyclosporin A, a cyclic fungal undecapeptide produced by Tolypocladium inflatum, is a potent immunosuppressive drug originally isolated as an antifungal antibiotic. Cyclosporin A (CsA) is widely used in humans to prevent rejection of transplanted organs such as kidney, heart, bone marrow and liver. The biochemical basis of CsA action is not known: its primary cellular target has been suggested to be calmodulin, the prolactin receptor or cyclophilin, a CsA-binding protein originally isolated from the cytosol of bovine thymocytes. Cyclophilin has been shown to be a highly conserved protein present in all eukaryotic cells tested and to be identical to peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, a novel type of enzyme that accelerates the slow refolding phase of certain proteins in vitro. We demonstrate that in the lower eukaryotes N. crassa and S. cerevisiae, cyclo philin mediates the cytotoxic CsA effect. In CsA-resistant mutants of both organisms, the cyclophilin protein is either lost completely or, if present, has lost its ability to bind CsA.