Zur Biochemie des Gewächshaustabaks

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zur Wasserpermeabilität des Protoplasmas

Summary The permeability of cells to dissolved molecules is given by the permeation constant ofCollander (cm·h^–1), whilst the permeability to water is measured by a filter constant (cm·Atm.^–1·h^–1). Therefore these constants are not comparable, and it is impossible to calculate quantitative data on the semipermeability of a cell.In this paper the permeation process is considered as a counterdiffusion of dissolved molecules into the cell and water out of the cell. From the two resulting diffusion equations formulae and a graphic method are derived, which permit to calculate the permeation constant of water, when the permeation constant of a given substance entering the cell is known. These constants are comparable and their ratio is a conclusive measure of the semipermeability.     

Zur Bestimmung der Wasserpermeabilität des Protoplasmas

Summary Two possible objections against the diffusion theory of water permeability in protoplasm¹ are discussed. One is refuted, while the other is valid. But it causes no change of the formula which has been derived for the calculation of water permeation constants strictly comparable to the constants of permeating osmotica.     

Zur Diskussion über die Homogenität des Erdinnern

Summary According to considerations put forwards byW. Kuhn andA. Rittmann some years ago, it follows that the chemical composition of the interior of the earth must be rather homogeneous; the well-known discontinuity which occurs at 2900 km with respect to the propagation of longitudinal and transverse waves should not be due to a discontinuity of the material composition (not to an iron core). It is due to a continous decrease of the viscosity and thereby of the relaxation time; transverse waves of a period of e.g. 30 seconds will no more be propagated in a material whose relaxation time for tangential stress is below 30 seconds, while the longitudinal waves will suffer a decrease of the velocity at the same time.A criticism put forward byA. Eucken consists in the argument that a material in which the time of relaxation for tangential stress becomes equal to the period of the vibration will exhibit a considerable absorption coefficient for longitudinal waves too. It is now shown that the distance on which the period of vibration and the relaxation time are approximately equal is small compared with the wave length of the seismic waves in question, from which it follows that the resulting absorption of the longitudinal waves too will only be small.A further consideration shows that a mixture of 99 atomic % hydrogen and 1 atomic % of iron is most probably supercritical at a temperature of 5000° abs.A survey of the solubilities in question shows further that the hydrogen present in a mixture of 90% hydrogen and 10% iron should on the strength of the absorption coefficient be completely absorbed by the iron at 5000° abs. and at a total pressure of 2.10⁶ atmospheres.The main argument why the assumption of an iron core inside the earth must be dismissed remains the fact that the present state must be the result of an asymptotic processus which at least in its final phase has occurred under conditions similar to the present conditions of temperature, pressure and viscosity; these latter conditions are far from permitting the processus of sedimentation etc. which would be required.     

Zur Theorie des Föhns

Ohne ZusammenfassungOlten, den 9. November 1947.     

Zur Theorie des HCl-Moleküls

Summary The binding energy of the HCl molecule has been recalculated based onGombás's andNeugebauer's statistical method. We now useHartree's andFock's Eigenfunktionen, and our numerical results are better by some percent than the old ones.     

Zur Entstehung des Lungenödems

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zur Metallspezifität der Hexokinase

Summary The activity of hexokinase has been determined in the presence of different metal ions. Besides Mg²⁺, the ions Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Cd²⁺ show remarkable activation. The differences are explained by superposition of an activating and an inhibiting function. The specifity problem is discussed.     

Zur Geschichte des Begriffes „Isospin“

Ohne Zusammenfassung Vorgelegt von B L. van der Waerden     

Zur Pathogenese des Urämiesyndroms. Brenztraubensäure,Acetoin und 2,3-Butylenglykol in Blut von Patienten mit Nieren- und Leberkrankheiten

Summary Acetoin and 2, 3-butylene glycol in blood of renal and hepatic patients are raised, when consciousness is disturbed. There is no correlation between blood levels of acetoin and 2, 3-butylene glycol and the degree of impairment of consciousness. Simultaneous determinations of acetoin and 2, 3-butylene glycol in blood and cerebrospinal fluid show that alterations of the cerebral pyruvic acid metabolism are difficult to detect in circulating blood.

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Mit Unterstützung des «Schweizerischen Nationalfonds» und der Firma F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co., AG, Basel.

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5. Mitteilung. — 1. Mitt.:H. Thölen, F. Bigler undH. Staub, Path. Microbiol.24, 262 (1961). — 2. Mitt.:F. Bigler, H. Thölen undH. Staub, Helv. physiol. Acta19, C11 (1961). — 3. Mitt.:H. Thölen, F. Bigler undH. Staub, Exper.17, 359 (1961). — 4. Mitt.:F. Bigler, H. Thölen undH. Staub, Schweiz. med. Wschr.91, 1259 (1961).     

