Swelling Behaviors of Polyaniline-Poly（Acrylic Acid） Hydrogels

Using poly（acrylic acid） （PAA） aqueous solution, NaOH aqueous solution, aniline （An） and ammonium persulfate （APS）, PAn-PAA hydrogels with a semi-interpenetrating structure connected by physical interlocks, chemical ion bonds and hydrogen bonds were prepared. The swelling properties of the hydrogels in solutions of different pH values （adjusted by adding NaOH or HCI） were studied. All the hydrogels prepared have similar swelling curves （the curves of equilibrium swelling ratio vs. pH value） and reach their maximum swelling at pH of 8 - 10. The maximum swelling ratio of the hydrogels is dependent on composition, including molecular weight of PAA, polymer content of the hydrogel, and molar ratios of AA to An, APS to An, and NaOH to AA, And the compositional dependence of the swelling capacity of PAn-PAA hydrogels was also studied.     

The Chain Structure of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyacrylonitrile

The chemical composition, molecular weight and its distribution, the bonding structure and the regulation of ultrahigh molecular weight polyacrylonitrile （UHMW-PAN） prepared by aqueous suspension polymerization were determined by FIIR, viscometry, GPC, ^3H-NMR and ^13CNMR. The mechanical properties of the porous hollow fiber prepared by UHMW-PAN were discussed to provide a theoretical basis for the preparation of ideal precursors of the porous hollow oxidation fiber.     

Differential gene expression profiling in the developed ovaries between the parthenogenetic and bisexual female rice water weevils,Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel （Coleoptera： Curculionidae）

The rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel （Coleoptera： Curculionidae）, reproduces by sex in the Southeastern United States, but reproduces by parthenogenesis in California and other invaded regions in Asia and Europe. The objective of this study was to create a parthenogenetic gene expression profile of the rice water weevil in order to gain a better insight into the molecular mechanisms of parthenogenesis in the weevil. Suppression subtractive hybridization （SSH） technique was employed for profiling differential gene expression in the developed ovary between the parthenogenetic and bisexual female rice water weevils. A total of 70 contigs were obtained, and the BLASTX search identified putatively 28 genes with differential functions. According to the cytological process of parthenogenesis, the tubulin alpha-1 chain and signal transduction genes etc. were selected for real time quantitative RT-PCR analyses, and their possible functions related to the molecular mechanism of parthenogenesis were discussed. The tubulin alpha-1 chain and some signal transduction genes may be related to the molecular mechanisms of parthenogenesis of the rice water weevil.     

Single-componentchemicallyamplifiedi-linemolecularglassphotoresistbased on calix[4]resorcinarenes

Calix[4]resorcinarene, prepared by the acid- catalyzed condensation of resorcinol and paraldehyde, was used as the core of the molecular glass compound. The hydroxyl groups of calix[4]resorcinarene were partly pro- tected by tert-butoxycarbonyl （t-BOC） and then esterified with 2-diazo-l-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonyl chloride （2,1,4- DNQ-C1）. Upon irradiation to 365 nm light, the 2,1,4-DNQ groups undergo photolysis to generate a small quantity of sulfonic acid other than indene carboxylic acid. The gen- erated sulfonic acid can further catalyze the deprotection of the t-BOC group. So, a new type of single-component chemically amplified i-line positive photoresist can be formed by the molecular glass compounds. The litho- graphic performance of the resist was evaluated with high resolution and photosensitivity with an i-line stepper.     

New crystal structure of molecular complex 1-piperidine carboxylate-piperidinium-H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O studied by X-ray single crystal diffraction

Piperidine absorbs CO2 and H2O in air to form a molecular complex： piperidium-l-piperidinecarboxylate-H2O. The structure of the complex was characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure was determined to be triclinic, space group P1^-with a=0.648 6（8） nm, b=0.809 200） nm, c= 1.357 1（16） nm, a=96.96706）°, β =102.506（15）°,γ=104.202 05）°, Z=2. The complex is stabilized via five hydrogen bonds between the three components, N-O electrostatic interaction and O-O interaction （electron transfer） betweenl-piperidinecarboxylate and H2O. Due to electron transference of carbamate ion, the oxygen atom in water molecule is strongly negatively charged and the O-H bond is considerably shorter than that of the free molecule of water. The formation of the molecular complex is a reversible process and will decompose upon heating. The mechanism of formation and stabilization is further investigated herein.     

