鸡源大肠杆菌分离鉴定与药敏试验

自成都市某养鸡场发生的疑似大肠杆菌病的病死鸡肝脏中无菌采取10份病料,分离鉴定出5株大肠杆菌,经O血清型鉴定,除一株未定型外,共鉴定出4株大肠杆菌的O血清型,分别是O37两株、O84和O100各一株．用18种抗菌药物进行药敏试验,分离菌株耐药性非常严重,以多重耐药为主,最少的耐药10种,最多的耐药17种,其中,对罗美沙星、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、氨苄西林、阿莫西林、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星和复方新诺明100％耐药（5／5）：对甲氧苄啶、四环素和链霉素80％耐药（4／5）;对新霉素、庆大霉素、头孢氨苄、头孢拉定和头孢唑啉60％耐药（3／5）;对阿米卡星20％．耐药（1／5）．结果提示,同一鸡场的发病鸡群存在着多种血清型,耐药谱复杂,且没有一种抗生素对所分离的菌株全部敏感．     

Synthetic lethal screen identification of chemosensitizer loci in cancer cells

Abundant evidence suggests that a unifying principle governing the molecular pathology of cancer is the co-dependent aberrant regulation of core machinery driving proliferation and suppressing apoptosis. Anomalous proteins engaged in support of this tumorigenic regulatory environment most probably represent optimal intervention targets in a heterogeneous population of cancer cells. The advent of RNA-mediated interference (RNAi)-based functional genomics provides the opportunity to derive unbiased comprehensive collections of validated gene targets supporting critical biological systems outside the framework of preconceived notions of mechanistic relationships. We have combined a high-throughput cell-based one-well/one-gene screening platform with a genome-wide synthetic library of chemically synthesized small interfering RNAs for systematic interrogation of the molecular underpinnings of cancer cell chemoresponsiveness. NCI-H1155, a human non-small-cell lung cancer line, was employed in a paclitaxel-dependent synthetic lethal screen designed to identify gene targets that specifically reduce cell viability in the presence of otherwise sublethal concentrations of paclitaxel. Using a stringent objective statistical algorithm to reduce false discovery rates below 5%, we isolated a panel of 87 genes that represent major focal points of the autonomous response of cancer cells to the abrogation of microtubule dynamics. Here we show that several of these targets sensitize lung cancer cells to paclitaxel concentrations 1,000-fold lower than otherwise required for a significant response, and we identify mechanistic relationships between cancer-associated aberrant gene expression programmes and the basic cellular machinery required for robust mitotic progression.     

肝癌细胞对三氧化二砷诱导凋亡的敏感性与细胞内谷胱甘肽含量的关系

目的:比较肝癌BEL-7402和SMMC-7721细胞对三氧化二砷(As2O3)诱导凋亡的敏感性差异,探讨细胞内谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量与其作用的关系。方法:不同浓度As2O3作用BEL-7402和SMMC-7721细胞24~96 h,流式细胞仪检测细胞DNA含量,计算细胞凋亡百分率;GSH检测试剂盒检测细胞内GSH含量。结果:0.25μmol/L As2O3作用24 h,有效地诱导BEL-7402细胞凋亡;对SMMC-7721细胞来说,需要用1.0μmol/L As2O3作用24 h才能达到相同的抑制效果。1.0μmol/LAs2O3作用72 h时,BEL-7402细胞的凋亡率为(43.8±0.2)%,SMMC-7721细胞的凋亡率为(12.8±0.2)%,检测BEL-7402细胞内GSH为(18.7±1.4)nmol/mg;SMMC-7721细胞内GSH为(50.8±5.2)nmol/mg,两者比较均有显著差异。结论:肝癌BEL-7402和SMMC-7721细胞对As2O3诱导细胞凋亡的敏感性不同,可能与细胞内GSH含量有关。     

甾体药物安宫黄体酮中杂质的分离和鉴定

应用柱色谱方法对安宫黄体酮多次重结晶母液中所含的杂质进行了分离和纯化,并应用NMR和MS等波谱方法确定了5个孕甾烷型杂质的结构:17α-氧乙酰基-6α.甲基孕甾一3,20-二酮、17α-氧乙酰基孕甾4-烯-3,20-二酮、17α-氧乙酰基孕甾4-烯.20-酮、17α-氧乙酰基-6β羟基-6α-甲基孕甾4-烯-3,20-二酮、17α-氧乙酰基-6α-羟基-6β-甲基孕甾4-烯-3,20-二酮.为安宫黄体酮的质量控制及代谢研究提供了依据.     

