苯乙烯—甲基丙烯酸共聚物的合成,结构与性能研究

采用悬浮聚合法合成了苯乙烯－甲基丙烯酸共聚物（ＳＭＡＡ），得率为９２％左右。由Ｋｅｌｅｎ－Ｔｕｄｏｓ法求得苯乙烯（Ｓｔ）与甲基丙烯酸（ＭＡＡ）在８０℃进行共聚反应的竞聚率为Ｔｓｔ＝０．３０５，ＴＭＡＡ＝０．６００。通过正交试验，确定了最佳配方。经ＦＴ－ＩＲ、ＤＳＣ、元素分析、化学滴定、ＧＰＣ等表征，证实了所合成的产物为透明的苯乙烯－甲基丙烯酸无规共聚物。研究表明，ＳＭＡＡ的耐热性比ＰＳ好得多，其玻     

水溶性共聚物SMA,SSMA与表面活性剂相互作用的荧光研究

利用荧光光谱配以通常的表面张力法，测定了水溶性苯乙烯－马来酸印共聚物（ＳＭＡ）和磺化苯乙烯－马来酸酐共聚物（ＳＳＭＡ）的表面活性，研究了其与表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（ＳＤＳ）、十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚（ＤＥ＿９）之间的相互作用。结果表明，由于具有高表面活性的ＳＳＭＡ与ＳＤＳ、ＤＥ＿９之间存在着强的增效作用，添加０．１％ＳＳＭＡ就可大大提高表面活性剂的使用效果。ＳＭＡ与上述表面活性剂的复配增效作用比ＳＳＭＡ要弱。     

PDS的合成及其对聚合烯耐辐射性能的影响

使用不同配比的４－（甲基丙烯酸）－２，２，６，６－四甲基哌啶醇酯和苯乙烯，改变引发剂ＡＩＢＮ的用量，合成了一系列具有不同单体配比和相对分子质量的ＴＭＰＭ和共聚物（ＰＤＳ），研究了它们对聚丙烯耐γ辐射性能的影响。当ＴＭＰＭ和Ｓｔ的质量比为２：１￣１：２，引发剂的用量占单体总质量的０．５％￣１％时，合成的ＰＤＳ作为光稳定剂添加到聚丙烯中后，聚丙烯的耐辐射性能最好。     

ABS/PA6/St-co-NPMI共混体系相界面特征研究

用小角Ｘ光散射法（ＳＡＸＳ）对ＡＢＳ树脂（丙烯腈Ａ－丁二烯Ｂ－苯乙烯Ｓ）／聚酰胺６树脂（ＰＡ６）／苯乙烯－马来酰胺共聚物（Ｓｔ－ｃｏ－ＮＰＭＩ）三元共混体系的界面结构进行了研究。由Ｄｅｂｙｅ散射理论中相关距离（ａｃ）和积分不变量（Ｑ）值随组成比变化显示,在ＡＢＳ／ＰＡ６／Ｓｔ－ｃｏ－ＮＰＭＩ（７０／３０／２,ｗｔ％）时,ａｃ＝５０．７４,Ｑ＝０．３９７２体系相容程度较高。这表明,Ｓｔ－ｃｏ－ＮＰ     

乙烯系单体自由基聚合的阻聚效应(XX)取代哌啶羟胺及其稳定自由基对苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚合的影响

研究了２，２，６，６－四甲基－４－羟基哌啶羟胺（ＴＭＨＰＨＡ）和２，２，６，６－四甲基－羟基哌啶－１－氧自由基（ＴＭＨＰＯ）对偶氮二异丁腈（ＡＩＢＮ）６０℃引发的苯乙烯（Ｍ１）－甲基丙烯酸甲酯（Ｍ２）共聚合的行为．结果表明，两种阻聚剂对苯乙烯（Ｓｔ）－甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）共聚合均呈现良好的阻聚效应，其中ＴＭＨＰＨＡ略优于ＴＭＨＰＯ；同时观察到Ｓｔ－ＭＭＡ共聚表观活化能和竞聚率表现出的差异．当阻聚剂为２００μｇ时，共聚物组成发生改变，它们的恒比共聚点由对照实验的０．５２９分别变化为０．５４３（ＴＭＨＰＨＡ）和０．５６７（ＴＭＨＰＯ）．     