The effect of α-helix comformation on interaction between model oligopeptides and polymers

The study of interactions between peptides and synthetic polymers has aroused considerable interest recently. In the present paper, the interaction mechanism between adsorbent DMAPAM and two peptides, VVRGCTWW（V8） and CTWW（C4）, was investigated at molecular level by NMR and molecular stimulation. The results demonstrated that the conformation of oligopeptides played a vital role in their adsorption capacity on the adsorbent. Weak interactions could incorporate with each other between V8 and DMAPAM because there was a hydrophobic cleavage in o-helix conformation of V8. So the ad- sorption capacity of DMAPAM to V8 was higher. This was significant to explore the interaction mechanism between peptides and biomaterials.     

Measurement of the Average Molecular Weight of Cotton Cellulose Crosslinked by a Polycarboxylic Acid at Different pH Using Multiple Angle Light Scattering Photometer in a DMAc/LiCl Solvent System

Durable press finishing of cotton fabrics with polycarboxylic acid increases fabric wrinkle-resistance at the expense of its mechanical strength. Severe tensile strength loss is the major disadvantage for wrinkle resistant cotton fabrics. Tensile strength loss of cotton fabric crosslinked by a polycarboxylic acid can be attributed to depolymerization and crosslink of cellulose molecules. Measurement of the molecular weight of cotton fabric before and after crosslinked by polycarboxylic acids can offer a possibility of direct understanding of the depolymerization. In this research, a multiple angle laser light scattering photometer was used to determine the absolute molecular weight of cotton fabric treated with BTCA at different pH and then hydrolyzed with 0.5 M NaOH solution at 50℃ for 144 h. The results indicate that average molecular weights of cotton fabric treated with polycarboxylic acids at different pH are almost the same.     

DSC Study of Thermal Properties of Biodegradable Poly （Butylene Succinate-co-terephthalate）

Poly （ butylene succinate ） （ PBS ）, poly （ butylene terephthalate） （PBT） and poly （butylene succirmte-coterephthalate） （PBST）s were synthesized from dimethyl succinate and/or dimethyl terephthalate reacting with 1,4- butanediol through a process of transesterification/ polycondmsation in the presence of a high effective catalyst and characterized by means of GPC and DSC. The investigation was mainly focused on the influence of content of terephthalate units on the molecular weight and thermal properties of resulting polymers. It is revealed that the melting temperature and crystallinity of synthesized polymers decrease first with the increase of terephthalate units, then shift to rise gradually by DSC measurements. The results of Flory equation suggest sequence structure of PBSTs is random.     

Sorption Behaviour of Acid Dyes by Soybean Protein/Poly （vinyl alcohol） Blend Fibre

The sorption behaviour of acid dyes by soybean protein/poly（vinyl alcohol） blend fibre was studied. The quantity of dye sorbed by the fibre increased markedly with the decrease in the pH of dyebath and reduced with the addition of neutral electrolyte when the pH was below 4.5, Acid dyes exhibited higher sorption rate constant and lower half dyeing time for the fibre than for spun silk and wool, which was related to the special morphological structure of the fibre, At pH 4, the sorption of disulphonated acid dyes with higher molecular weight followed the dual sorption mechanism of Langmuir plus Nernst-type partitioning well as they interacted with the fibre through electrostatic forces, hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bonds. It is considered that soybean protein and PVA components should be simultaneously dyed by disulphonated acid dyes with higher molecular weight.     

Combining docking and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis （COMSIA） to predict estrogen activity and probe molecular mechanisms of estrogen activity for estrogen compounds

Estrogen compounds are suspected of disrupting endocrine functions by mimicking natural hormones, and such compounds may pose a serious threat to the health of humans and wildlife. Close attention has been paid to the prediction and molecular mechanisms of estrogen activity for estrogen com- pounds. In this article, estrogen receptor a subtype （ERa） -based comparative molecular similarity indices analysis （COMSIA） was performed on 44 estrogen compounds with structural diversity to find out the structural relationship with the activity and to predict the activity. The model with the significant correlation and the best predictive power （R^2= 0.965, Q^2 LOO： 0.599, R^2 pred ： 0.825） was achieved. The COMSIA and docking results revealed the structural features for estrogen activity and key amino acid residues in binding pocket, and provided an insight into the interaction between the ligands and these amino acid residues.     

