Magnetostratigraphy of Late Cenozoic fossil mammals in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau

~~Magnetostratigraphy of Late Cenozoic fossil mammals in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau~~~~     

不同淋溶方式下石英砂柱中铁锰的运移淀积特征

以石英砂为装柱材料,用不同浓度的铁锰单一或混合溶液淋溶石英砂柱40次,研究淋溶液的pH（pH5,pH3．5）,铁锰物质的量比（1：1,2：1,4：1）和淋溶方式（铁锰同时淋溶或交替淋溶）等因素对石英砂柱中铁锰淀积和运移的影响。结果表明：i）不同淋溶方式的处理间铁锰形态分布存在显著差异。随淋溶次数的增加,铁锰同时淋溶的砂柱内,各形态的铁锰淀积量逐渐增加,而铁锰交替淋溶砂柱内的铁锰含量随淋溶阶段而变化;2）相同淋溶方式,不同铁锰物质的量比处理的砂柱间铁锰淀积量差异显著,淋溶液锰浓度高的处理其游离锰、非晶锰的淀积量较大;3）相同铁锰物质的量比,铁锰同时淋溶处理的游离铁锰和非晶质铁的淀积量高于相应交替淋溶的,而非晶质锰的反之;4）pH3．5淋溶处理的砂柱中,铁锰淀积量总体高于pH5的,以下层（25cm）的含量最高,铁锰具有向下运移的规律,但在pH5淋溶处理的砂柱中该现象不明显;5）石英砂表面淀积的游离和非晶质铁锰随着淋溶的进行总体呈现增加的趋势,前期淀积的游离铁锰对后阶段游离铁锰的形成有促进作用,游离铁与非晶质铁的淀积量呈正相关。     

Humification degrees of peat in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and palaeoclimate change

In this article we report a new and sensitive palaeoclimate proxy indieator-humification degrees of peat. Based on the comparison of humification degrees with other climate proxy records, such as δ^13C time series of the C. mulieensis remains cellulose in the same peat profile, we suggest that humifieation degrees of peat in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau can served as a palaeoclimate proxy indicator. The higher the hnmification degrees of peat, the warmer-wetter the climate; on the contrary, the lower the humification degrees, the colder-drier the climate. Due to the simple method of deter-mination, humifieation degree of peat is worthy studying and applying further.     

New evidence for the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau as a pilot region of climatic fluctuation in China

Over 40 a observed temperature data in 172 stations in China and historical proxy data were analyzed. Evidence suggested that during 1980–1994, the warmest year appeared first in southeastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau (henceforth SETP) and then gradually spread northwards and eastwards to eastern China. The climatic change on century time scale in recent 600 a shows 3 relatively warm and clod stages in China. Each warm and cold stage appeared first in Tibet Plateau (henceforth TP) and then in the Qilian Mountains, then in the eastern parts of China. The warm and cold stages in TP were 10–60 a earlier than in the eastern China. The facts show that TP is a pilot region of climatic fluctuation in China on the time scale shorter than 10³a.     

长乐东部风沙地貌及其开发利用

福建省长乐县东部发育典型的海岸沙丘地貌。这些海岸沙丘以及长乐东部风成沙覆盖的沙地分布区是该县主要的农业耕作区和经济开发区。本文阐述了海岸沙丘的类型和特点，风成沙的成分特征，并以此为基础，分析了不同海岸沙丘和风沙地的开发利用问题。     

Role of atmospheric heat source/sink over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in quasi-4-year oscillation of atmosphere-land-ocean interaction

Using 1961—1995 monthly atmospheric apparent heat source/sink <Q₁> over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP) and reanalysis data of NCEP/NCAR, and 1961—1994 monthly SST of UK/GISST2, the statistical study is undertaken on the QXP heat source/sink in relation to both atmospheric circulation in Asia and El Niño/La Niña events. It is discovered that there exists noticeable interaction in a quasi-4-year period among the <Q₁> of the QXP, low-level meridional winds east of the QXP, low-level zonal winds in the equatorial Pacific, SST in the equatorial eastern Pacific, and the circulation at mid and high latitudes north of the QXP. They have difference in phase. The cold source intensity of the QXP in winter favours a low-level meridional wind anomaly to prevail in the mainland of China and its coast east of the QXP and to last until the subsequent autumn. The wind anomaly can induce a low-level zonal wind anomaly of the tropic Pacific that finally affects an El Niño/La Niña event in the autumn and subsequent winter. The event in autumn/winter has effect on the deep trough position and cold air track of East Asia in next winter that influences the intensity of the QXP winter cold source.     

