多次分段控制注浆斜向预应力钢锚管锚索组合结构加固技术现场试验研究

对多次分段控制注浆斜向预应力钢锚管锚索组合结构新型边坡加固技术的结构形式、适用范围、加固作用机理、现场试验进行分析,对比分析预应力锚索、多次分段控制注浆预应力钢锚管及多次分段控制注浆预应力钢锚管锚索承载力,研究结果表明：1)该结构特别适用岩土体破碎、松散、易塌孔地层于边坡,通过钢锚管劈裂注浆,提高边坡岩土体的强度指标,充填了和挤密破碎地层间的空洞和孔隙,有效提高锚固段锚固力;2)通过预应力锚索和预应力钢锚管极限承载力对比分析表明预应力钢锚管没能够充分发挥该地层的锚固力。预应力钢锚管施加的预应力只能传到浅表层,且破坏模式为钢管被拉断或者钢管接头处断裂;3)三组不同根数的钢绞线预应力钢锚管锚索极限承载力结果与普通的预应力锚索相比来看,单束钢绞线预应力锚索承载力由200kN增加到235kN,锚固力提高17.5%;两根钢绞线预应力锚索承载力由295kN增加到378kN,锚固力提高28.14%;三根钢绞线预应力锚索承载力由336kN增加到432.26kN,锚固力提高28.65%。表明预应力钢锚管锚索通过劈裂注浆挤密锚固段岩土体,浆液充填裂隙,形成“树根状”,有效的提高了锚固段锚固力。     

复合土钉支护内力与变形的模拟分析

为研究复合土钉支护体系中各构件的协同作用机理,应用FLAC-3D软件对纯土钉支护、土钉-预应力锚杆支护、土钉-微型桩-预应力锚杆支护三种支护方式进行模拟分析。结果表明：锚杆的深层锚固作用使各层土钉的轴力相对于纯土钉支护明显减小,且距离锚杆越近的土钉轴力下降越明显;预应力锚杆的挤压作用使土体的可能滑裂面后移,滑移半径增大,基坑边坡的稳定性增强;微型桩的设置,增强了其周围一定范围内土体的强度,改善了开挖后土体的应力场和边坡的稳定性;设置微型桩超前支护后,土钉及预应力锚杆的轴力均下降,但下降幅度不大;在土钉支护中相继增加预应力锚杆和微型桩后,基坑的水平位移明显减少。     

桩锚与土钉联合支护结构的优化选型

桩锚支护结构中预应力锚杆分为自由段和锚固段,通过施加锚杆预应力加强基坑边壁稳定性,锚杆预应力直接作用于排桩上,使基坑侧移受到限制;土钉支护结构中土钉全长锚固,通过基坑边壁侧移以部分释放土压力,并使土钉产生拉力,优势滑裂面前后土钉拉力平衡并直接作用于土体,限制土体边壁的继续变形,形成基坑边壁的支护结构。因此桩锚与土钉是两种受力机理不同的支护结构,将土钉与桩锚作为一个整体共同抵抗荷载和变形,关键是土钉和桩锚支护结构的选型设计,通过受力变形分析合理决策联合支护结构．使二者均能充分发挥其技术优势。本文根据桩锚和土钉支护结构的施工特点、受力变形特点,研究分析了土钉与桩锚联合支护结构协同工作的设计原理,根据工程实际环境条件建议了联合支护结构的优化选型方法。     

深基坑预应力锚杆锚固段应力分布规律与应用

基于凯尔文问题的位移解,推导了用于深基坑支护中的预应力锚杆锚固段剪应力与轴力的分布规律.对岩体与土体两种不同介质条件下预应力锚杆的受力分析表明,不同岩土体介质条件下,预应力锚杆破坏方式不同,要以最薄弱环节作为锚杆设计控制标准;锚杆剪应力沿锚固段呈对数螺旋曲线型分布,最大剪应力往往发生靠近锚固段初始位置处;锚杆轴力沿锚固段逐渐衰减,单纯通过提高锚固段长度来增加锚杆的极限拉拔力有一定的限度.通过对一工程实例的理论与试验对比分析,其弹性范围内的理论解与试验数据基本相吻合,从而为预应力锚杆的设计提供了理论依据.     

