Impaired amylase release from the parotid gland of rats treated with reserpine

Summary Using an automated system for the analysis of amylase, the release of this enzyme was compared in superfused parotid gland segments from control and reserpine treated rats. Stimulant-evoked amylase release was delayed and of smaller magnitude in the glands of the treated animals and a reduction of the transmembrane K⁺ gradient caused a smaller and short lasting reduction in Ach-evoked release of amylase in the glands from these animals.This work was supported by grants from the Cystic Fibrosis Research Trust (U.K.), Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (USA) and University of Missouri.     

Effects of various hormones and adrenalectomy on the levels of amylase in rat pancreas and parotid gland.

Dexamethasone, adrenocorticotropic hormone and thyroxine increased the amylase activities in both the pancreas and the parotid gland of infant rats. After adrenalectomy, the amylase activities of the pancreas and parotid gland were about half the control levels, suggesting that both glucocorticoid and thyroxine are involved in maintaining the amylase activities in these organs.     

Degeneration secretion from the parotid gland of the dog

Zusammenfassung In der Parotisdrüse von Hunden erscheint eine kurz anhaltende sogenannte Degenerations-sekretion 2–4 Tage nach postganglionär-parasympatischer Denervierung.     

Effects of various hormones and adrenalectomy on the levels of amylase in rat pancreas and parotid gland

Summary Dexamethasone, adrenocorticotropic hormone and thyroxine increased the amylase activities in both the pancreas and the parotid gland of infant rats. After adrenalectomy, the amylase activities of the pancreas and parotid gland were about half the control levels, suggesting that both glucocorticoid and thyroxine are involved in maintaining the amylase activities in these organs.Acknowledgments. This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Cancer Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and culture, Japan, and the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan.     

Amylase released from the parotid gland by pilocarpine elevates the enzyme activity in the submandibular and sublingual glands of rats

Summary Stimulation by pilocarpine led to a marked increase in amylase activity in the submadibular and sublingual glands and serum, and resulted in a considerable depletion of the enzyme in the parotid gland and pancreas of rats. Parotidectomy reduced these pilocarpine effects. It is conluded that amylaser released by pilocarpine from the parotid gland but not from the pancreas elevated the nzyme activity in the submandibular and sublingual glands.     

Amylase released from the parotid gland by pilocarpine elevates the enzyme activity in the submandibular and sublingual glands of rats

Stimulation by pilocarpine led to a marked increase in amylase activity in the submandibular and sublingual glands and serum, and resulted in a considerable depletion of the enzyme in the parotid gland and pancreas of rats. Parotidectomy reduced these pilocarpine effects. It is concluded that amylase released by pilocarpine from the parotid gland but not from the pancreas elevated the enzyme activity in the submandibular and sublingual glands.     

Immunohistochemical demonstration of the loss of immunoreactive amylase from neoplastic human salivary gland

Summary Antihuman parotid amylase antibodies raised in rabbits and horses were used as the primary antibodies in both the peroxidase-antiperoxidase and sandwich techniques for the localization of human amylase. Immunoreactive enzyme was demonstrated in the normal acinar cells of salivary glands and pancreas. Malignant transformation, which has occasionally resulted in ectopic production of amylase by various tissues, actually caused a loss of amylase synthesis by the transformed acinar cells of salivary glands and did not result in elaboration of amylase by transformed ductal cells.Acknowledgment. This is publication No. 80-27 and was supported in part by National Institutes of Health research grant GM-19178.     

Impaired insulin release in aging rats: Metabolic and ionic events

We investigated the effect of aging on glucose uptake, glucose-induced O₂ consumption, glucose-induced⁴⁵Ca movements, and calmodulin content to elucidate age-related impairment of glucose-induced insulin release in pancreatic islets of Wistar rats. Intact pancreatic islets from old (24-month-old) rats showed impaired glucose-induced insulin release; glucose uptake and O₂ consumption were lower in old than in young (2-month-old) or adult (12-month-old) rats. Moreover,⁴⁵Ca uptake and calmodulin content were decreased in pancreatic islets from older rats, which explained the impairment in glucose-induced insulin release in aging. No major differences between the 3 age groups in glucose-induced⁴⁵Ca efflux in pancreatic islets were observed.     

On the adrenergic innervation of the rat parotid gland

Summary In parotid glands of rats, some adrenergic nerves persisted after avulsion of the superior cervical ganglion, while in submaxillary glands, the adrenergic nerves disappeared completely.This work was supported by grants from the Faculty of Medicine in Lund to J. E.     

Blood flow through the parotid gland of the cat

Zusammenfassung Eine Vasodilatation erscheint in der Parotisdrüse der Katze gleichzeitig mit sekretorischer Aktivität (Degenerationssekretion oder Sekretion, hervorgerufen durch Stimulierung der Jacobsonschen Anastomose). Atropin blockiert die Vasodilatation im ersten, nicht aber im zweiten Falle. Das Resultat weist auf spezifische Vasodilatatoren hin.     

Peptide-stimulated release of prolactin from the fowl anterior pituitary gland

Summary Anterior pituitary glands from broiler fowl were preincubated for 24 h in either medium 199 only or medium containing estradiol 17, following which they were incubated in medium containing thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) or substance P (SP), alone or with the dopamine agonist, apomorphine. Estradiol priming stimulated release of prolactin and enhanced apomorphine-inhibition of prolactin release. TRH stimulated prolactin release, an effect reversed by apomorphine, and priming with estradiol potentiated both effects. VIP stimulated prolactin to a lesser degree and again this was inhibited by apomorphine and potentiated by estradiol. SP had little effect on the nonsteroid-primed pituitary, but stimulated release of prolactin after estradiol treatment, though less effectively than TRH or VIP.     

Calcium dependent corticosteroid release from the perfused cat adrenal gland

Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, dass die Freisetzung von ACTH in der durchströmten Katzennebenniere nur bei Anwesenheit von Kalzium erfolgt. Strontium, nicht aber Magnesium kann Kalzium freisetzen, während Magnesium (15 mM die Freisetzung von ACTH in Gegenwart von Kalzium hemmt. Ein Vergleich zwischen Brenzkatechinamin und Kortikosteronfreisetzung wird diskutiert.     

Uncharted secretory nerves in the parotid gland of the dog

Zusammenfassung Es wird in Versuchen an Hunden gezeigt, dass man nach Durchschneidung und Degeneration des Nervus auriculotemporalis reflektorisch eine beachtliche Parotissekretion auslösen kann. Histochemisch konnten zudem viele acetylcholinesterasepositive Nerven nachgewiesen werden.

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Supported by grant No. K67-14X-539-03 from the Swedish Medical Research Council.     

Hydrolysis of amino acid β-naphthylamides by aminopeptidases in the parotid gland

Zusammenfassung Die Aktivität der Aminopeptidasen in Ohrspeicheldrüsen wurde gemessen. Glycyl-Prolin-naphthylamid, Alanin-naphthylamid, Leucin-naphthylamid, Methionin-naphthylamid, und Arginin-naphthylamid wurden von der Mikrosomenfraktion und der löslichen Fraktion schnell gespalten. Das Glycyl-Prolin-naphthylamid spaltende Enzym war in Ohrspeicheldrüsen in relativ grösserer Menge vorhanden. Die Aufspaltung von Glycyl-Prolin-naphthylamid in Glycyl-Prolin und-Naphthylamin wurde papierchromatographisch nachgewiesen.