XTT-PMS法检测肝癌细胞的药敏性

目的 :建立检测肝癌细胞生长与药敏性的新方法。方法 :用XTT -PMS法检测肝癌细胞生长与药敏性。结果 :XTT -PMS法检测的适宜条件为XTT 0 2mg/mL ,PMS 5～ 5 0 μmol/L ,作用时间 2～ 6h。采用该法测定肝癌细胞药敏性的结果与MTT法相似。结论 :XTT -PMS法操作简单快速 ,测定结果准确可靠 ,可用于肝癌细胞生长与药敏性的检测     

The patterns and dynamics of genomic instability in metastatic pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy with a five-year mortality of 97-98%, usually due to widespread metastatic disease. Previous studies indicate that this disease has a complex genomic landscape, with frequent copy number changes and point mutations, but genomic rearrangements have not been characterized in detail. Despite the clinical importance of metastasis, there remain fundamental questions about the clonal structures of metastatic tumours, including phylogenetic relationships among metastases, the scale of ongoing parallel evolution in metastatic and primary sites, and how the tumour disseminates. Here we harness advances in DNA sequencing to annotate genomic rearrangements in 13 patients with pancreatic cancer and explore clonal relationships among metastases. We find that pancreatic cancer acquires rearrangements indicative of telomere dysfunction and abnormal cell-cycle control, namely dysregulated G1-to-S-phase transition with intact G2-M checkpoint. These initiate amplification of cancer genes and occur predominantly in early cancer development rather than the later stages of the disease. Genomic instability frequently persists after cancer dissemination, resulting in ongoing, parallel and even convergent evolution among different metastases. We find evidence that there is genetic heterogeneity among metastasis-initiating cells, that seeding metastasis may require driver mutations beyond those required for primary tumours, and that phylogenetic trees across metastases show organ-specific branches. These data attest to the richness of genetic variation in cancer, brought about by the tandem forces of genomic instability and evolutionary selection.     

Construction of an electronic physical map of Magnaporthe oryzae using genomic position-ready SSR markers

Magnaporthe oryzae is a model for plant pathogenic filamentous fungi. We have assembled a simple sequence repeat (SSR)-based physical map of the species, using in silico sequence data. A set of 120 SSR markers was developed from the genomic sequence of the reference isolate 70-15. These markers were readily amplified from the genomic DNA of other isolates, and high levels of allelic variation characterised the parental isolates of the two crosses tested. All the markers were locatable to one of the seven M. oryzae chromosomes. An SSR-based physical in silico map was constructed, and pre-existing SSR and RFLP loci were integrated into the map, along with 23 Avr (avirulence) genes and two other genes of importance to the plant/pathogen interaction. This map provides a platform for population genetics and functional genomics studies in the model pathogen, and even in other evolu- tionally related pathogens.     

桂花品种SSR荧光指纹图谱的构建

利用SSR荧光标记技术筛选出的11对SSR荧光标记引物,构建了64个桂花品种的SSR指纹图谱。11对SSR引物共扩增出143个等位基因,平均每个位点13个等位基因。群体平均的观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)、Shannon's信息指数(I)、观察等位基因数(Na)和有效等位基因数(Ne)分别为0.619 7、0.848 3、2.323 7、17.833 3和8.228 2。四季桂与秋桂(金桂、银桂和丹桂)的遗传距离较远。利用引物OF002、OF019、OSM63和OSM63中的任意2对可区分所有供试品种。64个桂花品种的SSR指纹图谱互不相同,可以作为各品种特定的图谱,为品种鉴别提供依据。     

