Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography with femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser and photonic crystal fiber

Optical coherence tomography （OCT） with ultrahigh axial resolution was achieved by the super-continuum generated by coupling femtosecond pulses from a commercial Ti：sapphire laser into an air-silica microstructure fiber. The visible spectrum of the super-continuum from 450 to 700 nm centered at 540 nm can be generated. A free-space axial OCT resolution of 0.64 pm was achieved. The sensitivity of OCT system was 108 dB with incident light power 3 mW at sample, only 7dB below the theoretical limit. Subcellular OCT imaging was also demonstrated, showing great potential for biomedical application.     

Hydrophobicity mechanism of non-smooth pattern on surface of butterfly wing

Twenty-nine species (24 genera, 6 families) of butterflies typical and common in northeast China were selected to make qualitative and quantitative studies on the pattern, hydrophobicity and hydrophobicity mechanism by means of scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measuring system. The scale surface is composed of submicro-class vertical gibbosities and horizontal links. The distance of scale is 48—91 μm, length 65—150 μm, and width 35—70 μm. The distance of submicro-class vertical gib-bosities on scale is 1.06—2.74 μm, height 200—900 nm, and width 200—840 nm. The better hydropho-bicity on the surface of butterfly wing (static contact angle 136.3°—156.6°) is contributed to the co-effects of micro-class scale and submicro-class vertical gibbosities on the wing surface. The Cassie equation was revised, and new mathematical models and equations were established.     

Novel high PSRR current reference based on subthreshold MOSFETs

This paper takes full advantages of the I-V transconductance characteristics of metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor （MOSFET） operating in the subthreshold region and the enhancement pre-regulator technique with the high gain negative feedback loop. The proposed reference circuit, designed with the SMIC 0.18 μm standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor （CMOS） logic process technology, exhibits a stable current of about 1.701 μA with much low temperature coefficient （TC） of 2.5×10^-4μA/℃ in the temperature range of-40 to 150℃ at 1.5 V supply voltage, and also achieves a best PSRR over a broad frequency. The PSRR is about - 126 dB at DC frequency and remains -92 dB at the frequency higher 100 MHz. Moreover the proposed reference circuit operates stably at the supply voltage higher 1.2 V and has good process compatibility.     

A 2 Gb/s optical receiver with monolithically integrated MSM photodetector in standard CMOS process

A monolithically standard complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) optical receiver with a metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetector is presented in this paper.An active-feedback transimpedance amplifier (TIA) with negative Miller capacitance is used to increase the bandwidth of the receiver.The MSM photodetector with high responsivity provides higher sensitivity for the optical receiver.The optical receiver implemented in chartered 0.35 μm process achieves a 1.7 GHz bandwidth due to the low capacitance of the MSM photodetector.2 Gb/s optical data are successfully transmitted with a bit-error rate of 10-9 at an optical power of-15 dBm.The power consumption of the receiver is 94 mW under a single 3.3 V supply.     

眼检光学相干层析成像术

论述了光学相干层析成像(OCT)眼检系统的要求及基本原理,并对OCT眼检关键技术进行了探讨．指出了进一步提高纵向分辨率的方法,给出了OCT眼检装置对人眼视网膜细微结构的成像结果。     

Interaction between integrin αIIbβ3 and synthesized cyclic hexapeptide containing RGD

The RGD sequence generally exists in the extracellular matrix proteins and can be recognized by many integrin proteins. The binding ability of immobilized biotinylated cyclic hexapeptide [cyclo(-Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Lys-Gly-)] containing RGD to integrin α_αbβ₃ was tested by the methods of ELISA and SPR. Results showed that a spacer of 1.48–2.2 nm between the peptide and the biotin residue was long enough to send the RGD sequence into the binding center embccedded within α_IIbβ₃, and the equilibrium dissociation constant was 1.1 μm. The work provides an ideal model system for the research of cell adhesion on solid surfaces.     

利用相位差分技术改善光学相干层析图像质量

针对光学相干层析成像（OCT）信号中的各种噪声项的干扰和微弱散射信号提取的困难，提出基于相位差分的光学相干层析成像（PD-OCT）. 首先利用相干参考臂中的纳米微调平台作为相位调制器获得相位调制参考光，然后光结合振镜扫描技术和CCD光谱采集的光谱相干层析技术（SDOCT），实现光学相干层析的相位差分成像.结果表明:相位差分技术可以准确实现青鳉鱼样品光学相干层析中的相位差分成像，弱散射信号增强337 dB,信噪比（SNR）增强58 dB，获得成像物体高信噪比的弱散射信号.     

