低温地热及热泵联合供热系统热源设计

探讨了低温地热资源有效利用的方法,针热泵技术应用于低温地热供暖。通过对地热－热泵联合供热热源系统的设计计算、方案比较,分析热泵参与地热供暖的负荷调节,论证了洋系统是提高低温能源利用率的有效方式,还介绍了工程投资和运行成本的概算方法。     

地热直供结合热泵代替锅炉供暖实现节能环保的应用案例研究

通过对地热直供结合热泵供暖技术进行充分的调研与论证,于2010—2012年实施了渤海石油滨海新村与东沽石油新村供暖系统节能技术应用改造。通过采暖期的实际运行,地热直供结合热泵技术实现了完全替代锅炉供暖,且供暖效果良好,节能减排显著。     

高温热泵技术及其在地热供暖中的应用

热泵技术是调节地热热源与用户需求间能源品位不一致的重要手段,而发展高温热泵技术对于拓展热泵的应用范围具有重要意义。本文在回顾总结国内外高温热泵研发现状的基础上,着重介绍了补气增焓热泵和吸收压缩式热泵两种具有巨大潜力推动热泵高温化发展的技术形式,结合设备研发情况及应用案例分析高温热泵技术的性能,展望其在地热供暖中的应用前景。     

水源热泵调峰技术在地热供暖系统中的应用——锅炉调峰供暖系统改造

结合滨海石油新村供暖改造工程实例，详细讲述了如何将“地热一锅炉调峰”系统改造为“地热-水源热泵调峰”系统，从而提高地热利用率，降低尾水排放温度，增加企业经济效益，减少污染物排放。     

运用热泵提高低温地热采暖系统能源利用率的分析

本文探讨我国京津市区丰富的低温地热资源有效利用的方法。文中着重分析有热泵参与的各种地热采暖系统的负荷分配和节能效果,论证热泵系统是提高低温能源利用率和城市采暖的有效方式。本文还介绍了地热热泵模拟试验和所得到的某些结果。在经济性分析中指出我国电和燃料比价与国外有很大不同,所以电动热泵直接经济效果还不明显。提议城市地区可用燃气机拖动热泵,并建议要有合理的能源政策促进热泵节能技术的发展。     

再接再厉，让热泵技术在打造城市热网中作贡献

 热泵技术自20世纪90年代引进国内以来，得到了快速发展。20多年来，全国利用各类热泵技术（地源，地下水源，其他各种热源，如地表水、海水以及中/污水等）进行的供暖-制冷-生活用热水的所谓“三联供”已在各地推广、应用，并得到建设部门和广大用户的认可。特别是2008年北京奥运会、2010年上海世博会热泵技术的应用更使这一技术声名鹊起。截至2012年底，全国利用热泵技术供暖的总建筑面积已达到2.1亿m²，取得了很好的效果。2013年1月，国家能源局等4部委公布的“关于促进地热能开发利用的指导意见”中明确指出要“积极推广浅层地热能的开发利用”。并规定：“到2015年，全国地热供暖面积要达到5亿m²”，其中采用热泵技术的供暖面积将大幅度增加。这是一项新的挑战和一次重要机遇。     

关于热泵在采暖节能方面的应用

本文对主要的热泵供热形式，技术特征、适用范围和经济性作了较详细的介绍。通过对风冷热泵机组的低温性能比较，发现采用地板采暖时，由于地板所需求水温较低，比风机盘管供暖节省。选择低温性能优异的风冷热泵机组，并适当考虑功率大一些，在我国大部分北方地区，均可以满足采暖要求，达到明显节能、环保的效果。风冷热泵结合地板采暖将是替代燃煤采暖的最经济的清洁采暖系统。     

香格里拉太阳能热泵联合供暖系统热泵功率与供暖面积的匹配研究

为研究香格里拉居民住房中太阳能热泵联合供暖系统热泵功率与供暖面积的匹配关系,利用TRNSYS与TRNBuild构建了模拟系统并计算,发现在满足太阳辐射量最低供暖月的热水需求条件下,热泵功率与供暖面积的匹配关系为:40～68、68～102、102～140m2和140～180m2供暖面积可分别采用3、4、5P和6P空气源热泵供暖.     

近零能耗建筑地面辐射供暖末端设计参数优化

目的 研究近零能耗建筑地热盘管间距和供水温度之间的最佳匹配模式,解决地面辐射供暖末端参数设计不合理造成的室内温度过高、热泵机组能效偏低等问题。方法 利用TRNSYS软件计算并分析近零能耗建筑热负荷特征,建立能源系统模型,分析末端参数对室内温度、热舒适、系统能耗的影响,对盘管间距和供水温度进行优化。结果 近零能耗建筑利用土壤源热泵结合地面辐射供暖末端供热,当盘管间距200 mm,热泵供水温度35℃,供暖季初期和末期室温偏高,热舒适性较差。供水温度不变,增大盘管间距至400 mm,热舒适性提高。盘管间距不变,降低供水温度至30℃,热舒适性达到Ⅱ级。降低供水温度30℃与45℃相比热泵能效提升12.57%,能源系统供暖季总能耗降低145.5 kW·h。结论 近零能耗建筑供暖季热负荷比普通建筑低,可增大盘管间距为300～400 mm,降低供水温度为30～35℃,使建筑的热舒适性提高,降低系统能耗。     

深部煤层伴生废热新模式开发及适用性分析

现阶段深部煤层的开发过程中,煤层埋藏深、温度高,开发初期伴生地层水携高温废热开采至地面造成了部分能源浪费.基于资源综合利用角度上,为了使深部煤层开发中携带的废热用于热泵技术热源,提出废井改造地热井以降低钻井成本,以此设立深部煤层地热开发的工艺及热泵技术适用条件,从经济性及安全性两方面去分析深部煤层地热开发的可行性,给出了利用热泵系统进行煤层伴生废热开发的条件,最终建立出相关热泵系统模型,通过具体的示例环境参数进行计算.得出鄂尔多斯东缘神府地区某区块深部煤层伴生废热的单井制热量可达14.8 kW,热泵系统的制热性能系数(COP)可达到4.33～7.31,同时,煤层气井出口混合产物温降将近10℃.表明煤层伴生废热开发在提高了井上采收作业安全性的同时拥有较好的采热开发环境,扩展了废热可利用的经济性,提出一种深部煤层综合性开发的新型模式.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-