大别山超高压变质岩石变形构造研究

含柯石英、金刚石榴辉岩是南大别超高压变质岩石的主体,在这些榴辉岩的未退变质核心、退变质斜长角闪岩及超高压围岩中,保存有大量不同变质时期的宏观—微观变形构造．其中主要的变形构造是在单剪应力状态下,由具有顶端指向ＮＷ动向的角闪岩相变形作用Ｄ２形成的ａ型褶皱Ｆ２,以共轴样式叠加于纯剪应力状态下榴辉岩相变形作用Ｄ１形成的斜卧褶皱Ｆ１之上的二次叠加褶皱,总体形态符合Ｒａｍｓａｙ第三种干涉型．这两期变形作用揭示了超高压变质岩石在折返过程中存在两种动力学机制,它们相续作用才使得这些超高压岩石出露地表．     

高压变质二氧化硅矿物的矿物物理研究

对高压变质二氧化硅的典型矿物──柯石英进行了晶体学研究，确定了理想柯石英的结构模型，据此绘出理想柯石英的四元环堆积模拟图并计算出晶胞参数，与实测天然样品的X衍射面网指标经计算所得的晶胞参数对比，估算出高压变质柯石英的受压敏感方位是a轴方向；采用共价配住势模式计算出不同温压条件下键长、键角的变化，探索了柯石英与石英相互转变的分子动力学问题，估计出柯石英的相变压力约为3．9GPa，并对石英柯石英的可逆互变的动力学问题进行了解释，这对高压变质二氧化硅矿物的成固和成矿作用的研究具有重要的意义。     

南大别石马榴辉岩多硅白云母和石英脉的年龄及其地质意义

研究发现,与大别-苏鲁超高压变质带中多硅白云母往往含过剩Ar不同,石马地区榴辉岩中多硅白云母基本不含过剩Ar.阐述了其原因,并进而探讨了超高压带中变质流体运移的特点.切穿石马地区榴辉岩及其围岩的白云母石英细脉的年龄表明,南大别超高压变质带角闪岩相退变质作用应结束在180 Ma前,而不会更晚.     

胶东威海地区榴辉岩退变质的地球动力学信息

威海地区榴辉岩退变质过程表现为三个阶段：第一阶段,原生绿辉石分解形成的钠质单斜辉石＋斜长石合晶体,第二阶段,原生石榴石及钠质单斜辉石＋斜长石合晶体,周边出现角闪石＋斜长石栉状反应边;第三阶段,石榴石及钠质单斜辉石消失,其后榴辉岩相退变质的ｐ－ｔ演变轨迹呈压力相对温度快速降低的顺时针形式,反映本区榴辉岩折返的地球动力学过程可能是在经历了快速上升的构造侵位同时,晚元古宙巨量花岗岩浆可将榴辉岩块体携带到     

大别山碧溪岭榴辉岩相平衡模拟及温压计算

大别山碧溪岭超高压榴辉岩主要由石榴石、绿辉石、柯石英/石英、蓝晶石、多硅白云母、金红石、黝帘石、滑石、角闪石组成.含滑石变斑晶的榴辉岩样品中石榴石变斑晶在背散射图像中可观察到深浅不一的两种色调.深色部分比浅色部分含有更高的XMg.矿物结构关系显示岩石可能曾经含有硬柱石.峰变质阶段后,随着温度和压力下降,硬柱石分解,形成...     

北大别罗田超高压榴辉岩中峰期变质矿物:褐帘石和氟磷灰石

对北大别西南部"罗田穹隆"中超高压榴辉岩进行了变质岩石学研究,发现其中含有褐帘石和氟磷灰石.褐帘石主要以包体形式产出于石榴子石中,富含稀土元素,部分已退变为绿帘石;氟磷灰石主要以包体形式产出于石榴子石中或存在于基质中,产出于石榴子石中氟磷灰石具有较高的F含量(~3 wt%),而基质中氟磷灰石大多数具有磁黄铁矿针状出溶体及相对低的F含量(~1wt%).根据石榴子石中与褐帘石、氟磷灰石共生的包体矿物组合以及氟磷灰石中较高的F含量,证明它们形成于超高压条件下.由此提出了罗田榴辉岩曾发生超高压变质作用的新证据.     

