Template-free RNA synthesis by Q beta replicase

In the absence of extraneously added template, standard preparations of Q beta replicase spontaneously synthesize RNA in vitro, possibly as a result of RNA contamination. Using special enzyme purifications, Sumper and Luce presented evidence that self-replicating RNA not present ab initio can grow out of 'template-free' incorporation mixtures. In contrast to DNA polymerase I and RNA polymerase, which also show de novo synthesis, the products synthesized 'de novo' by Q beta replicase are RNA species containing nonrepetitive sequences of defined lengths which differ between experiments, even when synthesized under identical conditions, in fingerprints, chain lengths and kinetic parameters. Kinetic analysis of the de novo processes distinguished it from template-instructed synthesis and excluded an assumption of self-replicating RNA contamination. These conclusions were questioned recently by Hill and Blumenthal, who claimed to show that highly purified Q beta replicase preparations cannot produce RNA de novo. We now present evidence that, under the conditions required for de novo synthesis, Q beta replicase prepared according to their method is also capable of de novo synthesis. Furthermore, we show that Q beta replicase condenses nucleoside triphosphates to more or less random oligonucleotides.     

煅烧铟锡氢氧化物和氯化钠混合粉末制备铟锡氧化物纳米粉体

铟锡氧化物（ITO）是一种重要的半导体材料,制备团聚轻、颗粒细小的ITO纳米粉体具有重要的意义。在500℃下煅烧铟锡氢氧化物[Sn：In（OH）3]和NaCl的混合粉末2h,然后冷却并经过水洗制备ITO纳米粉体。XRD和TEM研究结果表明,利用NaCl颗粒能有效阻止纳米粉体硬团聚的形成。ITO纳米粉体结晶良好,平均颗粒尺寸为18min,尺寸分布窄、团聚轻。本工艺为合成无机纳米粉体提供了一种新的方法。     

一步法制备尺寸可控SnO2纳米颗粒及其光催化性能研究

借助一步法,通过调变丙三醇的量制备分散性好、粒径均匀、尺寸可控的SnO2纳米颗粒.XRD、FESEM、UV-vis、TEM、XPS等研究结果表明：在含5.00 mL甘油体系下制备出的SnO2具有较高的结晶度,同时其分散性最好,孔容孔径最大,呈现最佳的光催化活性.     

纳米氢氧化钙改性聚己内酯对红军标语的封护研究

红军标语是不可再生的文化遗产,目前正面临着损坏乃至消失的危险。对地仗层进行适当的封护处理,可以增强其耐久性能,达到保护的目的。使用纳米Ca （OH）₂对聚己内酯（PCL）进行改性,制备了一种可生物降解的红军标语地仗层封护剂;通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）等手段对封护剂进行了表征;通过耐紫外光老化、耐冻融循环、耐可溶盐侵蚀、耐水侵蚀和耐酸雨侵蚀试验评估了封护试样的抗压强度、抗折强度和色差值。结果表明,封护剂中PCL成膜后可有效阻止水分从试样外部进入内部;微团聚的Ca （OH）₂与纳米Ca （OH）₂共同形成了微米/纳米复合结构,使封护膜的疏水性得到有效增强;纳米Ca （OH）₂的加入可提高封护膜的透气性;封护剂可提高封护试样的耐久性。以上结果表明纳米Ca （OH）₂改性的PCL封护剂对模拟红军标语地仗层具有良好的封护效果。     

Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of new hybrid open-framework indium phosphate-oxalates

Crystalline open-framework inorganic materials have been widely studied because of the wide variety of the structures as well as their applications in heterogeneous catalysis, adsorption and ion exchange[1,2]. Of many open-framework solids, metal phosphates are an important family of materials, a large number of aluminum phos-phates[3,4], gallium phosphates[5—7], zinc phosphates[8—10], cobalt phosphate[11], beryllium phosphates[12—14] have been prepared and characterized. Recently, open-fra…     

铜铟硫纳米粒子的改进溶剂热法合成与表征

采用溶剂热法和单一前体法相结合的改进方法,以二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸铜和二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸铟配合物为前体,乙二胺或油胺为表面修饰剂,成功地合成了铜铟硫纳米粒子.研究了表面修饰剂与前体的摩尔配比、反应时间、反应温度以及弱还原性添加剂对产物形貌结构的影响,采用XRD,SEM等测试方法对产物进行了结构表征.结果表明,在乙二胺和...     

