三氯化铝催化合成醋酸正丁酯的研究

以正丁醇和冰乙酸为原料 ,采用三氯化铝 (AlCl3·6H2 O)作催化剂合成醋酸正丁酯 .考察了催化剂用量、原料配比和反应时间等因素对反应的影响 .确定了三氯化铝作为催化剂的最佳反应条件 ;醇酸比例为n正丁醇∶n冰乙酸 =1∶0 .7;催化剂用量为0 .6g ;反应时间为 2 .0h ;产率高达 98.4% (以冰乙酸为基准 ) .并且对催化剂的重复使用效果作了研究     

AlCl_3·6H_20催化合成醋酸异戊酯

以异戊醇和冰乙酸为原料 ,采用六水合三氯化铝作催化剂合成醋酸异戊酯。考察了催化剂用量、原料配比和反应时间等因素对反应的影响。确定了三氯化铝作为催化剂的最佳反应条件 :n冰乙酸∶n异戊醇 =1∶0 .7(摩尔比 ) ,六水合三氯化铝用量为 0 .6g ,反应时间为 3.0h ,转化率 (以 0 .2mol冰乙酸计 )达 94 2 %。     

AlCl3*6H20催化合成醋酸异戊酯

以异戊醇和冰乙酸为原料,采用六水合三氯化铝作催化剂合成醋酸异戊酯.考察了催化剂用量、原料配比和反应时间等因素对反应的影响.确定了三氯化铝作为催化剂的最佳反应条件n冰乙酸∶n异戊醇＝1∶0.7(摩尔比),六水合三氯化铝用量为0.6 g,反应时间为3.0 h,转化率(以0.2 mol冰乙酸计)达94.2%.     

二氧化钛负载磷钨钼杂多酸催化合成丁醛乙二醇缩醛

采用浸渍法制备了二氧化钛负载磷钨钼杂多酸催化剂H3PW6Mo6O40/TiO2,该催化剂的适宜制备条件为:原料质量比m(TiO2)∶m(H3PW6Mo6O40)=1∶1,水的用量30 mL,浸渍时间12 h,活化温度150℃。以H3PW6Mo6O40/TiO2为催化剂,对以丁醛与乙二醇为原料合成丁醛乙二醇缩醛的反应条件进行了研究,较系统地研究了丁醛与乙二醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间对收率影响。实验结果表明,在n(丁醛)∶n(乙二醇)=1.0∶1.4、催化剂用量占反应物料总质量的0.8%、反应时间1.5 h的条件下,丁醛乙二醇缩醛的收率达51.3%.     

氯化锡催化合成苯甲酸乙酯的研究

以苯甲酸和无水乙醇为原料,采用氯化锡(SnCl4·5H2O)作催化剂合成苯甲酸乙酯,考察了催化剂用量、原料配比和反应时间等因素对反应产率的影响.确定了氯化锡作为催化剂的最佳反应条件:n苯甲酸∶n无水乙醇∶n氯化锡=1∶4∶0.01;反应温度为88℃;反应时间为60min;转化率(以苯甲酸计)可达93.5%.     

硫酸铝催化合成醋酸异戊酯的研究

以异戊醇和冰乙酸为原料,采用硫酸铝(Al_2(SO_4)_3·18H_2O)作催化剂合成醋酸异戊酯.考察了催化剂用量、原料配比和反应时间等因素对反应的影响.确定了硫酸铝作为催化剂的最佳反应条件:n_(冰乙酸):n_(异戊醇)=1:0.6(摩尔比),硫酸铝用量为0.5 g,反应时间1.5 h,产品收率(以0.2mol冰乙酸计)达95.2％.并且对催对剂的重复使用效果作了讨论.     

7-甲基吲哚啉合成新工艺

报道了以7-甲基吲哚为原料,用Zn-AlCl3·6H2O - H2O还原体系在回流状态下制备了7-甲基吲哚啉的一种新工艺.当n(7-甲基吲哚)∶n(Zn)∶n(AlCl3*6H2O)=1∶1.5∶0.05时,产物收率达92%.     

H_3PW_6Mo_6O_(40)/TiO_2-WO_3催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

采取浸渍法制备环境友好催化剂H3PW6Mo6O40/TiO2-WO3,并对催化剂进行IR和XRD表征。以H3PW6Mo6O40/TiO2-WO3为催化剂,由苯甲醛和乙二醇反应合成了苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛,探讨该催化剂对缩醛反应的催化活性,较系统地考察了醛醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量以及反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明,H3PW6Mo6O40/TiO2-WO3是合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂,确定的适宜工艺条件为:n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶1.6,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.8%,带水剂环己烷的用量为6mL,反应时间75min.在此反应条件下,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的收率可达79.4%.     

H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/SiO_2催化合成5-乙氧羰基-4-(4-羟基苯基)-6-甲基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮

采用H6P2W18O62/SiO2为催化剂,以对羟基苯甲醛、乙酰乙酸乙酯、尿素为原料合成5-乙氧羰基-4-(4-羟基苯基)-6-甲基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮.探讨H6P2W18O62/SiO2对本反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了反应物物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度四因素对产物收率的影响.实验表明:H6P2W18O62/SiO2是合成5-乙氧羰基-4-(4-羟基苯基)-6-甲基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮的良好催化剂;在n(对羟基苯甲醛)∶n(乙酰乙酸乙酯)∶n(尿素)=1∶1.5∶1.5,催化剂的用量占反应物料总质量的1.5%,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为60 min的最佳条件下,其收率可达94.4%.     

H3PW6Mo6O40/SiO2催化合成4-苯基-6-甲基-5-乙氧羰基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-2（H）-酮

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备H3PW6Mo6O40/SiO2催化剂,以苯甲醛,乙酰乙酸乙酯和尿素为原料,无水乙醇为溶剂催化合成4-苯基-6-甲基-5-乙氧羰基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(H)-酮,研究结果表明:反应物的摩尔比、反应温度、催化剂用量和反应时间是影响4-苯基-6-甲基-5-乙氧羰基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(H)-酮合成收率的重要因素.当n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙酰乙酸乙酯)∶n(尿素)=1.0∶1.2∶1.5,反应温度为90℃,催化剂的用量占反应物料总质量的1.5%,反应时间为75min时,产品收率可达70.3%.通过熔点、IR、1 H NMR和MS对合成目标化合物进行了表征确认.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.