新生大鼠海马神经干细胞缺血再灌注实验模型建立

目的探讨建立新生大鼠海马神经干细胞体外缺血再灌注模型。方法体外细胞培养采用无血清培养。实验分为模型组和对照组,模型组采用氧糖剥夺（OGD）法模拟在体缺血,应用MTT法检测海马神经干细胞的OD值。结果细胞OGD处理后,不同时间点的细胞活性与正常对照组比较,最初活性升高,随后活性下降,4h、6h显著差异（P〈0．05）,有明显统计学意义。结论此方法建立的细胞体外缺血再灌注模型结果可靠,能应用于实验研究。     

不同缺血时间对脑缺血/再灌注损伤大鼠神经行为学的影响

为探讨不同缺血时间对脑缺血/再灌注损伤大鼠神经行为学的影响,利用线栓法复制脑缺血/再灌注损伤模型,考察缺血1 h、2 h和4 h后再灌注1 d、4 d、7 d和14 d的不同时间点时大鼠神经功能缺损评分,TTC染色测梗死面积.结果显示缺血2 h组存活率较高,为中度神经功能缺损程度.结论为缺血2 h为最适合的造局灶性缺血/再灌注模型的缺血时间,可以为评定后续实验中药物药效指标和选择缺血时间窗提供重要参考.     

不同缺血时间对脑缺血/再灌注损伤大鼠神经行为学的影响

为探讨不同缺血时间对脑缺血/再灌注损伤大鼠神经行为学的影响,利用线栓法复制脑缺血/再灌注损伤模型,考察缺血1 h、2 h和4 h后再灌注1 d、4 d、7 d和14 d的不同时间点时大鼠神经功能缺损评分,TTC染色测梗死面积.结果显示缺血2 h组存活率较高,为中度神经功能缺损程度.结论为缺血2 h为最适合的造局灶性缺血/再灌注模型的缺血时间,可以为评定后续实验中药物药效指标和选择缺血时间窗提供重要参考.     

大鼠脑损伤海马神经干细胞bFGF表达及三七总皂苷的作用研究

目的探讨脑损伤对神经干细胞bFGF阳性细胞表达的影响及三七总皂苷的作用。方法通过免疫细胞化学的方法检测脑损伤后以及给予三七总皂苷后新生大鼠海马神经干细胞bFGF阳性细胞的表达。结果三七总皂苷可促进缺血再灌注组的bFGF阳性细胞的数目明显增多。缺血组1h、2h的bFGF阳细胞计数均多于正常组;模型组6h后阳性细胞计数开始低于正常组,具有统计学意义。24h给药组的bFGF阳性细胞的面密度和光密度均高于模型组,有显著性差异伙0.001）,具有统计学意义。结论体外模拟脑缺血在一定时间内能引起海马神经干细胞内的bFGF水平上调,三七总皂苷对bFGF水平的上调具有促进作用。     

大鼠脑损伤海马神经干细胞bFGF表达及三七总皂苷的作用研究

目的 探讨脑损伤对神经干细胞bFGF阳性细胞表达的影响及三七总皂苷的作用.方法 通过免疫细胞化学的方法检测脑损伤后以及给予三七总皂苷后新生大鼠海马神经干细胞bFGF阳性细胞的表达.结果 三七总皂苷可促进缺血再灌注组的bFGF阳性细胞的数目明显增多.缺血组1h、2h的bFGF阳细胞计数均多于正常组;模型组6h后阳性细胞计数开始低于正常组,具有统计学意义.24h给药组的bFGF阳性细胞的面密度和光密度均高于模型组,有显著性差异P＜0.001),具有统计学意义.结论 体外模拟脑缺血在一定时间内能引起海马神经干细胞内的bFIGF水平上调,三七总皂苷对bFCF水平的上调具有促进作用.     

金纳多对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的：探讨金纳多对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护和治疗作用.方法：通过预先对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注模型静脉注射金纳多,测定血浆中肝功能酶学指标（ALT,AST）的水平,流式细胞仪检测肝细胞凋亡情况,对肝细胞进行组织病理损伤评价.结果：治疗组大鼠血浆中AST、ALT的含量在三个时点明显低于各相同时点I/R组（P〈0.05）,治疗组大鼠肝脏细胞凋亡率相对于I/R组明显降低（P〈0.05）,同时病理学观察也提示肝脏缺血再灌注损伤时,治疗组的病理损害要轻于I/R组.结论：金纳多通过减少肝细胞的凋亡,减轻了肝组织的病理损害,降低了肝脏酶学的指标,从而起到了对肝脏的保护作用.     