基于单元模态应变能灵敏度的结构损伤统计识别

基于单元模态应变能灵敏度,采用概率统计的方法,提出一种同时考虑模型不确定性和测试噪声影响的损伤统计识别方法。首先,建立基于单元模态应变能灵敏度分析的结构损伤方程组,然后,通过摄动法推导出损伤结构刚度参数的统计特性,并运用损伤概率模型计算各单元的损伤存在概率。最后,用一简支梁数值模拟算例验证了该方法的有效性。研究结果表明:损伤概率越大,表明存在损伤的可能性越大;损伤单元的损伤存在概率大于非损伤单元的损伤存在概率;随着损伤程度的增加,损伤存在概率不断增加,而随着噪声水平的增加,损伤存在概率减小。     

Functional genomic analysis of phagocytosis and identification of a Drosophila receptor for E. coli

The recognition and phagocytosis of microbes by macrophages is a principal aspect of innate immunity that is conserved from insects to humans. Drosophila melanogaster has circulating macrophages that phagocytose microbes similarly to mammalian macrophages, suggesting that insect macrophages can be used as a model to study cell-mediated innate immunity. We devised a double-stranded RNA interference-based screen in macrophage-like Drosophila S2 cells, and have defined 34 gene products involved in phagocytosis. These include proteins that participate in haemocyte development, vesicle transport, actin cytoskeleton regulation and a cell surface receptor. This receptor, Peptidoglycan recognition protein LC (PGRP-LC), is involved in phagocytosis of Gram-negative but not Gram-positive bacteria. Drosophila humoral immunity also distinguishes between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria through the Imd and Toll pathways, respectively; however, a receptor for the Imd pathway has not been identified. Here we show that PGRP-LC is important for antibacterial peptide synthesis induced by Escherichia coli both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, totem mutants, which fail to express PGRP-LC, are susceptible to Gram-negative (E. coli), but not Gram-positive, bacterial infection. Our results demonstrate that PGRP-LC is an essential component for recognition and signalling of Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, this functional genomic approach is likely to have applications beyond phagocytosis.     

Chromatic sensitivity of ganglion cells in the peripheral primate retina

Visual abilities change over the visual field. For example, our ability to detect movement is better in peripheral vision than in foveal vision, but colour discrimination is markedly worse. The deterioration of colour vision has been attributed to reduced colour specificity in cells of the midget, parvocellular (PC) visual pathway in the peripheral retina. We have measured the colour specificity (red-green chromatic modulation sensitivity) of PC cells at eccentricities between 20 and 50 degrees in the macaque retina. Here we show that most peripheral PC cells have red-green modulation sensitivity close to that of foveal PC cells. This result is incompatible with the view that PC pathway cells in peripheral retina make indiscriminate connections ('random wiring') with retinal circuits devoted to different spectral types of cone photoreceptors. We show that selective cone connections can be maintained by dendritic field anisotropy, consistent with the morphology of PC cell dendritic fields in peripheral retina. Our results also imply that postretinal mechanisms contribute to the psychophysically demonstrated deterioration of colour discrimination in the peripheral visual field.     

The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia enables predictive modelling of anticancer drug sensitivity

The systematic translation of cancer genomic data into knowledge of tumour biology and therapeutic possibilities remains challenging. Such efforts should be greatly aided by robust preclinical model systems that reflect the genomic diversity of human cancers and for which detailed genetic and pharmacological annotation is available. Here we describe the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE): a compilation of gene expression, chromosomal copy number and massively parallel sequencing data from 947 human cancer cell lines. When coupled with pharmacological profiles for 24 anticancer drugs across 479 of the cell lines, this collection allowed identification of genetic, lineage, and gene-expression-based predictors of drug sensitivity. In addition to known predictors, we found that plasma cell lineage correlated with sensitivity to IGF1 receptor inhibitors; AHR expression was associated with MEK inhibitor efficacy in NRAS-mutant lines; and SLFN11 expression predicted sensitivity to topoisomerase inhibitors. Together, our results indicate that large, annotated cell-line collections may help to enable preclinical stratification schemata for anticancer agents. The generation of genetic predictions of drug response in the preclinical setting and their incorporation into cancer clinical trial design could speed the emergence of 'personalized' therapeutic regimens.     

Loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 3p markers in small-cell lung cancer

Specific chromosomal deletions sometimes associated with tumours such as retinoblastoma (chromosome 13q14) and Wilm's tumour (chromosome 11p13) have led to the hypothesis that recessive genes may be involved in tumorigenesis. This hypothesis is supported by demonstration of allele loss specific for these regions using polymorphic DNA markers and by the isolation of a complementary DNA clone for the retinoblastoma gene. A cytogenetic deletion in chromosome 3 (p14-p23) was reported in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) by Whang-Peng et al. At least one homologue of chromosome 3 was affected in the majority of SCLC tumours; however, the multiple chromosomal changes seen presented the possibility that chromosome 3 was rearranged, not deleted. We used polymorphic DNA probes for chromosome 3p and compared tumour and constitutional genotypes of nine SCLC patients. Our data show loss of alleles of chromosome 3p markers in tumour DNA of all nine patients supporting the hypothesis that this region contributes to tumorigenesis in SCLC.     

细菌性痢疾的菌型分布及药敏调查

目的 :了解细菌性痢疾的菌型分布及细菌对抗生素的敏感率 ,为经验性使用抗生素提供依据。方法 :对2000年1月—2003年8月我院细菌性痢疾患者做大便培养 ,对阳性菌株做药敏分析。结果 :本地菌痢以福氏占优势 ,占88.9 % ,宋内氏占11.1 %。药敏结果显示细菌对抗生素的敏感率依次是菌必治91.7 % ,头孢塞肟90.2 % ,先锋必89.9%,左氧氟沙星89.5% ,……氟派酸42 % ,氨苄青霉素35%。结论 :第三代头孢菌素对痢疾杆菌普遍敏感 ,而对既往常用的氨苄青霉素、氟派酸耐药性较高。     

靶向survivin基因的shRNA慢病毒载体的构建及其对膀胱癌EJ细胞凋亡的影响

目的:构建survivin基因特异性shRNA慢病毒干扰载体,转染膀胱癌EJ细胞,研究survivin基因在膀胱癌细胞株中的表达抑制情况,观察survivin shRNA慢病毒载体对EJ细胞凋亡的影响.方法:以survivin基因为靶标设计shRNA干扰序列,克隆至p SIH1-H1-cop GFP慢病毒载体.干扰载体鉴定正确后转染膀胱癌细胞株EJ细胞,荧光显微镜下观察GFP表达情况,实时荧光定量PCR检测survivin基因mRNA含量变化,Western blotting法检测survivin蛋白表达,Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法检测EJ细胞凋亡情况.结果:PCR扩增鉴定、DNA测序证实survivin慢病毒干扰载体构建成功;EJ细胞经干扰载体处理后,EJ细胞survivin基因mRNA水平下调了73.33%,蛋白表达受到显著抑制,EJ细胞凋亡率达到24.39%.结论:成功构建了靶向survivin基因的shRNA重组慢病毒干扰载体,可以显著降低转染细胞survivin基因的表达水平,并有效提高膀胱癌细胞凋亡率.     

结直肠癌肿瘤标志物多分割点设置算法

为了提高诊断正确率,大量医学研究集中于探讨肿瘤标志物正常值与非正常值的合适划分,即确定分割点。为此,该文提出了一种肿瘤标志物多分割点设置算法。通过正交实验和缩小搜索空间的方法,进一步提高了诊断正确率和优化收敛速度。在结直肠癌实际诊断数据中的应用效果表明,该算法能有效地提高诊断正确率,其诊断结果优于医学上的单分割点的诊断结果。     

小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞多潜能性的鉴定

目的:鉴定小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)的多分化潜能的起因.方法:从成年小鼠骨髓股骨、胫骨中分离MSCs,并进行原代培养,分别于0、2、4、6、8、10 d提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR检测多潜能特征基因和相关因子、3个胚层特征基因的mRNA的表达情况,以判断MSCs的特性.结果:小鼠MSCs中表达多能性标记基因Oc...