Comprehensive geophysical profile and lithosphere structures and geodynamics in western Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau

A comprehensive study in this paper for the lithosphere velocity structure, conductivity structure, density and magnetism structure at the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibetan) Plateau has been completed based on the data of gravity, geomagnetism, and magneto-telluric sounding (MTS), explosion seismology acquired on the comprehensive geophysical profile along Gyirong-Sangehu. It presents the deep and shallow structural features of blocks, suture zones, and faults. Meanwhile, the lithosphere structure at the east and west parts of the plateau has been crossstudied and the deep structure of the plateau and the geodynamic models have been discussed according to the geophysical data available for the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau.     

近10年来青藏高原地表温度时空变化特征分析

基于2008-2017年青藏高原地区133个地面气象站的地表温度观测数据和五套地表温度模拟资料(ERA-5、ERA-Interim、GLDAS2.1-Noah、JRA-55、MERRA-2),分析了近10年以来青藏高原地区地表温度的时空变化特征以及多种地表温度模拟资料在青藏高原的适用性。结果表明：(1)青藏高原地区的地表温度呈现边缘地区高、中心地区低,由边缘地区向中心地区递减的变化趋势,地表温度的空间分布主要受海拔高度影响,同时服从纬度的地带性规律;(2)五套地表温度模拟资料均能够描述青藏高原地区地表温度的空间分布特征,但是均出现了低估现象,可以基于模拟资料所使用的高程数据与实际观测之间的高程差,对地表温度模拟结果进行修正;(3)近10年,青藏高原地区的地表温度呈现变暖趋势,且随着海拔高度的降低,地表温度增暖趋势越剧烈;(4)在青藏高原多年冻土区3个地面气象站,五套地表温度模拟资料与观测资料呈显著相关(相关系数>0.96),模拟误差具有季节性特征,在夏季和冬季偏差较大,在春季和秋季偏差较小。     

青藏高原东北缘临夏盆地王家山地区沉积环境分析与构造隆升

通过对青藏高原东北缘临夏盆地王家山地区新生代地层沉积相研究，划分出7个沉积旋回；盆地沉积与高原隆升的响应关系揭示出高原29Ma以来先后经历了初期隆升至稳定阶段(29．0—21．4Ma)、中期随升至稳定阶段(21．4—6．25Ma)、后期逐步隆升阶段(6．25—3．58Ma)和晚期急剧强烈隆升阶段(3．58—0Ma)，可见青藏高原的隆升是一个多阶段、不等速和非均变的复杂过程．     

A very strong summer monsoon event during 30-40 kaBP in the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau and its relation to precessional cycle

Guliya ice core records, high lake-level records in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and at its north side as well as vegetation succession records indicated that during the period of 30-40 kaBP, namely the later age of the megainterstadial of last glacial period, or the marine oxygen isotope stage 3, the climate of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau was exceptionally warm and humid, the temperature was 2-4℃ higher than today and the precipitation was 40% to over 100% higher than the current average, all these suggested the existence of an exceedingly strong summer monsoon event. It has been inferred that the occurrence of such an event was attributed, on the one hand, to the stronger summer low pressure over the Plateau, which strengthened the attraction to the summer monsoon; on the other hand, to the vigorous evaporation of the tropic ocean surface, which promoted the moisture-rich southwest monsoon to flow over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The background responsible for the formation of the very strong summer monsoon was that the period of 30-40 kaBP was just in the strong insolation stage of the 20ka precessional cycle, when the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau received extraordinary strong solar radiation and thus enlarged the thermodynamical contrast between the Plateau and the mid-south part of the Indian Ocean.     

Paleoclimatic significance of mineral magnetic properties of loess sediments in northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Loess deposit in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau offers an excellent record of climate and environment changes in this region.We have conducted multiparameter mineral magnetic analyses of smaples of loess deposits from the Dongchuan,Lalakou and Panzishan sections.The methods used include magnetic susceptibility,fre-quency-dependent suceptibility,temperature-dependent susceptibility,isothermal remanent magnetization acquisibility.Maghemite and hematite is also present in the loess layers and paleosol horizons.The higher concentration of maghemite in paleosols suggests that the formation of maghemite occurred during in situ pedogenesis,which plays an important role in the enhancement of the magnetic susceptibitily.Similar to that in the Chinese Loess Plateau lying to the east of the Liupan Mountains,magnetic granulometry in the studied loess and paleosols is predominantly pseudo-single-domain(PSD). However,the mean grain-size of the ferrimagnetic minerals in loess is evidently coarser (larger PSD and multiomain-like) than in paleosols (mainly PSD).The magnetic susceptibility of loess and paleosols is positively correlated with the content of ultrafine magnet-ite/maghemite grains,and hence with the intensity of in situ pedogenesis.Therefore,the enhanced magnetic susceptibility in the studied loess-paleosol sequences can be interpreted as being due to climatically induced in situ pedogenesis.     

