铸态Mg-2Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr-xY镁合金组织及力学性能

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X线衍射分析(XRD)及力学性能测试等手段,研究不同含量稀土元素Y(4%,6%,8%,质量分数)对Mg-2%Nd-0.2%Zn-0.4%Zr镁合金铸态显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:在Mg-2%Nd-0.2%Zn-0.4%Zr镁合金中添加Y可以明显细化合金晶粒,其中加入6%Y时效果最佳;合金晶粒粒径由100μm细化至35μm。未添加稀土元素的Mg-2%Nd-0.2%Zn-0.4Zr铸态合金中主要存在Mg12Nd相;加入稀土元素Y后,Nd和Y分别以Mg41Nd5和Mg24Y5化合物形式存在,合金的力学性能得到提高。其中加入6%Y的合金综合力学性能最好,抗拉强度和屈服强度分别提高至245 MPa和150 MPa,而伸长率大幅提高至16%,较未加稀土元素Y的合金提高191%;当Y含量达到8%时,合金综合力学性能下降。     

Mg-4Nd和Mg-4Nd-0.7Zr合金显微组织和力学性能

制备了Mg-4Nd和Mg-4Nd-0.7Zr两种合金,并系统研究了它们在各种状态下的组织和性能.研究结果表明:铸态的二元Mg-4Nd合金由α-Mg基体和中间相Mg12Nd组成,少量Zr(0.7%质量百分数)的加入使合金铸态组织得到明显细化,且使Mg12Nd相呈网状连续分布于晶界.合金经热挤压加工后,强度和塑性均得到大幅度改善.由于在合金挤压及热处理过程中,Zr明显提高了再结晶温度并抑制了再结晶后晶粒的长大,因此Zr的加入使Mg-4Nd合金在挤压和时效处理后强度都有不同程度的提高.直接时效(T5)处理工艺能产生形变强化和时效硬化双重作用,使合金呈现良好的综合力学性能.在对合金时效组织的TEM观察中发现了β'和β两种沉淀颗粒,其尺度均在10~100nm之间,它们都对合金产生了沉淀硬化作用.     

Al含量对AJC镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

以Mg-4Al-2Sr-1Ca合金为基体,在提高合金中Al含量的基础上,配制了不同成分的几种Mg-(4-7)Al-2Sr-1Ca合金.研究了Al含量对Mg-Al-Sr-Ca合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.研究发现,Mg-4Al-2Sr-1Ca合金的主要组成相为α-Mg,沿枝晶界分布的Mg2Ca α-Mg共晶相、Mg-Al-Sr三元相及晶内Al2Ca颗粒相.当Al元素质量分数增大到5%～6%时,合金中出现了(Mg,Al)2Ca相;进一步增大Al元素质量分数至7%,另一种新相Al4Sr相也被观察到.随着Al含量的增大,合金的强度和塑性在室温和高温下都有所上升.在175℃/70MPa和200℃/70MPa下,Mg-5Al-2Sr-1Ca和Mg-6Al-2Sr-1Ca合金表现出了比其他合金更好的高温抗蠕变性能.     

两种Mg-Zn-Nd合金的微观组织和性能

利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、万能力学试验机、电化学法等手段,研究Mg97Zn1Nd2(Ⅰ)和Mg94Zn2Nd4(Ⅱ)2种镁合金的微观组织、力学性能及电化学腐蚀性能。结果表明:2种合金均由α-Mg基体相和第2相Mg12Nd组成,第2相在Ⅰ合金中呈不连续断网状分布,在Ⅱ合金中呈近似连续网状分布。Ⅱ合金较Ⅰ合金的晶粒更加细化,抗拉强度、硬度及延伸率分别由201.73 MPa、82.2 MPa及3.07%提高到220.61 MPa、87.2 MPa及5.31%。Ⅰ合金为脆性断裂,Ⅱ合金为混合型断裂。Ⅱ合金较Ⅰ合金腐蚀电流密度由-3.342 m A/mm2增大到-2.834 m A/mm2,耐腐蚀性能减弱。     

Mg-6Gd-(2-4)Y-1Zn变形镁合金的组织与性能

制备了3种不同成分的Mg-Gd-Y-Zn四元合金,并对其显微组织和力学性能进行了系统的研究.结果显示,Mg-6Gd-2Y-1Zn和Mg-6Gd-3Y-1Zn合金的铸态组织主要由α-Mg,(Mg,Zn)3Gd和18R-LPSO结构的Mg12Y1Zn1相组成.而Mg-6Gd-4Y-1Zn合金的铸态组织则主要由α-Mg,Mg24(YGdZn)5和Mg12Y1Zn1相组成.合金退火后,3种合金的退火组织均由α-Mg,Mg12Y1Zn1和14H-LPSO相组成.热挤压过程中Mg12Y1Zn1相被拉长,呈长条状沿挤压方向排列,而14H-LPSO相则分布于条状分布的Mg12Y1Zn1之间.挤压态合金经固溶和225℃时效(T6)处理后,显微组织中呈现14H-LPSO结构和β’沉淀相共存.对挤压后的合金直接进行时效处理(T5)过程中也发生了β’沉淀相,但14H-LPSO相体积分数少于T6态.3种合金中Mg-6Gd-4Y-1Zn合金在T6态的性能最好.     