全长黏结岩石抗浮锚杆承载性能现场试验

抗浮锚杆具有地层适应能力强、锚固力高、造价低、工期短等优点,具有广阔的工程应用前景.开展了4组13根岩石抗浮锚杆的极限抗拔承载试验,在1根试验锚杆上安装光纤光栅应变传感器进行应力测试,所有试验锚杆均加载至极限破坏状态,从荷载-锚固体顶面位移曲线、锚筋轴力分布、锚筋剪应力分布规律及界面黏结强度等方面进行了分析.结果表明,抗浮锚杆主要出现锚筋-锚固体界面剪切滑移破坏、锚固体-周围岩体界面剪切滑移破坏及锚筋拔断3种破坏形态.试验条件下,黏结长度为2.0 m的抗浮锚杆其极限抗拔承载力为240 kN,黏结长度不小于3.0 m的抗浮锚杆其极限抗拔承载力不低于320 kN,承载力高、变形小,能够满足抗浮要求.锚筋轴力自上而下逐渐衰减,锚筋在距锚固体顶面3.0 m以下范围内不受力,建议中风化花岗岩中抗浮锚杆的黏结长度设计值取3.5～4.0 m.锚筋剪应力沿深度呈先增大后减小的趋势,在距锚固体顶面0.45 m的位置达到峰值,约为2.7 MPa.锚筋-锚固体界面平均黏结强度为1.14～1.36 MPa,锚固体-岩土体界面平均黏结强度为0.28～0.37 MPa.     

考虑土体变形与界面剪切耦合作用锚杆拉拔响应

针对土层锚杆在拉拔荷载作用下的轴向变形问题,考虑锚杆周边土体变形与锚-土界面剪切的耦合作用,建立了表征锚杆锚固体荷载传递机理的有限差分物理模型。通过数值编程求解该模型,获得了不同拉拔荷载水平下的锚杆轴向变形和土体剪切变形的解答,从而明确了锚固体在拉拔过程中荷载变形曲线和沿杆体长度方向的轴力分布规律。方法与荷载传递方法和剪切位移法等对某实际工程中灌浆锚杆案例进行分析,将各方法所获解答与实测数据进行了对比分析。结果表明:考虑土体变形与界面剪切耦合的模型可以获得与实测数据更为吻合的荷载位移曲线和轴力分布,验证了该模型的优越性和准确性。     

钢绞线-锚杆捆绑式支护结构加固边坡影响因素数值分析

为了更好地推广应用钢绞线-锚杆捆绑式新型支护结构,采用FLAC3D软件建立模型进行加固效果影响因素数值计算。研究结果表明：1锚杆张拉阶段,纵横梁对岩土体的主动挤压产生的被动压力为地基反作用力;锚杆工作阶段,边坡体产生滑移变形,纵横梁下的滑坡土体挤压框架梁产生的主动压力为地基反力;2钢绞线-锚杆支护结构加固效果的主要影响因素为锚杆预应力大小、锚杆锚固角大小和锚杆布设间距;3增大锚杆预应力是抑制边坡变形十分有效的手段,但是盲目增大锚杆预应力会引起边坡的主动破坏;锚杆预应力一定时,锚杆越趋近于垂直于边坡坡面的角度,锚固时锚固支护效果更佳;在其他参数一定时,适当减小锚杆布设间距有利于边坡稳定性的提高。     

桩锚与土钉联合支护结构的概念优化设计

土钉支护体系通过土中设置钉体加强边壁土体,得到支护功效.边壁原状土体强度可得到最大程度的发挥.桩锚支护结构主要通过施加锚杆预应力加强基坑边壁稳定性,控制基坑边壁侧移;将桩锚与土钉构成联合支护结构时,土钉对土体的加强作用使作用于桩锚结构上的土压力得到显著减小,锚杆预应力水平得到显著降低.本文根据桩锚与土钉联合支护结构的受力变形特点和二者的协同工作机理,研究了联合支护结构的概念优化设计方法.     

基于差分法的锚固体抗拔机理的分析

在岩土工程中施加各类加固锚件以改善岩体工作条件、提高岩体的稳定性已成为岩体施工中增稳的主要措施.研究了全灌浆岩锚的锚固特性.应用Mindlin问题的位移解和有限差分法研究了基于抗拔作用的拉力型和压力型锚杆荷载传递机理,利用差分法推导了锚固体与岩体之间的剪应力沿锚固长度分布规律的计算式,通过算例分析了锚固体轴力及其表面剪应力沿锚固体长度的分布规律及其影响因素,为岩土工程锚固的进一步分析和设计提供理论依据.     

桩锚边坡支护结构地震响应分析

为了弄清楚桩锚支护边坡的动力特性和抗震机理,考虑土体与支护结构相互作用及其协同工作建立有限元模型,进行了水平地震激励下桩锚支护边坡的动力响应。研究内容包括边坡水平地震响应,桩的地震响应,锚杆的地震响应。结果表明,在地震作用下边坡发生了永久位移,延性大、有很好的抗震性能,锚杆轴力沿全长变化不均匀,在滑移面附近幅度最大,桩内力和锚杆轴力在地震作用下明显增大。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with