Friedel－Crafts反应合成无规支化聚苯乙烯及其支化结构表征

将阴离子聚合所得窄分布聚苯乙烯（ｄ＜１．１）在无水ＺｎＣｌ＿２催化下以氯甲醚对其进行氯甲基化（Ｃ１％＜１．５），再用自制无水ＡｌＣｌ＿３作催化剂，使氯甲基化聚苯乙烯（ＣＭＰＳ）发生大分子链间的Ｆｒｉｅｄｅｌ－Ｃｒａｆｔｓ反应，一步合成主链与支链等长的无规支化聚苯乙烯（ＡＢＰＳ）．研究了支化反应条件及支化结构，实验表明，反应条件：Ｔ＝４０～４５Ｃ、Ｃ＿（ＣＭｐＳ）＝０．１～０，１５ｇ·Ｍｌ￣（－１）、Ｃ＿（ｃａｔ）＝０．０５～０．１ｇ·ｍｌ￣（－１）、ｔ＞ｌ２ｈ达到良好的支化效果，支化臂数为１～２０．     

溴化苄对二乙基胺甲基膦酸锆的季铵化及三相催化反应

首次制得二乙基胺甲基膦酸锆－亚磷酸锆Ｚｒ（ＨＰＯ＿３）＿（２－ｘ）·（Ｏ＿３ＰＣＨ＿２ＮＥｔ＿２）＿ｘ·Ｈ＿２Ｏ（ＺＤＥＡＭＰ－ＺＰ，ｘ＝０．７５，０．６０，０．５０）．将ＺＤＥＡＭＰ－ＺＰ用溴化苄季铵化，得到部分季铵化的产物：溴化苄基二乙基铵甲基膦酸锆－二乙基胺甲基膦酸锆－业磷酸锆Ｚｒ（ＨＰＯ＿３）＿（２－ｘ）·（Ｏ＿３ＰＣＨ＿２ＮＥｔ＿２）＿（ｘ－ｙ）·（Ｏ＿３ＰＣＨ＿２Ｎ￣＋Ｅｔ＿２·ＣＨ＿２Ｐｈ·Ｂｒ￣－）＿ｙ·Ｈ＿２Ｏ（Ｙ＜Ｘ，ＺＢＤＥＡＭＰＢ－ＺＤＥＡＭＰ－ＺＰ）．ＺＢＤＥＡＭＰＢ－ＺＤＥＡＭＰ－ＺＰ用于进行液／固／液或固固／液三相催化的亲核取代成醚、卤代烃和羧酸盐合成酯及二氯卡宾加成反应，均得到良好的结果。催化剂易于分离和回收，通常回收７０％～１００％，催化剂重复使用１０次以上无明显失活。     

γ－谷氨酸甲酯－NCA与γ－谷氨酸苄酯－NCA共聚反应和竞聚率的测定

研究了以二氯乙酸为溶剂，三乙胺为引发剂，γ－谷氨酸甲酯－Ｎ羧基－α－氨基羧酐（ＭＬＧ－ＮＣＡ）与γ－谷氨酸苄酯－Ｎ羧基－α－氨基羧酐（ＢＬＧ－ＮＣＡ）的共聚反应．用１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ谱测定了共聚物中两种单体元的组成．利用Ｋｅｌｅｎ－Ｔｕｄｏｓ作图法和最小二乘法计算出两种单体竞聚率．结果表明ＭＬＧ－ＮＣＡ的竞聚率为，ｒ１＝０．９６０，ＢＬＧ－ＮＣＡ竞聚率为ｒ２＝０．７０４．     

聚苯乙烯接枝聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的形态结构与性能

扫描电镜观察表明，阴离子聚合、基团转移聚合和大分子反应法联用合成的ＰＳ－ｇ－ＰＭ－ＭＡ共聚物的形态结构是分散的ＰＭＭＡ微粒存在于ＰＳ连续相中的两相体系，其形态特征受制样条件和共聚物组分两方面的影响．ＤＴＡ－ＴＧＡ和应力一应变实验反映了这种接枝共聚物的玻璃化温度降低（Ｔｇ１７５℃，Ｔｇ２４０℃），热分解温度提高（Ｔｄ＝５５０℃，失重＜７０％）和强度增大．     

顺丁烯二酸二丁基锡酯-苯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯三元共聚物对PVC的热稳定作用

经刚果红实验、动态热流变测试、热重分析和扫描电镜等,研究了顺丁烯二酸二丁基锡酯（ＤＢＴＭ）－丙烯酸丁酯（ＢＡ）－苯乙烯（Ｓｔ）三元共聚物（ＰＤＳＢ）对聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）的热稳定作用．结果表明,在含锡量相同的条件下,ＰＤＳＢ对ＰＶＣ的热稳定效果优于ＤＢＴＭ,还可以提高ＰＶＣ的加工流动性．该研究是实现ＰＶＣ有机锡热稳定剂高分子化和多功能化的探索之一．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with