La对AlSi10Cu0.2Mg0.2Mn和ZnAl12Cu1(Mg)铸造合金力学性能的影响

利用Al-La中间合金制备了AlSi10Cu0.2Mg0.2Mn-x La和Zn Al12Cu1(Mg)-x La铸造合金,考察了不同的La含量对合金组织和抗拉强度、伸长率、冲击强度等性能的影响.研究结果表明:微量稀土La可以细化合金的晶粒,改变Si相晶粒大小和形状.与未添加La的合金相比,含有微量稀土La的AlSi10Cu0.2Mg0.2Mn-x La合金和Zn Al12Cu1(Mg)-x La合金具有更优良的力学性能.当AlSi10Cu0.2Mg0.2Mn铸造合金中La添加量为0.15%(质量分数)时,铸造合金的伸长率增加2.7倍.含有0.1%(质量分数)La的Zn Al12Cu1(M g)-x La合金抗拉强度和伸长率相比于未添加稀土La的合金,分别增强1.3倍和3.2倍.含有0.3%(质量分数)La时Zn Al12Cu1(Mg)-x La的硬度增强1.8倍,但冲击强度是含有0.15%(质量分数)La时最高.综合考虑Zn Al12Cu1(Mg)-x La铸造合金的机械性能,稀土La的最优添加量为0.1%~0.2%(质量分数).     

Al-2Ti变质处理对Zn-6Al-3Mg合金组织与力学性能的影响

采用扫描电镜、万能电子试验机和HVS-5Z/LCD维氏硬度计观察与测试变质处理Zn-6Al-3Mg合金的凝固组织与力学性能,研究Al-2Ti变质剂加入量和变质温度对合金组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:当变质温度为500℃,Al-2Ti变质剂加入量为0.5%(质量分数)时,Zn-6Al-3Mg合金组织中初晶Al-fcc相呈细小颗粒状,其体积分数最小,初晶MgZn_2相消失,Zn/Al二元和Zn/Al/MgZn_2三元共晶体的体积分数最多;当变质剂加入量为0.5%,变质温度为500℃时,Zn-6Al-3Mg合金的抗拉强度和伸长率最高,合金的综合力学性能最好。     

Nd含量对Mg-5.0Y-xNd-0.6Zr合金组织性能的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)和室温拉伸研究了稀土Nd含量对Mg-5.OY-xNd-0.6Zr(x=0,1.0,1.8,2.6,3.4,4.2,质量分数/%)合金铸锭微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着Nd含量增加,合金的平均晶粒尺寸从33.5μm减小到19.2μm,基体内固溶的Y和弥散分布的Mg24Y5颗粒减少,晶界上不连续网状分布的β相增多;合金的抗拉强度先增大后减小,而屈服强度先增大后趋于不变.,其最大值分别为214.5 MPa和102.8 MPa,延伸率和断面收缩率基本呈直线下降,分别从16.4%和23.8%降低到4.9%和2.7%;凝固过程中Nd、Y原子在固液界面前沿富集造成成分过冷度增大以及它们对晶粒生长的抑制作用增强是Nd细化合金晶粒的主要机理.     

Mn对Al-Mg-Si-Cu铝合金车身板组织和性能的影响

通过拉伸和埃里克森实验以及扫描电镜/能谱、透射电镜和金相分析,研究Mn的质量分数对Al Mg Si Cu铝合金汽车板显微组织、力学性能和成形性的影响·研究表明,随Mn质量分数增加,Al Mg Si Cu汽车板铝合金不可溶结晶相及弥散相粒子数量均增加,不可溶结晶相使合金组织纤维化对板材冲压成形性不利,弥散相粒子阻碍再结晶晶粒长大;提高Mn的质量分数,Al Mg Si Cu汽车板铝合金的强度增加,但延伸率和冲压成形性降低·     

Nd对AJ61镁合金微观组织及腐蚀性能的影响

采用真空熔炼、氩气保护的方法制备了AJ61-xNd镁合金,研究了稀土元素Nd对AJ61镁合金微观组织的影响规律.采用静态失重法、极化曲线法研究了AJ61-xNd镁合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.实验结果表明:随着Nd的加入,合金中出现Al2Nd、Al3Nd新相,合金晶粒得到细化,当Nd的质量分数为0.5%时合金晶粒最细.稀土元素Nd的加入显著降低了AJ61合金的腐蚀速度和腐蚀电流,提高了AJ61镁合金的平衡电位和腐蚀电位,显著改善了合金的耐腐蚀性能.在本实验范围内,当Nd质量分数为0.5%时,实验合金的耐腐蚀性能最好.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that