简易合成单晶Y(OH)_3和Y_2O_3及其形貌转化

利用水热法,在没任何催化剂、模板剂的情况下,以Y（NO3）3·6H20,NaOH为原料,合成了片状和棒状纳米Y（OH）,和Y2O3;研究了溶剂比例、水热时间、试剂滴加顺序等因素对产物形貌的影响,分析了其生长机理,并研究了两者的近红外反射性能。     

磁场无模板法镍纳米线的制备

在无模板的条件下使用均匀外加磁场进行诱导,得到了具有均匀的形貌、很大的长径比和多晶结构的镍纳米线,并使用SEM、TEM、XRD等检测手段对产物等进行了表征.实验证明,通过改变反应条件可以控制产物的形貌和尺寸,并分析了镍纳米线的生长机理.采用的方法无须使用模板,反应周期短,成本低,操作简单,适合大量制备,可以用于研究和工业生产.     

Microwave assisted synthesis &; properties of nano HA-TCP biphasic calcium phosphate

Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) nanopowders were synthesized by using microwave and non-microwave irradiation assisted processes. The synthesized powders were pressed under a pressure of 90 MPa, and then were sintered at 1000-1200℃ for 1 h. The mechanical properties of the samples were investigated. The formed phases and microstructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the synthesis time was shorter, along with a more homogeneous microstructure, when the microwave irradiation assisted method was applied. The compression strength and the Young's modulus of the samples synthesized with microwave irradiation were about 60 MPa and 3 GPa, but those of the samples synthesized without microwave irradiation were about 30 MPa and 2 GPa, respectively. XRD patterns of the microwave irradiation assisted and non-microwave irradiation assisted nanopowders showed the coexistence of hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phases in the system.     

Template—free electrosynthesis of aligned poly（p—phenylene） microtubules

Poly （p-phenylene)(PPP) microtubules with diameters of 0.2-0.8μm and lengths of -10μm have been synthesized by direct oxidation of benzene in the mixed electrolyte of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate(BFEE)and trifluoroacetic acid(TFA)(BFEE:TFA=2:1,by volume),containing a certain amount dodecylbenzene-sul-fonate(SDBS)as surfactant.The microtubules were grown vertically on the working electrode surface.The tubular morphology has been confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopies and the chain structure of the skin of the tubules has been characterized by Raman spectros-copy.The electrode property,monomer/surfactant molar ration and the value of applied potentical have strong effects on the morphology of the microtubules.     

Simplification of Template-free Method to Prepare Polyaniline Nanotubes

1 Introduction Conducting polymer nanostructures (e.g.nanotubes or nanofibers) have received considerable attention owing their unique properties and promising applications in technology and nano-devices[1]. Conducting polymer nanostructures can be generally synthesized through “hard“ and “soft“ template method.Usually an external hard template in a “hard-template“ method is required and the post-treatment of removing template is rather tedious.“Soft-template“ method is advantageous of omitting external...     

纳米银与纳米氧化锌混合物的抗菌活性

采用常温还原法合成纳米银及微波超声波组合法合成纳米氧化锌样品,运用X线粉末衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及UV—Vis光谱对样品的组成及形貌进行表征．将纳米银与纳米氧化锌进行混合,采用菌落计数法测定混合物对大肠杆菌（E．coli）和金黄色葡萄球菌（S．a／Are／AS）的抑菌活性．结果表明,所合成样品为分散性好的5nm银颗粒及均一棱柱状结构的纳米氧化锌．二者混合物在银含量减少一半时对两种细菌的抗菌活性明显高于单独的纳米银或纳米氧化锌,表明混合物中纳米银和纳米氧化锌在抗菌时发挥了协同作用．     

轻烧粉-氢氧化钠法制备氢氧化镁的研究

以轻烧粉经酸化、氧化除铁等精制过程得到的氯化镁溶液为原料,以氢氧化钠为沉淀剂制备氢氧化镁。研究了pH值对轻烧粉酸化除铁的影响,考察了原料的物质的量比、反应温度、加料时间、陈化时间等因素对产品质量的影响,得到了轻烧粉精制和反应制备氢氧化镁的最佳工艺条件。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线粉末衍射仪（XRD）和激光粒度分布测试仪等对实验产品进行表征。结果表明,该工艺制备的氢氧化镁纯度达到98%以上,CaO质量分数低于0.1%,颗粒呈片状结构,粒度分布均匀,形貌规则。     

Sonochemical synthesis of nanostructured nickel hydroxide as an electrodematerial for improved electrochemical energy storage application

