地幔柱的发生机制研究——以Ferrar为例

利用三维数值模拟方法,根据地幔对流控制方程,以180 Ma喷发的Ferrar大火成岩省(LIP)为例,在模型中引入Pangea超大陆、大型横波低速带(LLSVPs)和Pangea超大陆边缘的俯冲带,模拟地幔对流过程,研究其对应地幔热柱从地球内部热边界层(例如核幔边界)的生成过程,并讨论导致该地幔柱产生的相关因素.结果表...     

覆盖地球的板块运动会引发巨大地震和火山喷发

大地不是静止不动的,而是在极其缓慢地移动.由于大地的运动,地球会出现地震或火山喷发等活动. 根据成分等,地球的内部结构从外到内依次分为地壳、地幔、地核(外核、内核,右页下图).尽管大部分的地幔和外核因高温而流动,但地幔的最上部和地壳因冷却而变硬.这个坚硬的岩石层(地壳+地幔的最上部)称为"板块".     

核、幔非均匀膨胀过程中的地核超速自转

在引力常数减小、地球膨胀过程中,核、幔是地球密度结构分布明显不同的两个区域,这说明地球密度结构膨胀是非均匀的或地球惯量膨胀是非均匀的,与地球惯量的理想膨胀状态不同步.以地核实际密度作地球半径的推算表明,地球半径从5329 km~6371 km的膨胀过程中,地核半径及惯量在地球半径膨胀前后变化不大,而地幔半径增加很快,质量收缩在地核中,并不随地幔半径的迅速增长而同步增长.由转动能守恒知,核、幔较膨胀前将进入减速运行状态;又由于地核膨胀前后惯量变化不大,因而其自转速度变化不大.这样,相对于地幔自转的减速,此时的地核处于超速自转状态.而核、幔间熔融的非刚性连接界面是核、幔转差存在的基础,也由于地核自转动能在核-幔边界的释放,进一步维系了其界面的熔融状态.同时,地核也通过此界面向地幔释放自转动能以减小核、幔速差,逐步实现核、幔的同步运行.文中对地球密度结构与地球历史演化过程的相关性也作了推论,并对地球物理量计算过程中出现的压强、质量反常段作了分析,探讨了其反常的原因及对地球结构、运行的影响.以核、幔的非均匀膨胀,建立了地核超速自转的形成机制.     

粘滞度可变的地幔蠕动流对地壳施加的应力之数学模型(英文)

利用卫星重力测量所得地球重力扰动位系数来计算地幔流对地壳(或岩石圈)底部所施切向应力,是由英国的S.K.Runcorn最先提出数学模型,并给出了计算公式,国内外沿用至今。该模型及公式中最大的缺点就是把地幔的粘滞系数μ当成常数处理,使得最后导出的切向应力公式与μ无关,这显然与实际情况不符。本文在Runcorn(1965)的基础上,考虑在球坐标系中,μ是径向(随深度)变化的,即μ(r),导出了与μ有关的切向应力公式。     

下扬子区深部热状态与岩石圈厚度

根据下扬子地区区域构造，地温场和大地热流密度的分布特征，结合岩石热性参数测试结果和该区的地表分层模型，确定了地幔热流密度分布特征和壳幔边界温度以及居里等温面的埋藏深度。根据于玄武岩固相线公式，估算了上地幔介质部分熔融开始的深度。     

应用卫星重力数据研究全球岩石层下地幔流应力场

本文应用地球卫星重力测量得到的全部球谐函数(n=2,30),计算出全球地幔流岩石层下应力场.结果表明,它与板块构造边界应力场及其他实测资料(如震源机制解)相符合.从而,本文为研究全球现代构造应力场、为探讨地壳和板块运动规律及其力源,提供了依据.     

济阳坳陷岩石圈热结构的二维模拟

基于济阳坳陷的深反射／折射地震测深资料以及华北地区地温场资料和地震波速度（υp）与放射性生热率（A）的实验关系,建立了二维稳态热传导模型,模拟了济阳坳陷岩石层温度分布．研究表明：壳幔边界温度与地壳厚度密切相关,地壳厚度大的地区壳幔边界温度相对较高,约为600～650℃,地壳厚度小的地区壳幔边界温度相对较低,在510～550℃之间;该地区居里面深度在30km左右,与Moho面的深度近似;计算得到该地区热岩石圈厚度在81-102km之间,其分布形态与莫霍面的分布形态相近．     

利用Runge-Kutta方法求解地幔弹性Love数

在静态球近似的条件下,根据地幔的弹性运动方程,利用ＰＲＥＭ地球模型的物理参数,在一定的边界条件下对地幔弹性运动方程进行数值积分,得出地幔Ｌｏｖｅ数的理论值,其经与观测结果吻合良好。     

基于EGM2008区域似大地水准面精度分析

青海省绝大多数单位采用EGM96模型进行高程拟合,EGM2008全球重力场模型并未被采用。文中利用软件为载体,分别导入EGM96和EGM2008地球重力场模型,计算得到所选点位模型正常高,然后利用正常高和大地高间的关系,得到高程异常,进而求得似大地水准面精度,通过比较,EGM2008地球重力场模型所得区域似大地水准面的精度明显高于EGM96,具有一定的参考价值。     

液核地球CIP轴的极移和岁差章动

基于经典的液核地球自转动力学理论,通过引入章动参考系相对惯性空间的运动,建立了液核地球极移和章动的联合动力学方程,由此对CIP轴进行了理论定义,并给出了其极移、岁差和章动的动力学方程,在顾及到5阶岁差章动力矩的情况下,给出了岁差章动的解析表达式,通过推导发现,即使没有核幔边界的耗散耦合,奇数阶岁差章动力矩也使得黄经章动和交角章动出现了异向项,即黄经章动出现了cos项,交角章动出现了sin项,同时还证明了岁差表达式与地球模型无关,本的理论可为动力大地测量学和天地球动力学的研究提供理论参考和依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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