华北中部造山带西望山超高温基性麻粒岩的变质演化

华北中部造山带西望山地区基性麻粒岩的变质演化过程研究有助于揭示华北中部带前寒武纪变质基底的形成与演化历史。基于对宣化西望山地区基性麻粒岩的详细岩相学观察与矿物化学分析,识别出3期变质演化阶段:早期进变质阶段(M1)矿物组合为石榴石+单斜辉石+斜长石+金红石+石英;峰期变质阶段(M2)矿物组合为石榴石+单斜辉石+斜长石+角闪石+钛铁矿+熔体;晚期降压阶段(M3)矿物组合为石榴石+单斜辉石+角闪石+斜长石+钛铁矿+磁铁矿。对基性麻粒岩的相平衡模拟研究表明,峰期变质阶段(M2)的温压条件为940～1 000℃,12.4～14 kbar;峰期后降压阶段的温压条件为660～760℃,5～6.2 kbar;构成一条降压冷却的顺时针P-T轨迹。本次研究表明西望山基性麻粒岩经历了高压-超高温变质作用。     

变质沉积岩中发现斯石英存在的证据：陆壳深俯冲所返的深度可超过350km

超高压变质及其引伸的大陆深俯冲作用是数十年来国际固体地球科学研究中思想最活跃、竞争最激烈的研究领域之一,按照传统的板块构造学说,在板块边界消减俯冲带上,大陆地壳因其密度低,不可能俯冲到高密度的地幔中去,然而,1984年法国科学家Chopin和Smith分别在西阿尔卑斯和挪威变沉积岩中发现了柯石英,随后前苏联和我国学者分别在哈萨克斯坦变沉积岩和中国大别榴辉岩中发现微粒金刚石,证明低密度的陆壳岩石可被俯冲到大于80—120km的地幔深度,然后再折返到地表．这些发现改变了传统的地球动力学观念,很快在国际上引发了一场超高压和大陆深俯冲作用研究热潮。     

苏鲁地体榴辉岩形成过程中流体活动的氧同位素制约

对苏鲁地体西部东海地区榴辉岩及其共生片麻岩内部石英脉进行了氧同位素研究。石英脉及其寄主岩石榴辉岩和片麻岩中的石英与其他矿物之间达到了的氧同位素平衡，计算得到的平衡温度分别为：石英脉６６０－８４０℃，榴辉岩５９５－７２５℃，片麻岩５０５－６６５℃，石英脉的δ＾１８Ｏ值变化范围为－５．３－７．５‰，与寄主岩石的δ＾１８Ｏ相似，指示变质流体与寄主岩石保持氧同位素平衡，同时表明超高压变质作用期间或之后只存     

陨石冲击变质作用的一般特征

来自地球之外的陨石对地球的冲击作用，必对地球产生一系列重要的影响，陨击变质作用即是其中之一。陨击变质作用形成特征的陨击角砾岩及陨击熔岩，常见造岩矿物在陨击变质作用下的变形、变质、转化是陨击变质作用最重要的特征。根据陨击变质岩及其中主要造岩矿物的变形、转化特征可划分出四个陨击变质带：（１）陨击角砾岩化带；（２）石英玻璃（均质）化带；（３）柯石英带和（４）假玄武玻璃带。     

Breakdown of lawsonite subsequent to peak UHP metamorphism in the Dabie terrane and its implication for fluid activity

Abundant occurrences of quartz vein within eclogites in the Dabie-Sulu orogen provide us an opportunity to study metamorphic fluid flow during subduction and exhumation of continental crust. It is, however, usually short of petrological constraints on pressure and temperature of vein formation. This study focuses on kyanite-quartz veins within Iow-T/high-P eclogite in the Dabie terrane that contain unique polycrystalline aggregates, interpreted as pseudomorphs after porphyroblasts of lawsonite. Coesite pseudomorphs were found for the first time in garnet from eclogite, resulting in a revised estimate of peak P-T conditions at 670℃ and 3.3 GPa for the eclogite. This indicates a stability field at graphite/diamond transition, thus upgrading the HP unit to a UHP unit. Neither foliation texture, undulose extinction of quartz nor coesite were observed in quartz veins,although the peak P-T conditions were estimated the same as that in host eclogite in light of thermodynamic calculation based on mineral assemblage in kyanite-quartz veins.Therefore, the formation of the kyanite-quartz veins as wellas the breakdown of lawsonlte into the kyanite-quartz-zoisite assemblage took place during exhumation subsequent to the peak UHP conditions. In this regard, the continental subduction not only brought the water of water-bearing mineral such as lawsonite into the deep mantle, but also released the water from the mineral during exhumation.     