The template preparation and characterization of three new shapes of titania nanometer-array systems

Nano-structure systems such as nano-structure de- vices and quantum devices have become a hot spot[1] in the materials science. Recently, the synthesis and the preliminary exploration of the properties of novel nano-structures or nanometer constitutional …     

Singlebeam two-photon three-dimensional optical storage in a pyrryl-substituted fulgide photochromic material

We introduce a high-density three-dimensional optical data storage approach by using a pyrryl-substituted fulgide photochromic material with a method of single-beam two-photon recording and fluorescence confocal readout. The detailed information about the photochromic material and the experimental setup are presented. The experiments about multi-layered recording and readout are carried out with a 100-μm-thick transparent photochromic material film. The results show that the lateral resolution is better than 1 μm, and the longitudinal resolution is about 3 μm. Besides, the readout times for the recorded data are desirable when using a readout laser power smaller than 5 mW.     

Field Emission Characterization of 1D-Nanostructural ZnO Grown at Low Temperature

Ondeu-ctdio rmse nhsaivoen aaltt rwaicdteed b aan gdr-egaatp d neaaln oosft uartctteunrtialon se bmeiccaounse-of their remarkable physical and chemical properties[1 ,2].Amongthose properties ,the highaspect ratio of these materi-als makes them genuine can…     

Variation of Zr/Rb ratios on the Loess Plateau of Central China during the last 130000 years and its implications for winter monsoon

To find a new index of winter monsoon without effects of chemical weathering and pedogenesis is an important task in loess research. Chemical analysis of five grain size fractions (i.e. >32 μm, 32–20 μm, 20–8 μm, 8–2 μm and <2 μm) show that Zr is enriched in coarser grain size, while Rb is concentrated in finer fractions. An excellent correlation occurs between Zr/Rb ratios and mean grain size in loess units (L₁LL₁ and L₁LL₂) from Huanxian and Xifeng sections, reflecting that Zr/Rb ratios increase when grain size is coarser. Due to immobility of the two elements during the postdepositional process, Zr/Rb ratios can eliminate the effect of weathering and pedogenesis and serve as an excellent proxy on winter monsoon variation. The Zr/Rb ratio curves of the Huanxian, Xifeng and Luochuan sections during the last 130000 years show that the winter monsoon strength was very weak during MIS 3, which corresponded to the intensity during MIS 5.     

Calculation of the intracellular elastic modulus based on an atomic force microscope micro-cutting system

Better understanding of variations in the mechanical properties of cancer cells could help to provide novel solutions for the diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of cancers.We therefore developed a calculation model of the intracellular elastic modulus based on the contact pressure between the silicon tip of an atomic force microscope and the target cells,and cutting depth.Ovarian cells(UACC-1598) and colon cancer cells(NCI-H716) were cut into sequential layers using an atomic force microscope silicon tip.The cutting area on the cells was 8μm×8μm,and the loading force acting on the cells was increased from 17.523 to 32.126μN.The elastic modulus distribution was measured after each cutting process.There were significant differences in contact pressure and cutting depth between different cells under the same loading force,which could be attributed to differences in their intrinsic structures and mechanical properties.The differences between the average elastic modulus and surface elastic modulus for UACC-1598 and NCI-H716 cells were 0.288±0.08 kPa and 0.376±0.16 kPa,respectively.These results demonstrate that this micro-cutting method can be used to measure intracellular mechanical properties,which could in turn provide a more accurate experimental basis for the development of novel methods for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.     

Characteristics of inclusions in high-Al steel during electroslag remelting process

The characteristics of inclusions in high-Al steel refined by electroslag remelting (ESR) were investigated by image analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The results show that the size of almost all the inclusions observed in ESR ingots is less than 5 μm. Inclusions smaller than 3 μm take nearly 75% of the total inclusions observed in each ingot. Inclusions observed in ESR ingots are pure AlN as dominating precipitates and some fine spherical Al₂O₃ inclusions with a size of 1 μm or less. It is also found that protective gas operation and slag deoxidation treatment during ESR process have significant effects on the number of inclusions smaller than 2 μm but little effects on that of inclusions larger than 2 μm. Thermodynamic calculations show that AlN inclusions are unable to precipitate in the liquid metal pool under the present experimental conditions, while the precipitation of AlN inclusions could take place at the solidifying front due to the microsegregation of Al and N in liquid steel during solidification.     

A Contact and Non-Contact Hybrid Profilometer with Large Range

A novel hybrid instrument of contact and non-contact measurement with large range is developed, and both measurement systems are based on a Linnik interference microscope and on white-light interference measuring techniques. The ambiguity presented in conventional monochromatic interferometers is not present in the contact and non-contact measurement, and they have a virtually unlimited unambiguous range. For the contact measurement, the vertical measuring range is ±5 mm with a resolution of 1 nm and the horizontal measuring range is ±25 mm in x-range and y-range with a resolution of 1.25 μm; for the non-contact measurement, the vertical measuring range is ~5 mm with a resolution of 1 nm and the horizontal resolution better than 0.5 urn.     

