直地经猕猴桃皮渣中提取果胶的研究

采用盐析法从鲜猕猴桃皮渣中提取食用果胶，并对其制取工艺条件进行了研究，结果表明：当萃取液的ＰＨ值为２，温度９０℃，萃取时间为７０ｍｉｎ，并用硫酸铝作沉淀剂时，果胶得率达４％。与酒精法相比，与酒精法上比，直地取果胶具有成本低，得率高等特点。     

醇析分级和酶法去蛋白对甜菜膳食纤维性质的影响

为揭示提取纯化方法对甜菜膳食纤维性质的影响,促进废粕高值化,探讨了废粕原料及预处理方法对果胶品质的影响,以HPLC和哈克流变仪分析了酸溶醇析法分级果胶的理化性质,并用扫描电镜研究了酶法去蛋白对不溶性膳食纤维(IDF)形貌结构的影响.结果表明:3种废粕提取果胶不需稀酸或温水预处理;最佳条件下颗粒粕提取的果胶的得率和纯度之积最大;酸溶醇析法分级果胶含悬浮层和沉淀层,悬浮层果胶密度小、色泽浅、黏度高、大分子果胶比例大;提取果胶后压粕孔状骨架结构更光洁,孔内填充颗粒物消失,再经去蛋白处理后孔隙变大,IDF出现层状骨架结构.     

盐析法从鲜西瓜皮中提取果胶的工艺

通过正交实验，对用盐析法从鲜西瓜皮中提取果胶的工艺条件进行了研究。     

用盐析法从苹果皮中提取果胶

在加热条件下，于酸性溶液中浸提干、鲜苹果皮，通过ｐＨ值调整，用盐析法制得果胶，产品得率２％，颜色灰白，符合食品卫生要求。     

从菜西瓜中提取果胶的最佳工艺研究

为确定从菜西瓜中提取果胶的最佳工艺条件 ,以山西省临汾市菜西瓜为材料 ,采用酸法进行了提取果胶的试验研究。正交试验结果表明 :在萃取时间为 4 5min的前提下 ,从瓜瓤中提取果胶最佳工艺条件为加水量为原料重量的 4倍 ,85℃下 ,添加原料重量 0 3%的多聚磷酸钠 ,果胶得率可达 2 0 3% ;从外果皮中提取果胶 ,加水量为原料重量的 4倍 ,75℃下 ,添加原料重量 0 7%的多聚磷酸钠 ,果胶得率可达 2 98%。     

柑桔皮中果胶多糖的提取和化学成分的研究

用改良的盐析法柑桔皮中提取果胶多糖，经ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素柱层析后分离出４种不同组分的果胶多糖。多糖经酸醇解后，分别用气相色谱和薄层层析分析其单糖组成成分。实验表明，４种不同组分果胶多糖其单糖的含量都不相同，其中半乳糖醛酸变化范围为８１．８５％－６７．４５％〈变动值较小。     

豆腐柴叶果胶提取工艺优化

研究不同提取方法、影响因素和提取工艺参数对豆腐柴叶果胶品质的影响,建立模型并进行优化,以期得到品质好的果胶提取方法及工艺参数。采用5种不同方法提取豆腐柴叶果胶,通过综合比较果胶得率、半乳糖醛酸含量和酯化度确定最适提取方法;利用Plackett-Burman试验对超声微波串联提取果胶工艺中的超声时间、超声功率、超声温度、料液比、微波时间和微波温度6个影响因素进行关键因素筛选,采用Box-Behnken响应面试验对提取工艺参数进行优化,得出最佳参数并加以验证。结果表明豆腐柴叶果胶最适提取方法为超声微波串联辅助盐酸法;影响超声微波串联辅助盐酸法提取豆腐柴叶果胶的关键因素为微波时间、超声温度和微波温度;建立的豆腐柴叶果胶提取工艺参数与果胶得率、半乳糖醛酸含量和酯化度的回归模型显著（P < 0.05）,最佳提取工艺参数为：料液比1∶20、超声时间10 min、超声温度30℃、超声功率600 W、微波时间30 min、微波温度88℃,该条件下,豆腐柴叶果胶得率为15.68%,半乳糖醛酸含量为83.24%,酯化度为70.25%。研究为提升豆腐柴叶果胶资源的开发利用价值提供了参考依据。     

黑加仑果渣中果胶的盐酸提取及其性质的研究

研究用盐酸提取黑加仑果渣中的果胶,探讨了提取条件对果胶性质的影响,最大得率为1.93%。结果表明,酸、温度、时间具有去酯化作用。所得果胶质量较差,不适合于在生产中应用。     

柑橘皮果胶提取条件优化及其组分益生作用的研究

采用盐酸水解、乙醇沉淀法从柑橘皮中提取果胶.在单因素实验结果基础上,选择浸提pH、浸提温度、浸提时间、浸提固液比为自变量,果胶得率为响应值,采用Box-Behnken响应面分析方法研究各自变量交互作用及其对果胶得率的影响.模拟得到二次多项式回归方程的预测模型,并确定柑橘皮果胶的最佳提取条件为:浸提pH 1.75,浸提温度83℃,浸提时间88min,固液比1∶40,在此条件下,果胶得率达到22.01%.除杂后的果胶经超滤获得分子量不同的4个组分,双歧杆菌体外发酵结果显示,4个果胶组分均有双歧杆菌增殖作用.说明果胶具有潜在益生功能,且果胶组分分子量小,增殖效果更好.     

橙皮果胶制备中提取和除杂的研究

以干橙皮为原料,研究了离子交换树脂法提取果胶的多种影响因素、工艺条件以及除杂问题.结果表明,以离子交换树脂法提取橙皮果胶的最佳条件为水料比为30∶1,0.01×7阳离子交换树脂的用量为5%,在75℃、pH为2.0下处理90 min,其果胶得率高,果胶质量优于酸法提取所得果胶,产品质量指标达到或优于国家标准.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-