Evidence for UHP metamorphism of eclogites from the Altun Mountains

Ultrahigh pressure (UHP) metamorphism refers to metamorphism that has occurred at pressures for the stability of coesite. The polycrystalline quartz inclusions showing the characteristic texture within garnets of eclogites indicates the pre-existence of coesites under the peak metamorphic condition. The unusual exsolution textures in ompacites and apatites, and the pressure estimations of phengite-bearing eciogites have been taken to provide further proof of eclogite formation under the UHP conditions.Combined with the fact that coesites have been observed in country rocks of eclogites in North Qaidam Mountains, another UHP metamorphic belt cut by the large-scale strikeslip fault in the AItun-North Qaidam area of China is confirmed.``     

Coesite in the eclogite and schist of the Atantayi Valley,southwestern Tianshan,China

Coesite is an indicator mineral of ultra-high-pressure metamorphism. Since coesite was reported in the Habutengsu Valley, we have also found it in eclogite and schist from the Atantayi Valley in the southwestern Tianshan, China. Petrographic and micro-Raman analyses were carried out for the Atantayi metamorphic rocks and coesite was recognized in the predominant rock types, i.e. schist and eclogite, from three sections. The coesite-bearing schist consists mainly of garnet, Na-Ca amphibole, quartz, white mica and albite; the coesite-bearing eclogite is mainly composed of omphacite, garnet, glaucophane and zoisite. The coesite occurs as various mineral inclusions within porphyroblastic garnet. Findings of coesite in eclogite and associated schist indicate not only the regional in situ formation of the Atantayi ultra-high-pressure eclogite, but also the large areal extent of ultra-high-pressure metamorphism in southwestern Tianshan, extending up to 10 km north-south and 60-80 km east-west.     

Fluid inclusions hidden in coesite-bearing zircons in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from southwestern Sulu terrane in eastern China

Fluidinclusionstudiesarepowerfultoolsfordeci-pheringthefluidevolutionandfluid-rockinteractionin-volvingultrahigh-pressure(UHP)metamorphismofcrustalrocksatmantledepths.Thecompositionandprop-ertiesoffluidinclusionscanreflectthephysico-chemicalconditionsofthefluidsduringplatesubduction,UHPmetamorphismandexhumation.However,UHPmeta-morphicrockscommonlyexperiencedconsiderablede-compressionrelatedtotherapidexhumationprocess.Thishascausedtheinternalpressureoftheinclusionstrappedinthemetamorphicmin…     

Coesite in eclogite from the North Qaidam Mountains and its implications

Coesite provides direct evidence for ultrahigh pressure metamorphism. Although coesite has been found as inclusions in zircon in paragneiss of the north Qaidam Mountains, it has never been identified in eclogite. In this contribution, based on petrographic observations and in situ Raman microprobe spectroscopy, coesite was identified as inclusions in garnet of eclogite from the Aercituoshan, Dulan UHP metamorphic unit, north Qaidam Mountains. Coesite is partly replaced by quartz, showing a pali-sade texture. This is the first report on coesite in eclogite from the north Qaidam Mountains, and is also supported by garnet-omphacite-phengite geothermobarometry (2.7―3.25 GPa, 670―730℃). Coesite and its pseudomorphs have not been found in eclogites and associated rocks of other units of the north Qaidam Mountains. Further studies are required to confirm if all metamorphic units in the north Qaidam Mountains underwent the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism.     

Discovery of ultrahighpressure magnesite-bearing garnet lherzolite (>3.8 GPa) in the Altyn Tagh,Northwest China

Magnesite-bearing garnet lherzolite from the Altyn Tagh, associated with garnet pyroxenite, and garnet-bearing felsic gneiss, crops out as lenses in Proterozoic gneiss about 100 km east of the Jianggelasayi River. The garnet lherzolite, together with the eclogite in western Jianggelasayi, composes a high-pressure to ultrahigh- pressure metamorphic belt in the southern margin of the Altyn Tagh. Parageneses of minerals from magnesite-bearing garnet lherzolite indicate that the rock evolved a multi-stage metamorphism. The peak-stage metamorphism produces an assemblage of Grt+Ol+Opx+Cpx±Mgs, in which Al₂O₃ content of Opx is very low (0.30 — 0.66wt%). The calculated P-T condition of the peak stage is 3.8—5.1GPa and 880—970℃, some exsolution rods of clinopyroxene and rutile occur in the Grt and magnesite is rimed by dolomite and orthopyroxene, all implying that the peak stage was a UHP metamorphic process. Together with regional geological studies, isotopic dating and the discovery of coesite inclusions in zircon separates from felsic gneiss from the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin, the presence of a very long UHP metamorphic belt in northwest China is suggested.     

