从蔗渣碱法制纸浆黑液中提取木质素

本文采用SO2酸化法提取蔗渣碱法制纸浆黑液中的木质素，探讨黑液中木质素的SO2酸化沉析特性，通过分析蔗渣木质的紫外吸收光谱特性测定其提取率，考察了影响木质素分离撮的条件因素，提出提取木质素的最佳工艺条件。     

烧碱法草浆木质素的混凝作用试验研究

从厌氧处理前后的烧碱法草浆黑液中提取的木质素对蒙脱土悬浊液、味精废液和印染废水等具有良好的处理效果。试验发现，从经过厌氧处理的黑液中提取木质素有较好的混凝作用，去除废水浊度、色度和ＣＯＤ的效率比从原黑液中提取的木质素高。研究表明草浆碱木素是一种具有开发前景的混凝剂。     

从蔗渣碱法制纸浆黑液中提取木质素

本文采用ＳＯ２酸化法提取蔗渣碱法制纸浆黑液中的木质素,探讨黑液中木质素的ＳＯ２酸化沉析特性,通过分析蔗渣木质素的紫外吸收光谱特性测定其提取率,考察了影响木质素分离提取的条件因素,提出提取木质素的最佳工艺条件     

木质素在厌氧生物处理过程中的转化

碱法草浆黑液可以直接进行厌氧生物处理，处理前后的黑液用酸析法提取木质素时总耗酸量基本相同，但从处理后黑液中提取出的粗木素纯度较高，红外、紫外光谱、凝胶色谱与元素分析等结果表明，厌氧处理前后木质素分子的基本结构单元保持不变，但分子量大于１００００的木素大分子有向小分子转化的趋势，厌氧处理前后的木质素都为难以生化降解的高分子物质。     

从造纸厂制浆黑液中提取木质素并回收碱的研究

研究了从造纸厂制浆黑液中提取木质素，皂化物和回收碱的方法。     

造纸黑液的综合利用技术

针对造纸黑液的任意排放对水环境造成严重污染的现状，对碱法造纸黑液的处理方法(如碱回收、提取木质素、联产治理等)进行了介绍，综述了碱法造纸黑液综合利用新技术进展情况。     

改性黑液木质素胶-木屑硬质纤维板研究通过省级鉴定

我国共有大小造纸厂数千个,每年向江河湖泊排放大量的造纸黑液,仅木质素就有百万吨以上,一方面严重污染环境,另一方面作为化工原料的木质素又被白白地浪费掉,木质素是造纸黑液中的主要有机物之一,是木材纤维素的天然粘合剂,在制浆过程中结构受到一定程度破坏,粘合性能大大降低.因此,将黑液木质素改性后重新做成粘合剂日益受到世界各国科学工作者的关注.为了解决环境污染,变废为宝,1984年9月,四川省高教局把“造纸废水黑液中木质素的提取及利用”研究课题下达给了我校环境化学研究所.     

利用淀粉衍生物包胶法固化处理造纸黑液

造纸厂制浆工段产生的黑液量大，木质素、糖分等有机物含量高．将其排放会严重污染受纳水体，因此，开发黑液回收利用和有效治理的技术是控制造纸工业水污染的关键．本研究提出了利用淀粉衍生物包胶法固化处理造纸黑液的新技术，将制浆工段提取的黑液直接进行固化，不向外排放。同时，由于黑液中木质素腐植酸含量高，可以将固化物转化为有机无机活性农肥，实现“变废为宝”的研究思路，属于清洁生产技术．本实验所用黑液样品为烧碱法麦草制浆蒸煮所得废液和亚硫酸铵法麦草制浆蒸煮所得废液，直接取自造纸厂．烧碱法麦草浆黑液的密度为１．０…     

治理造纸黑液 走综合利用之路

造纸黑液的产生及治理方法。介绍了从黑液浓缩提取,经喷雾干燥获取木质素系列产品的工艺以及木质素系列产品的应用、价值。认为该工艺是投资小、效果好、效益明显的治污方法,应该推广、发展。     

黑液提取率对纸浆残留污染负荷的影响

为定量表征黑液提取率对纸浆中残留污染负荷的影响,以红松传统碱法蒸煮得到的浆料和黑液为研究对象,采用逆流提取工艺,对不同浆料浓度的黑液提取率与浆中残余木质素量、化学需氧量(COD_(Cr))和生化需氧量(BOD_5)的关系进行研究.结果表明:木质素降解物是黑液有机物的主要污染来源,高浓高黑液提取率可有效降低污染负荷,浆料浓度从15%提高到35%时,黑液提取率显著增高(从71. 34%提高到98. 47%),并且浆中残余木质素、COD_(Cr)和BOD_5的含量都大幅度降低;黑液提取率与浆中残余木质素呈线性关系,与浆中残留的COD_(Cr)和BOD_5分别呈一元三次函数和一元二次函数关系.提高浆料浓度和黑液提取率是减少制浆和漂白过程中污染负荷的有效方法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that