Late Cenozoic high-resolution magnetostratigraphy in the Kunlun Pass Basin and its implications for the uplift of the northern Tibetan Plateau

The Kunlun Pass Basin, located in the middle of the eastern Kunlun Mountains, received relatively continuous late Cenozoic sediments from the surrounding mountains, archiving great information to understand the deformation and uplift histories of the northern Tibetan Plateau. The Kunlun-Yellow River Movement, identified from the tectonomorphologic and sedimentary evolution of the Kunlun Pass Basin by Cui Zhijiu et al. （1997, 1998）, is roughly coincident with many important global and Plateau climatic and environmental events, becoming a crucial time interval to understand tectonic-climatic interactions. However, the ages used to constrict the events remain great uncertainty. Here, we present the results of detailed magnetostratigraphy of the late Cenozoic sediments in the Kunlun Pass Basin, which show the basin sediments were formed between about 3.6 Ma and 0.5 Ma and the Kunlun-Yellow River Movement occurred at 1.2 to ～0.78 Ma. The lithology, sedimentary facies and lithofacies associations divide the basin into five stages of tectonosedimentary evolution, indicating the northern Tibetan Plateau having experienced five episodes of tectonic uplifts at ～3.6, 2.69-2.58, 1.77, 1.2, 0.87 and ～0.78 Ma since the Pliocene.     

青藏高原腹地第四纪地质环境演化的地球动力学机制

根据古季风变化与生物生产总量之间的耦合关系,结合区域地质演变和地球卫星遥感影像解译成果,对引起高原内部古气候环境变化发展过程的启动激发因素和相互耦合机制及其驱动传递效应进行探索研究,这个方向目前仍然属于高原地质环境演变及全球变化的前沿领域。     

MD膜驱剂对油藏矿物ζ电位的影响

用微电泳法考察了3种季铵盐(MD膜驱剂、四乙基溴化铵((Et)4NB)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB))和无机盐对石英砂和大庆油砂界面电性的影响.结果表明,3种季铵盐对石英砂ζ电位影响的顺序为:CTAB>MD膜驱剂>(Et)4NB.无机盐使石英砂在MD膜驱剂溶液中的ζ电位升高,无机盐中的Al3+离子影响比Ca2+和Na+离子明显.大庆油砂在MD膜驱剂和(Et)4NB溶液中的ζ电位较沥青质-大庆油砂的低,而大庆油砂在吸附沥青质前后在CTAB溶液中的ζ电位变化很小.理论计算表明,沥青质-大庆油砂饱和吸附季铵盐的ζ电位大于大庆油砂,季铵盐在沥青质-大庆油砂表面的相对覆盖率小于大庆油砂.     

Variations of organic carbon isotopic composition and its environmental significance during the last glacial on western Chinese Loess Plateau

The last glacial period is characterized by a cold and dry climate with low atmospheric CO2 concentration. The relatively arid climate and low CO2 concentration are favorable to the growth of C4 plants, but the low temperature limits the development of th…     

鄂尔多斯西南缘奥陶系碳酸盐重力沉积及古地理意义

为了查明鄂尔多斯西南缘奥陶系碳酸盐重力沉积的主要类型,探讨其成因机制以及古地理背景,对大量野外剖面和钻井岩心进行了系统观察。研究表明,奥陶系碳酸盐重力沉积丰富多样,主要发育岩崩、滑动、滑塌、碎屑流和浊流沉积。根据碎屑来源可将碳酸盐碎屑流划分为内源、外源、陆源及混源等类型,反映不同的成因机制和构造背景。研究后认为,鄂尔多斯地块早中奥陶世为广阔的克拉通陆表海浅水碳酸盐台地沉积,仅在西南缘有少量碳酸盐重力流发育。中奥陶世末克里摩里沉积期,鄂尔多斯西南缘演变为克拉通边缘拗陷-裂陷型陆缘海沉积格局,南缘大量发育碳酸盐滑塌-碎屑流-浊流沉积,西缘大量发育碳酸盐垮塌-碎屑流沉积。