Tonspektrographische Untersuchungen des Säuglingsgeschreis

Summary A preliminary report is given on the use of sound spectrographic techniques for the study of the non-verbal means at the disposal of the newborn child or the small infant to express itself to the environment. Certain types of signals were found to be common in the non-verbal cry of different infants. A typical sonogram is described in detail.     

Zur Pathogenese des Urämiesyndroms1. Über den Einfluss von Tyramin auf die Acetoinsynthese aus Brenztraubensäure in Rattenleberhomogenat2

Summary Tyramine enhanced the production of acetoin from pyruvate in rat liver homogenates. A stimulation of acetoin synthesis was only observed, when tyramine was oxidized during the incubation. Tyrosol (p-hydroxyphenylethanol) stimulated acetoin synthesis whereasp-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and ammonia were ineffective.

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Mit Unterstützung des »Schweizerischen Nationalfonds» und der Firma F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. AG, Basel.

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8. Mitteilung. 1. Mitt.:H. Thölen, F. Bigler undH. Staub, Path. Microbiol. (Basel)24, 262 (1961). — 2. Mitt.:F. Bigler, H. Thölen undH. Staub, Helv. physiol. Acta19, C 11 (1961). — 3. Mitt.:H. Thölen, F. Bigler undH. Staub, Exper.17, 359 (1961). — 4. Mitt.:F. Bigler, H. Thölen undH. Staub, Schweiz. med. Wschr.91, 1259 (1961). — 5. Mitt.:H. Thölen, F. Bigler, A. Heusler, W. Stauffacher undH. Staub, Exper.18, 454 (1962). — 6. Mitt.:F. Bigler, H. Thölen undH. Staub, Schweiz. med. Wschr.92, 746 (1962). — 7. Mitt.:F. Bigler, H. Thölen undH. Staub, in Vorbereitung.     

Zur Bildung mittelkettiger Fettsäurereste in elektronenbestrahlten Fetten

Summary Investigations of the chemical changes in fats subjected to cathode rays (100 Mrad) indicated the formation of shorter fatty acid chains. Besides splitting off the terminal methyl groups, especially the medial C-C-bonds are readily split and saturated and unsaturated C₆-C₁₁-fragments are formed. The double bond is relatively resistant, but the C-C-bond near the double bond is easily fractured.     

Zur Indikation biochemischer Vorgänge durch kristallisierendes Kupferchlorid

Summary It is shown that differences in the asymmetry (optical impurities) of an added compound may influence considerably the crystallisation pattern of cupric chloride when crystallised under constant conditions on a glass plate. The high amplification of a purely formal difference in asymmetry calls for a specific information mechanism, one crystallographic possibility of which is discussed. This shows an approach to the problem of recognizing optical impurities in mixtures. The results are discussed in connection with the spontaneous racemisation in biochemical systems and may contribute to the understanding of the diagnostic biocrystallisation of copper chloride in cases of cancer     

Papier-Elektrochromatographie der Aminosäuren des Blutserums

Summary A simple method for paper-electrochromatography of free aminoacids of blood serum is given. In the first direction of the separation a normal apparatus for paper electrophoresis of serum proteins at low voltage is used. The aminoacids are separated into neutral, acid and basic components according to their mobility in the electric field, and are separated in the second direction by means of the descending technique on a chromatogram sewn to the electropherogram.     

Versuche zur Spezifität des Feinderkennens durch Trauerschnäpper

Summary Pied flycatchers (Ficedula h. hypoleuca) possess at least two releasing mechanisms for triggering the mobbing response to predators near the nest, namely for shrikes and for owls. This is demonstrated by the fact that body size, which was varied in dummy experiments, enters into these mechanisms differentially.

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Mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Zur Frage des Virusrezeptors von perjodatbehandelten roten Blutkörperchen

Summary Absorption tests have shown that those receptors of the erythrocytes which can be oxydised with JO₄-ions cannot be regarded as identical with the virus receptors.     

Purin- und Pyrimidinbasen der Desoxyribonukleinsäure des Ehrlichschen Mäuse-Ascites-Karzinomas

Summary The proportion of purines and pyrimidines in the DNA of the Ehrlich mouse ascites carcinoma is examined and compared with the base proportion of the DNA from liver and kidney of the normal mouse. The following findings were obtained: The DNA of the ascites tumor contains more guanine and less cytosine and thymine than the DNA of the normal mouse. For guanine this difference is statistically significant. The changed base compound is discussed with regard to the changed growing rate in tumors and the altered chromosome structure in the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma.

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Durchgeführt mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Die Infektiosität des Ribonukleinsäureanteils von Maul- und Klauenseuche-Virus

Summary Using the phenol method described byGierer andSchramm, preparations of infective ribonucleic acid were prepared from tongue tissues of cattle infected with the virus of foot-and-mouth disease.