硅单质法制备纳米SiO2及其分散稳定性研究

以硅单质为主要原料，碱催化剂制备硅溶胶，在“原位生成”纳米SiO2的同时，采用“原位分散”和“原位表面改性”的方法，制备了粒度为8－15nm的SiO2水解散液，研究了反应时间，温度，介质PH值，分散剂和表面改性剂等因素对纳米粒子粒径，粒径分布分散稳定性的影响；该制备方法简便易行，价格便宜，并有效解决了纳米SiO2在水相中的稳定分散问题，具有广阔的应用前景。     

硅单质法制备纳米SiO_2及其分散稳定性研究(九)

以硅单质为主要原料 ,碱催化制备硅溶胶 ;在“原位生成”纳米SiO2 的同时 ,采用“原位分散”和“原位表面改性”的方法 ,制备了粒度为 8～ 1 5nm的SiO2 水分散液 .研究了反应时间、温度、介质 pH值、分散剂和表面改性剂等因素对纳米粒子粒径、粒径分布及分散稳定性的影响 ;该制备方法简便易行 ,价格便宜 ,并有效解决了纳米SiO2 在水相中的稳定分散问题 ,具有广阔的应用前景     

水分散性纳米SiO2的制备、表面修饰及性能

以硅粉为主要原料，在碱催化下制备出了高固含量、低成本的纳米SiO2水分散液。采用聚醋酸乙烯对纳米SiO2进行了表面修饰，并对其机理进行了探讨。研究了反应奈件和表面修饰条件等对水分散性纳米SiO2性能的影响，得到了适宜的工艺条件。     

单分散纳米二氧化硅的制备及影响因素分析

以正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为原料采用Stober法制备了单分散、粒径分布均匀、平均直径范围在250～800nm的纳米二氧化硅微球.通过SEM和XRD表征手段,探讨了水、TEOS和氨水用量对SiO2形貌和粒径的影响.结果表明,添加适量的水会得到粒径较大、均匀且分散性好的SiO2微球;随氨水和TEOS用量增多,SiO2粒径增加;若氨水用量太少,则得到粒径虽小但圆度差、表面不光滑的SiO2.     

微乳液法合成纳米二氧化硅粒子

制备Triton X—100／正辛醇／环己烷／水(或氨水)微乳液，研究了该微乳液系统稳定相行为与制备条件的关系．在该微乳液系统稳定的条件下，由正硅酸乙酯受控水解反应制各SiO2纳米粒子，反应后处理简便，制得粒子尺度较均一的球形疏松无定型纳米SiO2粒子．SiO2粒子粒径尺寸可通过调节水与表面活度剂分子数之比m、水与正硅酸乙酯分子数之比n控制．探讨了影响SiO2纳米粒子形貌、粒径分布的因素及制备优化条件．     

极性小分子助剂对六甲基二硅氮烷改性纳米SiO2的作用机理

选择水、乙醇作为助剂,利用六甲基二硅氮烷(HMDS)在气固流化床中对纳米SiO2进行表面改性处理,采用FT—IR、TEM等多种手段表征了HMDS对纳米SiO2的改性效果。水和乙醇的引入能有效提高HMDS对纳米SiO2的改性效果及纳米SiO2的疏水程度,改善其在有机相中的分散性。极性小分子助剂在HMDS改性纳米SiO2中的作用机理分析表明：水可以促进HMDS水解。又可以补充纳米SiO2的表面羟基;乙醇一方面与纳米SiO2发生酯化反应,另一部分作为分散HMDS的溶剂。     

微乳液法制备纳米二氧化硅

制备 OP-10/正辛醇/环己烷/氨水微乳液.在该微乳液中,由正硅酸乙酯在碱性条件下受控水解反应制备了 SiO2纳米粒子.通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)分别对样品结构及形貌尺寸进行了表征.探讨了水与表面活性剂摩尔比(R)、水与正硅酸乙酯摩尔比(H)对SiO2纳米粒子粒径的影响.结果表明制备的SiO2粒子为无定型球形颗粒,粒径为 80～105nm,SiO2纳米粒子粒径随着R和H的增大而增大.     

纳米硅酸钠-丙烯酸共聚物复合助洗剂的研制

以传统的硅单质法制备硅溶胶，采用无皂法齐聚物表面改性的方法，制备了粒度为10～20nm的纳米硅酸钠水分散液，并以纳米硅酸钠、马来酸酐和丙烯酸为主要原料，合成出了一种价格低廉、性能优良的无机纳米粒子—有机高聚物复合无磷助洗剂，研究了纳米粒子制备技术、表面改性技术等因素对助洗剂性能的影响。     

快速制备纳米SiO2的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶技术，利用正硅酸乙酯的水解和缩合反应，用NH4Cl作为阳离子表面活性剂，在短时间内制备了纳米SiO2粉末。研究了pH值、水与正硅酸乙酯的体积比、溶胶凝胶温度和焙烧温度对纳米二氧化硅制备时间及其粒径的影响，并用粒度分析仪对SiO2粉体颗粒进行了表征。结果表明，采用此方法制得的SiO2粉体颗粒平均粒径为67．5nm，较理想的反应条件为水与正硅酸乙酯的体积比为10，反应温度为60℃。     

PMMA/SiO2纳米复合膜表面性能的研究

采用有机硅处理剂对纳米SiO2进行化学修饰,得到表面官能团化的纳米SiO2,然后再通过溶液聚合法制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/二氧化硅(PMMA/SiO2)纳米复合膜.利用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、水接触角仪(WCA)对其进行表征.结果表明,经有机硅处理剂官能团化的纳米SiO2能很好地分散于PMMA基体中,SiO2有富集到聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯表面的趋势,加入纳米SiO2降低了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯表面自由能,提高了膜表面的水接触角.经四氢呋喃溶剂刻蚀后,膜表面的水接触角显著提高,得到憎水型PMMA/SiO2纳米复合膜.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that