细乳液原位聚合法制备聚苯乙烯非共价修饰的碳纳米管

用细乳液原位聚合方法合成了聚苯乙烯/碳纳米管复合乳液,在用于聚合的单体中加入5%的交联剂二乙烯苯,使得部分聚苯乙烯通过交联缠绕固定在碳纳米管表面.乳液中碳纳米管表面负载有聚苯乙烯纳米微球或纳米薄膜.破乳后得到的复合材料在除去游离态的聚苯乙烯后,仍有部分聚合物因交联缠绕作用而存在于碳纳米管表面,使碳纳米管可均匀地分散于甲苯溶剂中.该方法解决了非共价修饰中聚合物和碳纳米管之间的结合力问题.     

多壁碳纳米管吸附去除水中1,2,3 - 三氯苯

采用3种不同直径的多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)对1,2,3 - 三氯苯(TCB)进行吸附实验.结果表明,随MWNTs直径减小,1,2,3 - 三氯苯吸附量增加.实验中发现MWNT(L-8)对TCB的吸附仅需150 min就能基本达到平衡,且最大吸附量达77.5 mg/g;其吸附动力学和热力学过程可分别用假二级反应动力学模型和Freundlich吸附等温线模型来描述.在278 K±1 K,288 K±1 K和298 K±1 K下进行的MWNT(L-8)吸附热力学实验所得到的如平衡常数(K~0)、吉布斯自由能(ΔG~0)、标准焓变(ΔH~0)、熵变(ΔS~0)等热力学参数表明,MWNTs吸附TCB过程为自发吸热反应.当pH值在2～11之间变化时,吸附量基本不变,表明H键对MWNTs吸附TCB过程无显著影响,MWNTs对TCB的强吸附作用可能是MWNTs表面存在的π电子与TCB苯环中的π电子形成π电子对的作用结果.     

聚亚甲基蓝碳纳米管修饰电极测定肝素钠

利用循环伏安法和微分脉冲伏安法建立了聚亚甲基蓝-碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极测定肝素钠的电化学分析方法。在pH 4.5的B-R缓冲溶液中,聚亚甲基蓝与肝素钠通过静电作用形成复合物,导致聚亚甲基蓝的峰电流值降低。聚亚甲基蓝峰电流的降低值△Ip与肝素钠的浓度在0.33～17.13μg/mL范围内呈线性关系,线性方程为△Ip(μA)=1.6c+11.2(μg/mL),相关系数为0.994 6,检出限为0.09μg/mL。对5.74μg/mL肝素钠11次平行测定,相对标准偏差RSD为0.40%。     

7tBA／PtBA133-b—PS20／MWNT纳米复合材料的合成及性能

通过原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）方法，制备了一组不同Ps嵌段长度的聚丙烯酸叔丁酯-b-聚苯乙烯（PtBA113-b—PSn）两亲性嵌段聚合物，研究发现，Ps嵌段聚合度较小的PtBAl33-b—PS。嵌段聚合物可以在乙醇中有效地分散多壁碳纳米管（MWNT）．以此嵌段聚合物作为分散剂首先在乙醇中分散MWNT，得到不同MWNT含量的均相溶液，然后与特定分子量的PtBA均聚物进行溶液共混，制备了一组不同MWNT含量的PtBA／MWNT纳米复合材料．透射电镜（TEM）观察表明嵌段聚合物分散的MWNT在乙醇溶液中几乎呈单根分散状态．利用偏光显微镜（PLM）对不同MWNT含量的复合材料中MWNT的分散状态进行观察表明，MWNT在PtBA基体中分散均匀，相容性良好，没有明显的团聚现象发生．用动态热机械分析（DMTA）对所得材料的力学性能和热性能进行了表征，结果表明，随着复合材料中MWNT含量的增加，材料的弹性模量逐渐增大，同时玻璃化转变温度也有显著提高．     

多壁碳纳米管修饰电极对抗坏血酸的电催化作用

对抗坏血酸在多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为的研究表明,与裸玻碳电极相比,抗坏血酸在多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上具有更高的氧化峰电流和更低的氧化电位。实验优化了支持电解质、pH值、扫描速度等测定条件,此法测定抗坏血酸的线性范围为(1.0×10-5~5.0×10-4)mol.L-1,检测下限为8.0×10-7mol.L-1。此修饰电极制作简便,重现性和稳定性较好。     