A facile and fast approach for the synthesis of a nanostructured nickel hydroxide(Ni(OH)_2) via sonochemical technique is reported in the present study. The X-ray diffraction results confirmed that the synthesized Ni(OH)_2 was oriented in β-phase of hexagonal brucite structure. The nanostructured Ni(OH)_2 electrode exhibited the maximum specific capacitance of 1256 F/g at a current density of 200 mA/g in 1 M KOH_((aq)). Ni(OH)_2 electrodes exhibited the pseudocapacitive behavior due to the presence of redox reaction. It also exhibited long-term cyclic stability of 85% after 2000 cycles, suggesting that the nanostructured Ni(OH)_2 electrode will play a promising role for high performance supercapacitor application.     

氧化羰基化合成碳酸二苯酯中纳米锰氧化物气凝胶载体的制备及表征

分别采用柠檬酸络合常压干燥法、环氧丙烷促凝冷冻干燥法制备了3种纳米锰氧化物气凝胶材料,利用X射线衍射仪、比表面积及孔隙分布测定仪、扫描电镜及透射电镜等测试手段对其进行表征,并测试各样品负载活性物后在氧化羰基化合成碳酸二苯酯中的催化效果。结果表明,采用环氧丙烷促凝冷冻干燥法且加入TAA制备的锰氧化物气凝胶材料呈现纳米花菜状的多晶结构,具有良好的量子效应;将该凝胶负载质量分数为1%的Pd后用于催化苯酚氧化羰基化合成碳酸二苯酯,当反应总压为5 MPa(其中氧气体积分数约为7%)、反应温度为70℃、反应时间为4 h时,碳酸二苯酯的单程收率可达23.34%,选择性为99.16%,催化效果良好。     

铟的应用与提取进展

铟是现代高新技术产业的重要支撑材料,中国的铟资源和铟生产量为全球之冠,原生铟的提取技术和水平居世界前列;论述了铟提取冶金的新工艺技术及铟产业的发展。     

A single-step synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene sheets decorated withcobalt hydroxide nanoflakes for the determination of dopamine

Nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide(NrGO)sheets decorated with Co(OH)_2nanoflakes were prepared by a single-step hydrothermal process.The morphological and structural characterizations of as synthesized Nr GO@Co(OH)_2nanoflakes were performed by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),EDX-mapping and X-ray diffraction(XRD).Nr GO@Co(OH)_2nanoflakes modified glassy carbon electrode(GCE)was used for electrochemical sensing of dopamine in neutral medium.The nanocomposite modified electrode showed enhanced electrochemical sensing ability for the detection of dopamine and the limit of detection(Lo D)was found to be 0.201μM with a sensitivity value of 0.0286±0.002 m A m M~(-1).Interference studies revealed that Nr GO@Co(OH)_2─GCE endow excellent selectivity for DA detection even in the presence of higher concentration of common co-existing physiological interfering analytes.Additionally,proposed sensor demonstrated excellent performance in urine samples with promising reproducibility and stability.     

芒果皮绿色合成贝壳基纳米零价铁及对甲基橙的去除

为合理利用芒果皮和贝壳类废弃物资源并有效缓解水体中甲基橙的污染问题,利用废弃芒果皮和贝壳绿色合成贝壳基纳米零价铁复合材料.利用Folin-Ciocalteu法、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DDPH)自由基清除能力和铁还原能力以及紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)测试结果优化材料制备工艺,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)表征材料结构,同时研究了材料对水中甲基橙的去除效果.结果表明:利用芒果皮提取液成功制备了纳米零价铁,其大多为球形和椭圆形颗粒;负载贝壳后有效地分散并稳定了纳米粒子,降低了纳米零价铁的聚集程度;当反应温度为45℃,投加量4 g/L,甲基橙初始质量浓度为800 mg/L时,贝壳基纳米零价铁对于甲基橙的去除率达到93.66%.     

纳米Ni(OH)2的制备与研究

镍氢新型二次电池已成为开发热点，但由于现有的镍正极不能与MH负极相匹配，限制了镍氢电池的进一步应用．采用沉淀转化法制备纳米级氢氧化镍，通过调节表面活性剂的含量和实验温度，得出最佳反应条件．对制得的样品进行XRD和TEM表征，并对样品进行了恒流放电测试．测试结果表明：制得的样品为球形，颗粒粒度为纳米级，直径为30～50nm，晶型为β型；将样品与传统的微米级氢氧化镍相比较，测得其电化学容量可提高20％以上．