新生大鼠海马神经干细胞的体外培养及鉴定

的探讨新生大鼠海马神经干细胞（NSC）的体外培养和诱导分化的条件和特点。方法分离出生1d大鼠海马,在表皮生长因子、碱性成纤维生长因子和B27联合作用下使其稳定增殖,用5-溴脱氧尿苷（BMU）标记处于增殖状态的神经干细胞,应用免疫荧光染色方法行巢蛋白（Nestin）、5-溴脱氧尿苷（BrdU）、β-Ⅲ型微管蛋白（Tuj-1）、波形蛋白（Vimenfin）和Galc-C免疫荧光染色,对NSC的增殖及其分化的细胞进行鉴定。结果体外培养的NSC增殖成神经干细胞球并传代,鉴定为Nestin染色阳性细胞和5-溴脱氧尿苷（BrdU）标记染色阳性细胞,并可诱导分化为神经元细胞（Tuj-1染色阳性细胞）、神经胶质细胞（Vimentin染色阳性细胞）和少突胶质细胞（GMc-C染色阳性细胞）。结论采用无血清培养基中加入特定生长因子的培养技术,可培养出在体外稳定增殖并有多向分化潜能的新生大鼠海马神经干细胞。     

新生大鼠海马神经干细胞的体外培养及鉴定

目的 探讨新生大鼠海马神经干细胞(NSC)的体外培养和诱导分化的条件和特点.方法 分离出生1d大鼠海马,在表皮生长因子、碱性成纤维生长因子和B27,联合作用下使其稳定增殖,用5-溴脱氧尿苷(BrdU)标记处于增殖状态的神经干细胞,应用免疫荧光染色方法 行巢蛋白(Nestin)、5-溴脱氧尿苷(BrdU)、β-Ⅲ型微管蛋白(Tuj-1)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)和Galc-C免疫荧光染色,对NSC的增殖及其分化的细胞进行鉴定.结果 体外培养的NSC增殖成神经干细胞球并传代.鉴定为Nestin染色阳性细胞和5-溴脱氧尿苷(BrdU)标记染色阳性细胞,并可诱导分化为神经元细胞(Tuj-1染色阳性细胞)、神经胶质细胞(Vimentin染色阳性细胞)和少突胶质细胞(Calc-C染色阳性细胞).结论 采用无血清培养基中加入特定生长因子的培养技术,可培养出在体外稳定增殖并有多向分化潜能的新生大鼠海马神经干细胞.     

肠缺血再灌注损伤的防治研究进展

本文概述了肠缺血再灌注损伤的可能机理及其预防和治疗措施．     

预处理对大鼠急性肝缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨预处理对缺血再灌注损伤肝的保护机制.方法将Wister大鼠随机分为3组,即对照组、缺血再灌注组和预处理组,复制肝缺血再灌注损伤的动物模型,预处理组反复3次缺血5 min再灌注5 min后再缺血45min,再灌注2 h,对大鼠血浆中一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)进行检测,同时观察对肝细胞形态学改变的影响.结果预处理组血浆中NO水平明显高于缺血再灌注组,但低于正常对照组,P＜0 05,SOD水平亦高于缺血再灌注组,而MDA水平显著低于缺血再灌注组,P＜0.05.结论预处理可通过提高体内NO和SOD水平降低体内自由基的产生而减轻肝损伤.     

三七总皂苷对新生大鼠海马神经干细胞活性影响及促分化作用

目的研究三七总皂苷对海马神经干细胞活性的影响和分化作用。方法体外培养海马神经干细胞,分别接种于96孔板和12孔板,96孔板细胞按三七总皂苷不同浓度梯度和同一浓度的不同时间点进行干预,应用MTT法检测海马神经干细胞的OD值,观察三七总皂苷对海马神经干细胞活性的影响;12细胞孔板分为对照组和给药组,应用免疫荧光染色方法检测神经元新生特异抗原（Tuj-1）和胶质细胞新生抗原（Vimentin）的表达,以观察三七总皂苷对海马神经干细胞分化的影响。结果（1）一定浓度范围内三七总皂苷能增强海马神经干细胞活性;（2）三七总皂苷能促进海马神经干细胞向神经元和胶质细胞方向分化。结论三七总皂苷能增强海马神经干细胞的活性并能促进海马神经干细胞分化。     

Inducing dopaminergic differentiation of expanded rat mesencephalic neural stem cells by ascorbic acid in vitro

Ascorbic acid (AA) induced differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons is reported.NSCs derived from rat mesencephalon were maintained and expanded in a defined medium containing mitogens of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF).Compared with the control, ascorbic acid treatment led to more DAergic neuronal differentiation as indicated by the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT), which are specific markers of dopamine neurons.AA induction also enhanced expression of Nurr1 and Shh.PD98059, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway, could block AA-induced Nurr1, TH and DAT mRNA expression.The results might suggest a new strategy to provide enough dopaminergic cells for the therapy of Parkinson's disease (PD), and Nurr1 and ERK signaling pathway might participate in the AA-induced DAergic differentiation.     