碳纳米管对扭曲向列相液晶显示模式电-光性能的影响

选用单壁及多壁碳纳米管掺杂在液晶中制备了扭曲向列相液晶显示模式液晶盒,采用液晶综合参数测试仪研究了单壁及多壁碳纳米管对扭曲向列相液晶显示模式液晶盒的驱动电压、对比度及响应时间的影响. 结果表明:单壁及多壁碳纳米管的加入均能显著降低扭曲向列相液晶显示模式液晶盒的驱动电压,但对比度也有较大幅度的降低. 掺杂单壁碳纳米管的液晶盒的开态及关态响应时间均有一定程度的增加,而掺杂多壁碳纳米管的液晶盒关态响应时间基本上有所降低,开态响应时间没有明显的变化规律.     

双酚A在多壁碳纳米修饰电极上电化学性质及其测定研究

 制备出1种多壁碳纳米管化学修饰电极,详细研究了双酚A(SPA)在多壁碳纳米管化学修饰上的电化学行为,并提出了一种灵敏的、简便的直接检测双酚A的电化学分析方法.在0.30V富集后,双酚A在多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳(MWNT-GCE)电极上出现一个灵敏度高、峰形好的氧化峰.在pH7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中峰电位位于0.58V.多壁碳纳米管薄膜对双酚A的氧化表现出一定的催化作用,能显著提高双酚A的氧化峰电流.优化了测定参数如:底液的pH,修饰剂的用量、扫描速度,富集时间等.双酚A的氧化峰电流与其浓度在5.0×10^-8～2.0×10^-5mol·L^-1之间有很好的线性关系.富集3min后的检出限为2.0×10^-8mol·L^-1.用此方法测定了塑料中双酚A的含量,结果满意.     

纳米碳管/水泥基复合材料的阻尼及力学性能

以水泥为基体、多壁纳米碳管为增强组分,采用表面活性剂超声分散法,浇注成型制备了5组多壁纳米碳管/水泥阻尼自增强复合材料(FRCs)。在一弹性自由支撑体系中采用锤击自由衰减法初步探讨了FRCs的阻尼性能,随后采用三点弯曲法测试了FRCs的抗弯折强度,并对其阻尼及力学增强的微观机理进行了探讨。结果表明：相比于参比试件,掺有纳米碳管的FRCs试件的阻尼比及抗弯折强度均得到一定的提高,增幅分别达24.5%、35.98%。FRCs表现出较好的耗能及增韧能力主要归因于硅灰的微填充与界面效应和多壁纳米碳管的微纳米填充桥联、相互界面层间内摩擦及弹塑性波动效应。     

PMMA/MWNT纳米复合材料原位合成及性能

利用相转移反应在羧基化碳纳米管的表面引入具有反应活性的苯乙烯双键,利用双键的反应性,与MMA单体进行自由基原位聚合反应,得到PMMA修饰的碳纳米管.这种聚合物修饰的碳纳米管可以在对PMMA有溶解效力的有机溶剂中溶解,利用FTIR,TGA,TEM等对这种聚合物修饰的碳纳米管的结构、修饰效率以及在有机溶剂中的溶解和分散性能进行了表征.结果表明,通过这种方法可以实现高分子链对碳纳米管表面有效修饰.利用这种原位聚合反应,不进行均聚物的分离可以一步得到聚合物基纳米复合材料.作为比较,相同量未经任何修饰的碳纳米管用相同的方法,在相同条件下也制备了PMMA纳米复合材料,并将两个样品中碳纳米管的分散状态用扫描电镜(SEM)进行了观察,同时对其力学性能与相同条件下得到的PMMA均聚物进行了比较.     

多壁碳纳米管修饰碳糊电极测定盐酸克伦特罗

研究了盐酸克伦特罗（CLB）在多壁碳纳米管修饰碳糊电极上的电化学行为。结果发现,与裸碳糊电极相比,CLB在修饰电极上的电流响应明显增大,同时峰、峰电位差减小,测定灵敏度大为提高。在最佳实验条件下,该修饰电极测定CLB的线性范围为2.0×10-9-1.0×10-5mol.L-1,线性相关系数为0.9987（n=18）,检出限为7.0×10-10mol.L-1（3Sb）。对5.0×10-7mol.L-1的CLB平行测定10次的相对标准偏差为3.6%。此方法已用于模拟尿样及模拟兔血清中CLB含量的测定,加标回收率分别为100.8%与98.6%。