Determination of copy number for 5S rDNA and centromeric sequence RCS2 in rice by Fiber-FISH

The copy number of 5S rDNA and centromeric sequence RCS2 was determined by extended DNA fiber based fluorescence in situ hybridization (Fiber-FISH) in rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica cv. Guangluai No. 4) genome. In order to determine the copy number, it is necessary to know the basepair number that a given length DNA fiber contains under a microscope. Therefore, the length of two DNA fragments, in which the basepair number had been already known, was measured. The insert sequence of the tested BAC 38D17 was 136 kb and its extended DNA was 56.4 μm long, 2.41 kb/μm on average, while that of the tested BAC 44B4 was 144.5 kb in total and 55.7 μm long, 2.60 kb/μm on average under the microscope. They were very close to the theoretical value of B-DNA in the Watson-Crick DNA model, which is 2.97 kb/μm. According to the average value of basepair number per μm of the two samples mentioned above, that is, 2.51 kb/μm, it could be estimated that the copy number was about 686 for 5S rDNA and 286-1121 for the centromere sequence RCS2.     

多通道光纤旋转连接器

光纤旋转连接器是一种无源光纤器件,一般被用来耦合光信号通过一个旋转连接面．目前利用光互连技术设计的多通道光纤旋转结构比较复杂,故设计了一种无源多路空间互连光纤旋转连接器．该连接器利用空间光互连技术和波分复用技术传榆多路光信号．测试了多路旋转连接器在1310nm和1550nm波段下的性能,可以得知：在1310nm波段旋转连接器的插入损耗小于1．55dB,旋转变化量最大为0．28dB,1550nm波段的最大插入损耗为1．20dB,旋转变化量小于0．43dB；旋转连接器2个通道之间的隔离度大于31dB．     

Open-air traveling-wave thermoacoustic generator

Taking the input and reflected waves into account,the relationship between the acoustic impedance at the end and the input of a system were theoretically analyzed.Closed and open acoustic configurations that influence the pressure,volumetric velocity,impedance and acoustic work were compared in detail.Based on the above investigation,an open-air traveling-wave thermoacoustic generator was designed and fabricated.It is composed of a looped tube,a resonator open at one end,a regenerator,and hot and cold heat exchangers.It is a small scale and simple configuration.The resonant frequency is 74 Hz at 1 bar in air.The maximum acoustic pressures at the open end and 0.5 m far away from the open end are 133.4 dB and 101 dB from a reference value of 20μPa when the heating power was 210 W,respectively.Acoustic pressure is reasonable for practical application as a low-frequency acoustic source.In further work,we believe that the acoustic pressure at the open end can achieve 150 dB,which could be a solution to problems in existing acoustic generators.These problems include low acoustic pressure and system complexity.It can be used as a basic acoustic source for low frequency and long-range noise experiments,and as a supply for high acoustic pressures necessary for industrial sources.     

Coherent thermal radiation in thin films and its application in the emissivity design of multilayer films

The infrared transmission spectra of a 0.54-μm-thick Ge film and a 20-μm-thick Si film were experimentally measured. As the incident radiation was in the wavelength range from 1.5μm to 10μm, the Ge film demonstrated a strongly spectral coherence. However, thermal radiation of the Ge film was found to be spatially incoherent due to its extreme thinness. The Si film exhibited significantly spectral and spatial coherence. The results confirmed that thermal radiation of a monolayer film could be coherent spectrally and spatially if the film thickness was comparable with the wavelength. The optical characteristic matrix method was applied to calculate the transmission spectra of the Si and Ge film, and the results agreed well with the measurements. This method was further used to analyze two multilayer films composed of five low emissive layers. Their emissivities were found to be highly emissive at a certain zenith angle, and the emissive peak could be controlled by careful selection of film thickness.     

Control of the carrier-envelope phases of a synchronously pumped femtosecond optical parametric oscillator and its applications

The intrinsic synchronization, multi-color outputs and related carrier-envelope phases （CEP） among pulses bring advantages to synchronously pumped femtosecond optical parametric oscillators and the pumping sources for broadband frequency comb generation and ultrashort waveform coherent syn-thesis. In this paper, we discuss our latest research results in this field, which cover the following as-pects： the phase relationship and energy conservation law in an OPO and related experimental verifi-cation; control of the pumping Ti-sapphire femtosecond laser＇s CEP by self-referencing technology, and its repetition-rate locking by piezoelectric transducer （PZT）; CEP locking of the pulses from the OPO by beating the non-phase-matched visible outputs against pump supercontinuum to obtain a driving signal for a fast PZT on the OPO end mirror; the generation of a broadband frequency comb spanning from 400 nm to 2.4 μm with 1.2 kHz bandwidth; and the realization of coherent interference between phase controlled pump pulses and signal second harmonic pulses.     

Preparation of protein-loaded microspheres with size≤10 μm by electrostatic droplet generation technology

AT PRESENT, ALMOST ALL PROTEIN DRUGS HAVE TO BE CLINI- CALLY ADMINISTERED VIA INJECTION ROUTES SUCH AS INTRAVE- NOUS INJECTION. ONE OF THE IMPORTANT PROBLEMS CON- FRONTED IS THAT THESE DRUGS SHOULD BE INJECTED REPEATEDLY DUE TO SHORT HALF-LIFE IN BLOOD. I…