胶原-壳聚糖复合支架体外三维培养神经干细胞

采用冷冻干燥法制备了胶原-壳聚糖复合支架并通过层粘连蛋白（LN）进行结构修饰,测定其物理性能特征,建立了胎鼠海马神经干细胞（NSCs）的三维培养体系,同时考察了NSCs与胶原-壳聚糖复合支架的生物相容性．孔径、孔隙率、吸水率、降解率等参数的比较表明,体积比为7：3的复合支架更适合于体外细胞培养的要求,并且NSCs在经LN修饰后支架材料上的接种率得到明显提高;激光共聚焦显微镜及扫描电镜观察表明,NSCs能够在胶原-壳聚糖复合支架内良好地生长、增殖及分化．这些结果为NSCs的进一步临床移植应用,以及治疗神经系统疾病的新药筛选和机理研究等奠定了坚实的实验基础．     

The development of neural stem cells.

The discovery of stem cells that can generate neural tissue has raised new possibilities for repairing the nervous system. A rush of papers proclaiming adult stem cell plasticity has fostered the notion that there is essentially one stem cell type that, with the right impetus, can create whatever progeny our heart, liver or other vital organ desires. But studies aimed at understanding the role of stem cells during development have led to a different view - that stem cells are restricted regionally and temporally, and thus not all stem cells are equivalent. Can these views be reconciled?     

Mouse neural stem cells culturedin vitro and expressing an exogenous gene

Neural stem cells are the multipotential, self-renewing cells in central nerve system, and play an essential role in the development and differentiation of nerve system. Neural stem cells can be used to treat the nerve system diseases, especially, the transplantation of neural stem cells to rescue the degenerated neural cells has become a very promising therapeutic way. We successfully cultured neural stem cells isolated from the brains of embryonic micein vitro and determined their distribution in the E17 mice brains. The neural stem cells were transfected with adenoviral vector carrying GFP (green fluorescence protein) gene and then highly expressed the exogenous gene. It paves the way for gene therapy of degenerative nerve system diseases.     

A role for adult TLX-positive neural stem cells in learning and behaviour

Neurogenesis persists in the adult brain and can be regulated by a plethora of external stimuli, such as learning, memory, exercise, environment and stress. Although newly generated neurons are able to migrate and preferentially incorporate into the neural network, how these cells are molecularly regulated and whether they are required for any normal brain function are unresolved questions. The adult neural stem cell pool is composed of orphan nuclear receptor TLX-positive cells. Here, using genetic approaches in mice, we demonstrate that TLX (also called NR2E1) regulates adult neural stem cell proliferation in a cell-autonomous manner by controlling a defined genetic network implicated in cell proliferation and growth. Consequently, specific removal of TLX from the adult mouse brain through inducible recombination results in a significant reduction of stem cell proliferation and a marked decrement in spatial learning. In contrast, the resulting suppression of adult neurogenesis does not affect contextual fear conditioning, locomotion or diurnal rhythmic activities, indicating a more selective contribution of newly generated neurons to specific cognitive functions.     

Induction of embryonic stem cells to hematopoietic cells in vitro

In order to get hematopoietic cells from embryonic stem (ES) cells and to study development mechanisms of hematopoietic cells, the method of inducing embryonic stem cells to hematopoietic cells was explored by differenciating mouse ES cells and human embryonic cells in three stages. The differentiated cells were identified by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and Wright's staining. The results showed that embryoid bodies (EBs) could form when ES cells were cultured in the medium with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). However, cytokines, such as stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), erythropoietin (EPO) and granular colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), were not helpful for forming EBs. SCF, TPO and embryonic cell conditional medium were useful for the differentiation of mouse EBs to hematopoietic progenitors. Eighty-six percent of these cells were CD34+ after 6-d culture. Hematopoietic progenitors differentiated to B lymphocytes when they were cocultured with primary bone marrow stroma cells in the DMEM medium with SCF and IL-6. 14 d later, most of the cells were CD34-CD38+. Wright's staining and immunohistochemistry showed that 80% of these cells were plasma-like morphologically and immunoglubolin positive. The study of hematopoietic cells from human embryonic cells showed that human embryonic cell differentiation was very similar to that of mouse ES cells. They could form EBs in the first stage and the CD34 positive cells account for about 48.5% in the second stage.