A combined study of SHRIMP U-Pb dating, trace element and mineral inclusions on high-pressure metamorphic overgrowth zircon in eclogite from Qinglongshan in the Sulu terrane

Methods recently advanced for discrimination on the genesis of metamorphic zircon, such as analysis of mineral inclusions and trace elements, provide us powerful means to distinguish zircon overgrowth during high-pressure metamorphism. Zircons in ultrahigh-pressure eclogite from Qinglongshan in the Sulu terrane were studied by the SHRIMP U-Pb method in combining with trace element and mineral inclusion analyses. No inherited core was identified in the analyzed zircons by means of cathodoluminescence images. The occurrence of high-pressure metamorphic mineral inclusions in zircon, such as garnet, omphacite, rutile, and the flat HREE pattern in zircon indicate that the zircon formed at high-pressure metamorphic conditions. Therefore, a weighted average U-Pb age of 227.4±3.5 Ma obtained from such a kind of zircon is interpreted to represent the timing of peak nietamorphism for the Qinglongshan eclogite.     

Finding of high-pressure mafic granulites in the Amdo basement,central Tibet

High-pressure mafic granulites with a peak mineral assemblage of garnet + clinopyroxene + rutile + quartz were found in the Amdo basement, central Tibet. Two kinds of symplectites were identified that are composed of orthopyroxene + plagioclase ± spinel and hornblende + plagioclase around garnet, which were interpreted to develop during the retrogressing stages in the granulites. P-T estimates suggested that peak metamorphic conditions were about 860–920°C and 1.46–1.56 GPa, which retrogressed from post-peak phase at 820–890°C and 0.88–1.15 GPa to amphibolite facies at 550–670°C and 0.52–0.65 GPa. These three stages define a clockwise P-T path with near-isothermal decompression and cooling following the peak high-pressure metamorphism. This suggests that the Amdo granulites underwent an initial subduction to a deep crustal level of ~50 km and then were rapidly exhumed to a shallow crustal level (~20 km). The formation of Amdo granulites is considered to result from the arc-continent collision between the Amdo basement and the Qiangtang terrane in the middle Jurassic, which is a crucial step to the tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau.     

Discovery of eclogite inclusions and its geological significance in early Jurassic intrusive complex in Xuzhounorthern Anhui,eastern China

The early Jurassic intrusive complex is chiefly made of monzodioritic porphyry in northern Anhui and northern Jiangsu, which emplaced in 191 Ma. The intrusive complexes contain a lot of eclogite inclusions which belong to eclogite and garnet-pyroxenite. The inclusions had undergone eclogite facies high-pressure metamorphism and amphibolite facies retrogressive metamorphism. The garnets in eclogite inclusions are mainly almandine varieties and clinopyroxenes are omphacite and augite. The mineral assemblage and P-T estimation results show that P-T conditions of eclogite facies metamorphism and amphibolite facies retrogressive metamorphism are over 1.2—1.5 GPa, 709—861℃ and 0.7—1.03 GPa, 666—738℃, respectively. The discovery of the highpressure xenoliths not only is of important significance to understand the composition and structure of deep crust in southern edge of North China Platform, but also can be of important influence on realizing the subduction-collision-exhumation evolutional process of the DabieSulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt.     

A huge oceanic-type UHP metamorphic belt in southwestern Tianshan, China: Peak metamorphic age and P-T path

Recent progress in the study of the UHP metamorphic belt in southwestern Tianshan, China, is summarized in this paper. This about 80-kin-long and over 10-km-wide UHP belt has been recognized by the discovery of coesite, coesite pseudomorphs and other UHP minerals. It is the largest oceanic-type UHP metamorphic belt reported so far. It has formed due to northward subduc- tion of the Tianshan Paleo-Ocean. U-Pb dating of metamorphic rims of zircons from a coesite-bearing garnet-phengite schist yields a peak UHP metamorphic ages of 320±3.7 Ma. Combined with ages of 233-226 Ma obtained from rims of zircons from retrograded eclogites, a long retrograde metamorphic evolution （〉70 Ma） has been revealed. According to phase equilibria mod- eling, the P-T paths of both coesite-bearing eclogites and garnet-phengite schists are characterized by thermal relaxation, i.e., the metamorphic temperature peak lags behind the pressure peak, indicating that the UHP rocks experienced slow and long heating and decompression during exhumation in the subduction channel. On the basis of the field observation that a small amount of eclogite lenses is wrapped in large volumes of metapelites, and the similar P-T paths of both rock types, we propose that the ex- humation of the UHP eclogites from southwestern Tianshan, China, may have resulted from the exhumation of large volumes of low-density metapelites, which carried the denser eclogites to the Earth＇s surface.